Canal + MQ 环境配置

Canal + MQ 环境配置

1. 配置 Mysql 主从同步

1.1 创建用户

在 MySQL 中需要创建一个用户,并授权

create user 'canal'@'%' identified WITH mysql_native_password by 'canal';

授权 *.* 表示所有库

GRANT SELECT,REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  • SELECT:允许用户查询(读取)数据库中的数据。
  • REPLICATION SLAVE:允许用户作为 MySQL 复制从库,用于同步主库的数据。
  • REPLICATION CLIENT:允许用户连接到主库并获取关于主库状态的信息。

在 MySQL 配置文件 my.cnf 设置如下信息 vi /usr/mysql/conf/my.cnf(参考自己的虚拟机配置位置):

[mysqld]
#打开binlog
log-bin=mysql-bin
#选择ROW(行)模式
binlog-format=ROW
#配置MySQL replaction需要定义,不要和canal的slaveId重复
server_id=1

expire_logs_days=3
max_binlog_size = 100m
max_binlog_cache_size = 512m

binlog 日志最大保存 100M,是为了方便测试,根据项目需求进行修改

1.2 重启 MySQL,查看配置信息

使用命令查看是否打开 binlog 模式:SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'log_bin';

ON 表示开启 binlog 模式

show variables like 'binlog_format';

binlog_format 的值为 row 时,表示 MySQL 服务器当前配置为使用行级别的二进制日志记录,这对于数据库复制和数据同步来说更为安全,因为它记录了对数据行的确切更改。

查看当前正在写入的 binlog 文件:SHOW MASTER STATUS;

2. 安装 Canal

获取 canal 镜像:docker pull canal/canal-server:latest

创建 /data/soft/canal 目录:mkdir -p /data/soft/canal

在 /data/soft/canal 下创建 canal.properties,内容如下,注意修改 mq 的配置信息:

#################################################
#########               common argument         #############
#################################################
# tcp bind ip
canal.ip =
# register ip to zookeeper
canal.register.ip =
canal.port = 11111
canal.metrics.pull.port = 11112
# canal instance user/passwd
# canal.user = canal
# canal.passwd = E3619321C1A937C46A0D8BD1DAC39F93B27D4458

# canal admin config
#canal.admin.manager = 127.0.0.1:8089
canal.admin.port = 11110
canal.admin.user = admin
canal.admin.passwd = 4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441
# admin auto register
#canal.admin.register.auto = true
#canal.admin.register.cluster =
#canal.admin.register.name =

canal.zkServers =
# flush data to zk
canal.zookeeper.flush.period = 1000
canal.withoutNetty = false
# tcp, kafka, rocketMQ, rabbitMQ
canal.serverMode = rabbitMQ
# flush meta cursor/parse position to file
canal.file.data.dir = ${canal.conf.dir}
canal.file.flush.period = 1000
## memory store RingBuffer size, should be Math.pow(2,n)
canal.instance.memory.buffer.size = 16384
## memory store RingBuffer used memory unit size , default 1kb
canal.instance.memory.buffer.memunit = 1024 
## meory store gets mode used MEMSIZE or ITEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.batch.mode = MEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.rawEntry = true

## detecing config
canal.instance.detecting.enable = false
#canal.instance.detecting.sql = insert into retl.xdual values(1,now()) on duplicate key update x=now()
canal.instance.detecting.sql = select 1
canal.instance.detecting.interval.time = 3
canal.instance.detecting.retry.threshold = 3
canal.instance.detecting.heartbeatHaEnable = false

# support maximum transaction size, more than the size of the transaction will be cut into multiple transactions delivery
canal.instance.transaction.size =  1024
# mysql fallback connected to new master should fallback times
canal.instance.fallbackIntervalInSeconds = 60

# network config
canal.instance.network.receiveBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.sendBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.soTimeout = 30

# binlog filter config
canal.instance.filter.druid.ddl = true
canal.instance.filter.query.dcl = false
# 这个配置一定要修改
canal.instance.filter.query.dml = true
canal.instance.filter.query.ddl = false
canal.instance.filter.table.error = false
canal.instance.filter.rows = false
canal.instance.filter.transaction.entry = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.insert = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.update = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.delete = false

