目录
准备工作
- 准备数据库表 emp
- 创建一个新的springboot工程,选择引入对应的起步依赖(mybatis、mysql驱动、lombok)
- application.properties中引入数据库连接信息
- 创建对应的实体类 Emp(实体类属性采用驼峰命名)
- 准备Mapper接口 EmpMapper
目录结构
建表语句
-- 部门管理
create table dept(
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment comment '主键ID',
name varchar(10) not null unique comment '部门名称',
create_time datetime not null comment '创建时间',
update_time datetime not null comment '修改时间'
) comment '部门表';
insert into dept (id, name, create_time, update_time) values(1,'学工部',now(),now()),(2,'教研部',now(),now()),(3,'咨询部',now(),now()), (4,'就业部',now(),now()),(5,'人事部',now(),now());
-- 员工管理
create table emp (
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment comment 'ID',
username varchar(20) not null unique comment '用户名',
password varchar(32) default '123456' comment '密码',
name varchar(10) not null comment '姓名',
gender tinyint unsigned not null comment '性别, 说明: 1 男, 2 女',
image varchar(300) comment '图像',
job tinyint unsigned comment '职位, 说明: 1 班主任,2 讲师, 3 学工主管, 4 教研主管, 5 咨询师',
entrydate date comment '入职时间',
dept_id int unsigned comment '部门ID',
create_time datetime not null comment '创建时间',
update_time datetime not null comment '修改时间'
) comment '员工表';
INSERT INTO emp
(id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate,dept_id, create_time, update_time) VALUES
(1,'jinyong','123456','金庸',1,'1.jpg',4,'2000-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(2,'zhangwuji','123456','张无忌',1,'2.jpg',2,'2015-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(3,'yangxiao','123456','杨逍',1,'3.jpg',2,'2008-05-01',2,now(),now()),
(4,'weiyixiao','123456','韦一笑',1,'4.jpg',2,'2007-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(5,'changyuchun','123456','常遇春',1,'5.jpg',2,'2012-12-05',2,now(),now()),
(6,'xiaozhao','123456','小昭',2,'6.jpg',3,'2013-09-05',1,now(),now()),
(7,'jixiaofu','123456','纪晓芙',2,'7.jpg',1,'2005-08-01',1,now(),now()),
(8,'zhouzhiruo','123456','周芷若',2,'8.jpg',1,'2014-11-09',1,now(),now()),
(9,'dingminjun','123456','丁敏君',2,'9.jpg',1,'2011-03-11',1,now(),now()),
(10,'zhaomin','123456','赵敏',2,'10.jpg',1,'2013-09-05',1,now(),now()),
(11,'luzhangke','123456','鹿杖客',1,'11.jpg',5,'2007-02-01',3,now(),now()),
(12,'hebiweng','123456','鹤笔翁',1,'12.jpg',5,'2008-08-18',3,now(),now()),
(13,'fangdongbai','123456','方东白',1,'13.jpg',5,'2012-11-01',3,now(),now()),
(14,'zhangsanfeng','123456','张三丰',1,'14.jpg',2,'2002-08-01',2,now(),now()),
(15,'yulianzhou','123456','俞莲舟',1,'15.jpg',2,'2011-05-01',2,now(),now()),
(16,'songyuanqiao','123456','宋远桥',1,'16.jpg',2,'2010-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(17,'chenyouliang','123456','陈友谅',1,'17.jpg',NULL,'2015-03-21',NULL,now(),now());
Emp.java
package com.itheima.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Emp {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String name;
private Short gender;
private String image;
private Short job;
private LocalDate entrydate;
private Integer deptId;
private LocalDateTime createTime;
private LocalDateTime updateTime;
}
使用注解配置SQL语句
删除操作
EmpMapper.java
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
//根据id删除数据
@Delete("delete from emp where id = #{id}")
public void delete(Integer id);//可以有返回值,返回影响的记录数,将void改成int
}
SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests.java
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private EmpMapper empMapper;
@Test
public void testDelete(){
empMapper.delete(17);
}
}
运行后发现删除成功
参数占位符
参数传递时使用#{},执行SQL时,会将#{…}替换为?,生成预编译SQL,会自动设置参数值。
