本文详细介绍了Tomcat的简介、Java环境的配置、下载和部署过程，包括如何在Linux系统中安装OpenJDK，关闭防火墙和SELinux，以及如何配置多实例以在同一台机器上部署不同版本的Tomcat。
Tomcat 部署
1.tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持，最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现，Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，而且免费，因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说，可以这样认为，当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器，可利用它响应HTML（标准通用标记语言下的一个应用）页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展，但运行时它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat 时，它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是，当配置正确时，Apache 为HTML页面服务，而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外，Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样，具有处理HTML页面的功能，另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过，Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一，tomcat本身是一个容器，专门用来运行java程序，java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景：lnmt
2.tomcat 项目部署
2.1java环境下载
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list all| grep openjdk
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install java-17-openjdk-devel java-17-openjdk
# 查看版本
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
openjdk version "17.0.1" 2021-10-19 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment 21.9 (build 17.0.1+12-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 21.9 (build 17.0.1+12-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)
[root@localhost ~]#
关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl stop --now firewalld
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost bin]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost bin]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
2.2 tomcat部署
上官网：https://archive.apache.org/
# 下载软件包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.93/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz
# 解压并到指定的路径下
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 10492
-rw-------. 1 root root 1246 Jul 27 09:41 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10736621 Aug 23 18:54 apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz
[root@localhost src ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.93 bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost local]#
创建软链接
[root@localhost local]# ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.93/ /usr/local/tomcat
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Oct 10 03:13 apache-tomcat-8.5.93
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jul 27 09:35 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jul 27 09:35 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 src
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Oct 10 03:15 tomcat -> /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.93/
[root@localhost local]#
启动服务
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost bin]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
# 查看进程
[root@localhost bin]# ps -ef | grep tomcat
root 11531 1 0 03:17 pts/0 00:00:07 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 11641 1658 0 03:33 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
网页访问!
写一个hello world 的Java页面
[root@localhost webapps]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/webapps
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost test]# cat index.jsp
[root@localhost ~]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hello World");
%>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
bin conf lib logs README.md RUNNING.txt webapps
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES temp work
[root@localhost tomcat]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/tomcat.conf
[root@localhost tomcat]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/tomcat.conf
/usr/local/tomcat/lib
去浏览加上test！
3.了解一些参数文件
# 这些在浏览界面都是有的
[root@localhost webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT test
访问docs
访问manager/html
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ll
total 224
drwxr-x---. 3 root root 23 Oct 10 03:18 Catalina
-rw-------. 1 root root 12954 Aug 23 18:43 catalina.policy
-rw-------. 1 root root 8029 Aug 23 18:43 catalina.properties
-rw-------. 1 root root 1338 Aug 23 18:43 context.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 1149 Aug 23 18:43 jaspic-providers.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 2313 Aug 23 18:43 jaspic-providers.xsd
-rw-------. 1 root root 3916 Aug 23 18:43 logging.properties
-rw-------. 1 root root 7856 Aug 23 18:43 server.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 2756 Aug 23 18:43 tomcat-users.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 2558 Aug 23 18:43 tomcat-users.xsd
-rw-------. 1 root root 172017 Aug 23 18:43 web.xml
[root@localhost conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="ttq" password="ttq!" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
添加以上的内容
[root@localhost manager]# ls
css images index.jsp META-INF status.xsd WEB-INF xform.xsl
[root@localhost manager]# ls META-INF/
context.xml
[root@localhost manager]# vim META-INF/context.xml
<CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
sameSiteCookies="strict" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.136\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> （这行改变）
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|S
[root@localhost webapps]# vim docs/META-INF/context.xml
-->
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" >
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.136\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> （这行）
</Context>
可以有权限访问了
重启服务
[root@localhost bin]# ./catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@localhost bin]# ./catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
再次浏览docs
访问examples
[root@localhost webapps]# vim examples/META-INF/context.xml
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.136\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
</Context>
Tomcat 多示例部署
环境：
Tomcat 多实例是在一台主机上部署多个tomcat 服务
| Tomcat 实例 | tomcat版本 |
|---|---|
| example1 | apache-tomcat-8.5.93 |
| example2 | apache-tomcat-8.5.93 |
注意： 记得关闭防火墙和selinx！
之后建议重启！
多实例部署
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
# 下载tomcat软件包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.93/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz
# 解压安装example1
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.93 /usr/local/example1
# 解压安装到example2
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.93 /usr/local/example2
# 查看这两个实例
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Oct 11 06:21 example1
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Oct 11 06:22 example2
配置多实例
配置多实例之后，tomcat会起来这三个端口： 8005（关闭端口）8080 访问端口 8443（重定向端口）；
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/example1/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ll
total 224
-rw-------. 1 root root 12954 Aug 23 18:43 catalina.policy
-rw-------. 1 root root 8029 Aug 23 18:43 catalina.properties
-rw-------. 1 root root 1338 Aug 23 18:43 context.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 1149 Aug 23 18:43 jaspic-providers.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 2313 Aug 23 18:43 jaspic-providers.xsd
-rw-------. 1 root root 3916 Aug 23 18:43 logging.properties
-rw-------. 1 root root 7856 Aug 23 18:43 server.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 2756 Aug 23 18:43 tomcat-users.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 2558 Aug 23 18:43 tomcat-users.xsd
-rw-------. 1 root root 172017 Aug 23 18:43 web.xml
# 修该配置文件，看下面
[root@localhost conf]# vim server.xml
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
............
redirectPort="8444"
# 启动example1
[root@localhost bin]# /usr/local/example1/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/example1
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/example1
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/example1/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/example1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/example1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
# 查看端口
[root@localhost conf]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
# 启动example2
[root@localhost bin]# /usr/local/example2/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/example2
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/example2
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/example2/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/example2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/example2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
# 查看端口
[root@localhost conf]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8081 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
[root@localhost conf]#
如果多个实例的话，就要修改端口，避免冲突
配置多实例测试网页
# 配置example1 测试页面
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/example1/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test1 && cd test1
[root@localhost test1]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost test1]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("this an example a test");
%>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost test1]#
# 配置example2 测试页面
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test2 && cd test2
[root@localhost test2]# cp /usr/local/example2/webapps/index.jsp .
[root@localhost test2]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 151 Oct 11 08:49 index.jsp
[root@localhost test2]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost test2]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("this an example2 a test");
%>
</body>
</html>
访问测试！
ip :8080+ test1/test2
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