# binlog format/image check
canal.instance.binlog.format = ROW,STATEMENT,MIXED 
canal.instance.binlog.image = FULL,MINIMAL,NOBLOB

# binlog ddl isolation
canal.instance.get.ddl.isolation = false

# parallel parser config
canal.instance.parser.parallel = true
## concurrent thread number, default 60% available processors, suggest not to exceed Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
#canal.instance.parser.parallelThreadSize = 16
## disruptor ringbuffer size, must be power of 2
canal.instance.parser.parallelBufferSize = 256

# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable = true
canal.instance.tsdb.dir = ${canal.file.data.dir:../conf}/${canal.instance.destination:}
canal.instance.tsdb.url = jdbc:h2:${canal.instance.tsdb.dir}/h2;CACHE_SIZE=1000;MODE=MYSQL;
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername = canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword = canal
# dump snapshot interval, default 24 hour
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.interval = 24
# purge snapshot expire , default 360 hour(15 days)
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.expire = 360

#################################################
#########               destinations            #############
#################################################
canal.destinations = xzb-canal
# conf root dir
canal.conf.dir = ../conf
# auto scan instance dir add/remove and start/stop instance
canal.auto.scan = true
canal.auto.scan.interval = 5
# set this value to 'true' means that when binlog pos not found, skip to latest.
# WARN: pls keep 'false' in production env, or if you know what you want.
canal.auto.reset.latest.pos.mode = false

canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/h2-tsdb.xml
#canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/mysql-tsdb.xml

canal.instance.global.mode = spring
canal.instance.global.lazy = false
canal.instance.global.manager.address = ${canal.admin.manager}
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/memory-instance.xml
canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/file-instance.xml
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/default-instance.xml

##################################################
#########             MQ Properties      #############
##################################################
# aliyun ak/sk , support rds/mq
canal.aliyun.accessKey =
canal.aliyun.secretKey =
canal.aliyun.uid=

canal.mq.flatMessage = true
canal.mq.canalBatchSize = 50
canal.mq.canalGetTimeout = 100
# Set this value to "cloud", if you want open message trace feature in aliyun.
canal.mq.accessChannel = local

canal.mq.database.hash = true
canal.mq.send.thread.size = 30
canal.mq.build.thread.size = 8

##################################################
#########                    Kafka                   #############
##################################################
kafka.bootstrap.servers = 127.0.0.1:9092
kafka.acks = all
kafka.compression.type = none
kafka.batch.size = 16384
kafka.linger.ms = 1
kafka.max.request.size = 1048576
kafka.buffer.memory = 33554432
kafka.max.in.flight.requests.per.connection = 1
kafka.retries = 0

kafka.kerberos.enable = false
kafka.kerberos.krb5.file = "../conf/kerberos/krb5.conf"
kafka.kerberos.jaas.file = "../conf/kerberos/jaas.conf"

##################################################
#########                   RocketMQ         #############
##################################################
rocketmq.producer.group = test
rocketmq.enable.message.trace = false
rocketmq.customized.trace.topic =
rocketmq.namespace =
rocketmq.namesrv.addr = 127.0.0.1:9876
rocketmq.retry.times.when.send.failed = 0
rocketmq.vip.channel.enabled = false
rocketmq.tag = 

##################################################
#########                   RabbitMQ         #############
##################################################
rabbitmq.host = 192.168.101.68
rabbitmq.virtual.host = /xzb
rabbitmq.exchange = exchange.canal-jzo2o
rabbitmq.username = xzb
rabbitmq.password = xzb
rabbitmq.deliveryMode = 2

创建 instance.properties,内容如下:

canal.instance.master.journal.name 用于指定主库正在写入的 binlog 文件的名称。

如果不配置 canal.instance.master.journal.name,Canal 会尝试自动检测 MySQL 主库的 binlog 文件,并从最新位置开始进行复制。

#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=1000

# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false

# position info
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.101.68:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=mysql-bin.000001
canal.instance.master.position=0
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=

# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=

# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal

#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=

# username/password
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==

# table regex
# canal.instance.filter.regex=test01\\..*,test02\\..*
#canal.instance.filter.regex=test01\\..*,test02\\.t1
#canal.instance.filter.regex=jzo2o-foundations\\.serve_sync,jzo2o-orders-0\\.orders_seize,jzo2o-orders-0\\.orders_dispatch,jzo2o-orders-0\\.serve_provider_sync,jzo2o-customer\\.serve_provider_sync
canal.instance.filter.regex=jzo2o-orders-1\\.orders_dispatch,jzo2o-orders-1\\.orders_seize,jzo2o-foundations\\.serve_sync,jzo2o-customer\\.serve_provider_sync,jzo2o-orders-1\\.serve_provider_sync,jzo2o-orders-1\\.history_orders_sync,jzo2o-orders-1\\.history_orders_serve_sync,jzo2o-market\\.activity
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=mysql\\.slave_.*
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch

# mq config
#canal.mq.topic=topic_test01
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=topic_test01:test01\\..*,topic_test02:test02\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-dispatch:jzo2o-orders-0\\.orders_dispatch,canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-seize:jzo2o-orders-0\\.orders_seize,canal-mq-jzo2o-foundations:jzo2o-foundations\\.serve_sync,canal-mq-jzo2o-customer-provider:jzo2o-customer\\.serve_provider_sync,canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-provider:jzo2o-orders-0\\.serve_provider_sync
canal.mq.dynamicTopic=canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-dispatch:jzo2o-orders-1\\.orders_dispatch,canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-seize:jzo2o-orders-1\\.orders_seize,canal-mq-jzo2o-foundations:jzo2o-foundations\\.serve_sync,canal-mq-jzo2o-customer-provider:jzo2o-customer\\.serve_provider_sync,canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-provider:jzo2o-orders-1\\.serve_provider_sync,canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-serve-history:jzo2o-orders-1\\.history_orders_serve_sync,canal-mq-jzo2o-orders-history:jzo2o-orders-1\\.history_orders_sync,canal-mq-jzo2o-market-resource:jzo2o-market\\.activity
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#################################################

创建日志目录:mkdir -p /data/soft/canal/logs /data/soft/canal/conf

启动仓库:

docker run --name canal -p 11111:11111 -d -v /data/soft/canal/instance.properties:/home/admin/canal-server/conf/xzb-canal/instance.properties  -v /data/soft/canal/canal.properties:/home/admin/canal-server/conf/canal.properties -v /data/soft/canal/logs:/home/admin/canal-server/logs/xzb-canal -v /data/soft/canal/conf:/home/admin/canal-server/conf/xzb-canal canal/canal-server:latest

3. 安装 RabbitMQ

拉取镜像(如果未拉取过镜像)

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/itheima/rabbitmq:3.9.17-management-delayed

创建文件夹和文件

mkdir -p /data/soft/rabbitmq/config /data/soft/rabbitmq/data /data/soft/rabbitmq/plugins

启动容器

docker run \
--privileged \
 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=czri \
 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=czri1234 \
 --restart=always \
 --name rabbitmq \
 --hostname rabbitmq \
 -v /data/soft/rabbitmq/config:/etc/rabbitmq \
 -v /data/soft/rabbitmq/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
 -p 15672:15672 \
 -p 5672:5672 \
 -d \
 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/itheima/rabbitmq:3.9.17-management-delayed

启动 rabbitmq 管理端

# 启动rabbitmq管理端
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
# 启动延迟队列插件
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

进入 rabbitmq 管理界面:http://192.168.101.68:15672/

  1. 创建虚拟主机 /xzb

  2. 创建账号和密码:xzb/xzb

  3. 设置权限可以访问 /xzb

  4. 登录 /xzb

4. 配置 Canal + RabbitMQ

4.1 在 Canal 中配置 RabbitMQ 的连接信息:

# tcp, kafka, rocketMQ, rabbitMQ
canal.serverMode = rabbitMQ

##################################################
#########                     RabbitMQ             #############
##################################################
rabbitmq.host = 192.168.101.68
rabbitmq.virtual.host = /xzb
rabbitmq.exchange = exchange.canal-jzo2o
rabbitmq.username = xzb
rabbitmq.password = xzb
rabbitmq.deliveryMode = 2
  • 用于数据同步的 MQ 交换机:exchange.canal-jzo2o
  • 虚拟主机地址:/xzb
  • 账号和密码:xzb/xzb
  • rabbitmq.deliveryMode = 2:设置消息持久化

