yum 源概述、本地yum源备份及光盘配置、man5配置文件、网络yum源、特定软件源配置、缓存某些软件到本地、自建yum仓库

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/m0_72244574/article/details/140460123

1.yum源概述，本地yum源备份及光盘配置：

yum优点：

Rpm安装（下载软件，单独安装，需要解决依赖关系）

源码安装 confgure make make install

yum基于rpm，相当于rpm升级版，⾃动解决依赖关系

分类：

1.本地yum源

yum仓库在本地，系统光盘/镜像⽂件

2.⽹络yum源

aliyun

163源

sohu源

清华源

centos源

redhat源

epel源

3.特定软件

nginx

mysql

# 当前在etc⽬录，跳转到yum.repos.d⽬录

[root@localhost etc]# cd yum.repos.d/

#查看默认的源⽂件

[root@mm yum.repos.d]# ls

CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo

mysql-community.repo

CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo

mysql-community-source.repo

CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo mysql-community

debuginfo.repo

[root@mm yum.repos.d]# pwd

/etc/yum.repos.d

2.将所有的repo⽂件做成压缩包，命名为repo.tar.gz

[root@mm yum.repos.d]# tar -zcvf repo.tar.gz ./*.repo

./CentOS-Base.repo

./CentOS-CR.repo

./CentOS-Debuginfo.repo

./CentOS-fasttrack.repo

./CentOS-Media.repo

./CentOS-Sources.repo

./CentOS-Vault.repo

./CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo

./mysql-community-debuginfo.repo

./mysql-community.repo

./mysql-community-source.repo

您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有新邮件

# 查看⽂件信息

[root@mm yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo

mysql-community.repo

CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo

mysql-community-source.repo

CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo mysql-community

debuginfo.repo repo.tar.gz

3.删除所有的repo⽂件

[root@mm yum.repos.d]# rm -rf ./*.repo

您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有新邮件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls

repo.tar.gz

[root@mm yum.repos.d]#

1.yum源安装：

1.指定挂载文件，将/dev/sr0 挂载到 /mnt 下

[root@mm ~]# mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt/

2.ls /mnt/ 有东西挂载成功

[root@mm ~]# ls /mnt/

3.开机自动执行挂载

[root@mm ~]# vim /etc/rc.local

或者：

[root@mm ~]# echo "mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@mm ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 8.8G 0 rom /mnt

2.编写本地repo⽂件

1.创建⼀个repo⽂件

2.编辑内容

yum 仓库的格式

[仓库名称] 可以有多个仓库

name= 仓库名称

baseurl= 仓库的路径，⽀持多种格式 file:// ftp:// http/s://

gpgcheck= gpg秘钥检测 0不检测，1检测，如果需要配置秘钥链接

enable= 0|1 是否启⽤当前仓库

清理缓存，查看源列表

[root@mm ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/

repo.tar.gz

[root@mm ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/20240714001.repo

[local]

name = local0

baseurl = file : ///mnt

gpgcheck = 0

enable = 1

# 清理缓存

[root@mm ~]# yum clear all

已加载插件：fastestmirror

没有该命令：clear。请使⽤ /usr/bin/yum --help

4.创建缓存

[root@mm ~]# yum makecache

5.测试：

[root@mm ~]# yum -y install httpd //安装成功

2. man 5 配置文件：（配置文件的帮助文档）

[root@mm ~]# man 5 yum.conf

3.网络yum源配置：

1.搜索阿⾥镜像源

2. 根据官⽅提示配置yum源

centos镜像_centos下载地址_centos安装教程-阿里巴巴开源镜像站 (aliyun.com)

https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos

3.复制阿⾥云提供的url，下载⽂件

[root@mm ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
或

[root@mm ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

4.运⾏ yum makecache⽣成缓存 yum clear

[root@mm ~]# yum makecache

5.查看源

[root@mm yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all

已加载插件：fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

源标识源名称状态

base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base -

mirrors.aliyun.com 启⽤: 10,072centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus -

mirrors.aliyun.com 禁⽤

contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib -

mirrors.aliyun.com 禁⽤

extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras -

mirrors.aliyun.com 启⽤: 526

local local0 启⽤: 9,911

updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates -

mirrors.aliyun.com 启⽤: 6,173

repolist: 26,682

4.特定软件源配置：

1.移除epel源，如果不⾏就全清空

[root@mm ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有新邮件

[root@mm ~]# yum clear all

已加载插件：fastestmirror

没有该命令：clear。请使⽤ /usr/bin/yum --help

[root@mm ~]# yum makecache

已加载插件：fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

extras

| 2.9 kB 00:00:00

local

| 3.6 kB 00:00:00

updates

| 2.9 kB 00:00:00

元数据缓存已建⽴

2.搜nginx的镜像：

nginx newshttps://nginx.org/

3. 安装稳定版本

[root@mm ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

4. 创建缓存

[root@mm ~]# yum clean all

已加载插件：fastestmirror

正在清理软件源： nginx-stable

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

Other repos take up 745 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)