对表名、列表进行动态设置时使用${},直接将参数拼接在SQL语句中,存在SQL注入问题。
预编译SQL
性能更高,更安全(防止SQL注入)
可以在application.properties文件中加入如下指令,可以在控制台查看mybatis日志
#配置mybatis的日志,指定输出到控制台
mybatis.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
在mybatis的Mapper接口中声明的SQL语句使用的#{}占位符,#{}会被?替代,生成预编译SQL
增加操作
EmpMapper
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
//根据id删除数据
@Insert("insert into emp(username, name, gender, image, job, entrydate, dept_id, create_time, update_time)" +
" values (#{username},#{name},#{gender},#{image},#{job},#{entrydate},#{deptId},#{createTime},#{updateTime})")//注意驼峰命名法
public void insert(Emp emp);
}
SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests.java
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private EmpMapper empMapper;
@Test
public void testInsert(){
Emp emp = new Emp();
emp.setUsername("aw");
emp.setName("awaw");
emp.setImage("1.jpg");
emp.setGender((short)1);
emp.setJob((short)1);
emp.setEntrydate(LocalDate.of(2000,1,1));
emp.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
emp.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
emp.setDeptId(1);
empMapper.insert(emp);
}
}
运行后发现新增成功
获取返回的主键
@Options(keyProperty = "id",useGeneratedKeys = true)
会自动将生成的主键值赋值给emp对象的id属性
EmpMapper
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
//根据id删除数据
@Options(keyProperty = "id",useGeneratedKeys = true)//会自动将生成的主键值赋值给emp对象的id属性
@Insert("insert into emp(username, name, gender, image, job, entrydate, dept_id, create_time, update_time)" +
" values (#{username},#{name},#{gender},#{image},#{job},#{entrydate},#{deptId},#{createTime},#{updateTime})")
public void insert(Emp emp);
}
SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests.java
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private EmpMapper empMapper;
@Test
public void testInsert(){
Emp emp = new Emp();
emp.setUsername("tom3");
emp.setName("tom3");
emp.setImage("1.jpg");
emp.setGender((short)1);
emp.setJob((short)1);
emp.setEntrydate(LocalDate.of(2000,1,1));
emp.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
emp.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
emp.setDeptId(1);
empMapper.insert(emp);
System.out.println(emp.getId());
}
}
运行结果如下,发现返回了主键
更新操作
EmpMapper.java
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
@Update("update emp set username = #{username}, name = #{name}, gender = #{gender}, image = #{image}," +
" job = #{job}, entrydate = #{entrydate}, dept_id = #{deptId},update_time = #{updateTime} where id = #{id}")
public void update(Emp emp);
}
SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests.java
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private EmpMapper empMapper;
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
Emp emp = new Emp();
emp.setId(21);
emp.setUsername("hi");
emp.setName("hello");
emp.setImage("2.jpg");
emp.setGender((short)1);
emp.setJob((short)1);
emp.setEntrydate(LocalDate.of(2000,1,1));
emp.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
emp.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
emp.setDeptId(1);
empMapper.update(emp);
}
}
查询emp数据表
运行之后发现更改成功
查询操作
EmpMapper.java
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
//根据id查询员工
@Select("select * from emp where id = #{id}")
public Emp getById(Integer id);
}
SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests.java
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private EmpMapper empMapper;
@Test
public void testSelect(){
Emp emp = empMapper.getById(20);
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