4.2 设置需要监听的 Mysql 库和表

修改 /data/soft/canal/instance.properties

canal.instance.filter.regex 需要监听的 Mysql 库和表

  • 全库:.*\\..*
  • 指定库下的所有表:canal\\..*
  • 指定库下的指定表:canal\\.canal,test\\.test
    • 库名\\.表名:转义需要用 \\,使用逗号分隔多个库

这里配置监听 jzo2o-foundations 数据库下 serve_sync 表,如下:

canal.instance.filter.regex=jzo2o-foundations\\.serve_sync

4.3 在 Canal 配置 MQ 的 Topic

这里使用动态 topic:

canal.mq.dynamicTopic=canal-mq-jzo2o-foundations:jzo2o-foundations\\.serve_sync

上边的配置表示:对 jzo2o-foundations 数据库的 serve_sync 表的修改消息发到 topic 为 canal-mq-jzo2o-foundations 关联的队列

4.4 进入 MQ 配置交换机和队列

创建 exchange.canal-jzo2o 交换机:

创建队列:canal-mq-jzo2o-foundations

绑定交换机:

绑定成功:

5. 测试数据同步

  1. 首先重置 mysql 的 bin log:

    连接 mysql 执行:reset master

    执行后所有的 binlog 删除,从 000001 号开始

    通过 show master status; 查看 ,结果显示 mysql-bin.000001

  2. 先停止 canal:docker stop canal (如果本身就没有启动,不用操作)

  3. 删除 meta.dat:rm -rf /data/soft/canal/conf/meta.dat

  4. 启动 canal:docker start canal

修改 jzo2o-foundations 数据库的 serve_sync 表的数据,稍等片刻查看 canal-mq-jzo2o-foundations 队列,如果队列中有的消息说明同步成功,如:

### Canal 与消息队列 (MQ) 集成概述 Canal 是阿里巴巴开源的一款用于捕获 MySQL 数据库 Binlog 日志并将其解析为增量数据变更的工具[^1]。通过 Canal,可以实时获取数据库中的增删改操作,并将这些变化的数据发送到其他系统或服务中进行处理。通常情况下,这种场景会涉及与其他中间件(如 MQ)的集成。 #### CanalMQ 的工作原理 当 Canal 捕捉到 MySQL 的数据变更后,可以通过适配器模式将这些变更事件推送到不同的消息队列系统中。常见的消息队列有 Kafka、RabbitMQ 和 RocketMQ 等。以下是具体的工作流程: 1. **MySQL 主机配置** 在 MySQL 中启用 binlog 功能,并设置其格式为 `ROW` 或 `MIXED`,以便 Canal 能够读取详细的行级日志信息。 2. **Canal Server 启动** Canal Server 连接到 MySQL 实例,订阅指定的数据库表,并监听所有的 DML/DQL 变更事件。 3. **数据转发至 MQ** 使用 Canal 提供的客户端 SDK 或插件机制,将接收到的变更事件序列化并通过网络传输给目标 MQ 系统。这一过程可能需要自定义编码逻辑来满足特定需求。 4. **下游消费者消费消息** 下游应用可以从 MQ 订阅主题或者队列,接收来自 Canal 发送的消息流,并执行相应的业务逻辑处理。 #### 技术实现细节 下面是一个基于 Spring Boot 的简单示例程序片段,展示如何利用 Canal Client 将数据写入 Apache Kafka: ```java import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector; import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message; public class CanalKafkaIntegration { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建连接对象 CanalConnector connector = ...; int batchSize = 1000; while (true) { Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(batchSize); if (message != null && message.getEntries().size() > 0) { producer.send(message); // 假设有一个方法负责向Kafka推送数据 // 手动确认已成功投递 connector.ack(batchSize); } else { Thread.sleep(1000L); } } } } ``` 上述代码展示了基本框架结构,实际项目开发过程中还需要考虑异常管理、重试策略以及性能优化等问题。 #### 注意事项 - 确保生产环境下的高可用性和容灾能力设计合理; - 对敏感字段做脱敏处理后再传递出去以免泄露隐私信息; - 定期监控整个链路状态指标以及时发现潜在风险点。
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