[root@mm ~]# yum makecache

已加载插件：fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

nginx-stable

| 2.9 kB 00:00:00

(1/3): nginx-stable/7/x86_64/filelists_db

| 121 kB 00:00:01

(2/3): nginx-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db

| 97 kB 00:00:01

(3/3): nginx-stable/7/x86_64/other_db

| 59 kB 00:00:00

元数据缓存已建⽴

您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有新邮件

[root@mm ~]# yum list|grep nginx

nginx.x86_64 1:1.26.1-2.el7.ngx

nginx-stable

nginx-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx

nginx-stable

5.安装并且检查

[root@mm ~]# yum install nginx -y

6. 启动（停用）服务

# 启动服务

[root@mm ~]# nginx

# 查看指令

[root@mm ~]# whereis nginx

nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx

/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz

# 访问服务器

[root@mm ~]# curl http://localhost

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title> Welcome to nginx! </title>

<style>

html { color-scheme: light dark; }

body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;

font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>

<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed

and

working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to

<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>

Commercial support is available at

<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>

</body>

</html>

# 停⽤ nginx

[root@mm ~]# nginx -s stop

您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有新邮件

# 访问测试

[root@mm ~]# curl http://localhost

curl: (7) Failed connect to localhost:80; 拒绝连接

[root@mm ~]

5.缓存某些软件到本地：

1.缓存安装软件包

下⼀次还⽤

国外源

2.如何缓存

vim /etc/yum.conf

[main]

cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releaserver # 定义软件包缓存路径

keepcache=1 #开启缓存

debuglevel=2

logfile=/var/log/yum.log

1.vim /etc/yum.cong

2.keepcache=1

3.测试 yum -y. install tree

4./var/cache/yum/x66_32/7/base/packages/treeexxxxxx.rpm

[root@mm ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf

3.卸载，然后安装nginx 查看缓存⽂件

[root@mm ~]# yum -y remove nginx.x86_64

# 安装

[root@mm ~]# yum install nginx -y

# 查找安装包

[root@mm ~]# find /var/cache/ -name "*tree*" -type f

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/os/packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有新邮件

[root@mm ~]# find /var/cache/ -name "*nginx*" -type f

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-stable/packages/nginx-1.26.1-

2.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm

[root@mm ~]#

4.只下载不安装

[root@mm ~]# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=./soft/ samba

[root@mm ~]# ls soft/

6.自建yum仓库：

1.安装createrepo制作仓库的软件

[root@mm ~]# yum -y install createrepo

2.把soft⽂件夹做成⼀个本地的⾃建仓库

[root@mm ~]# createrepo soft/

[root@mm ~]# cd soft/

[root@mm soft]# ls

avahi-libs-0.6.31-20.el7.x86_64.rpm pytalloc-2.1.16- 1.el7.x86_64.rpm

cups-libs-1.6.3-52.el7_9.x86_64.rpm python-tdb-1.3.18- 1.el7.x86_64.rpm

gnutls-3.3.29-9.el7_6.x86_64.rpm repodata libldb-1.5.4-2.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-4.10.16-

25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm

libtalloc-2.1.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-client-libs-4.10.16- 25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm

libtdb-1.3.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-common-4.10.16- 25.el7_9.noarch.rpm

libtevent-0.9.39-1.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-common-libs-4.10.16- 25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm

libwbclient-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm samba-common-tools-4.10.16- 25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm

nettle-2.7.1-9.el7_9.x86_64.rpm samba-libs-4.10.16- 25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm

pyldb-1.5.4-2.el7.x86_64.rpm trousers-0.3.14- 2.el7.x86_64.rpm

3.在/etc/yum.repos.d/下创建 soft.repo

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/soft.repo

[soft]
name=soft
baseurl=file:///root/soft/
gpgcheck=0
enable=1

yum clean all

yum makecache

4.再次安装samba

[root@mm soft]# yum -y install samba