运行结果如下
发现deptId=null,createTime=null, updateTime=null三个字段无法被赋值
原因:实体类属性名和数据库表查询返回的字段名一致,mybatis会自动封装,不一致则不能自动封装
解决上述字段无法被赋值问题方法如下
- 起别名
起别名使别名与实体类属性名一致
EmpMapper.java内容如下
package com.itheima.mapper; import com.itheima.pojo.Emp; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*; @Mapper public interface EmpMapper { //根据id查询员工 @Select("select id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate, dept_id deptId, create_time createTime, update_time updateTime from emp where id = #{id}") public Emp getById(Integer id); }
运行结果如下 ,发现查询成功
- 手动结果映射
通过@Results,@Result注解手动封装映射
EmpMapper.java内容如下
@Mapper public interface EmpMapper { //根据id查询员工 @Results({ @Result(column = "dept_id",property = "deptId"), @Result(column = "create_time",property = "createTime"), @Result(column = "update_time",property = "updateTime") }) @Select("select id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate, dept_id, create_time, update_time from emp where id = #{id}") public Emp getById(Integer id); }
- 开启驼峰命名
开启mybatis驼峰命名自动映射开关
在applications.properties文件下加入如下内容
#开启mybatis驼峰命名自动映射开关 mybatis.configuration.map-underscore-to-camel-case=true
再次运行,发现查询成功
条件查询
查询入职时间为2010.1.1到2020.1.1之间的张姓男性
SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests.java
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private EmpMapper empMapper;
@Test
public void testSelect(){
List<Emp> list = empMapper.list("张",(short)1, LocalDate.of(2010,1,1),LocalDate.of(2020,1,1));
System.out.println(list);
}
}
如下为错误代码
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
@Select("select * from emp where name like '%#{name}%' and gender = #{gender} and entrydate between #{begin} and #{end} order by update_time desc;")
public List<Emp> list(String name, short gender, LocalDate begin,LocalDate end);
}
发现运行失败
#{}不能出现在' '内,因为#{}会被?替代,最后为'%?%'
可以将#{}更改为${}
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
@Select("select * from emp where name like '%${name}%' and gender = #{gender} and entrydate between #{begin} and #{end} order by update_time desc;")
public List<Emp> list(String name, short gender, LocalDate begin,LocalDate end);
}
运行发现查询成功
但由于生成的不是预编译SQL,存在性能低,不安全,存在SQL注入的问题
可以通过concat函数解决问题
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
@Select("select * from emp where name like concat('%',#{name},'%') and gender = #{gender} and entrydate between #{begin} and #{end} order by update_time desc;")
public List<Emp> list(String name, short gender, LocalDate begin,LocalDate end);
}
运行发现查询成功
使用注解来配置XML语句会使代码更加简洁,但对于稍微复杂一点的语句,Java注解不仅力不从心还会让本就复杂的SQL语句更加混乱不堪。因此如果需要做一些复杂的操作,最好用XML映射语句
使用XML映射文件的方式配置SQL语句
使用XML映射文件有如下三种规范
- XML映射文件的名称与Mapper接口名称一致,并且将XML映射文件和Mapper接口放置在相同包名下
- XML映射文件的namespace属性与Mapper接口的全类名保持一致
- XML映射文件中sql语句的id与Mapper接口中的方法名一致,并保持返回类型一致
在resources目录下创建包,注意目录之间需要用/来分隔
在新包下创建文件EmpMapper.xml,名称与Mapper接口一致
在EmpMapper.xml中加入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
EmpMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.EmpMapper">
<!--resultType单条记录所封装的内容-->
<select id="list" resultType="com.itheima.pojo.Emp">
select * from emp where name like concat('%',#{name},'%') and gender = #{gender} and entrydate between #{begin} and #{end} order by update_time desc
</select>
</mapper>
EmpMapper.java
package com.itheima.mapper;
import com.itheima.pojo.Emp;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
public List<Emp> list(String name, short gender, LocalDate begin, LocalDate end);
}
调用SpringbootMybatisCrudApplicationTests.java发现查询成功