CountDownLatch介绍
从源码可知，其底层是由AQS提供支持，所以其数据结构可以参考AQS的数据结构，而AQS的数据结构核心就是两个虚拟队列: 同步队列sync queue 和条件队列condition queue，不同的条件会有不同的条件队列。CountDownLatch典型的用法是将一个程序分为n个互相独立的可解决任务，并创建值为n的CountDownLatch。当每一个任务完成时，都会在这个锁存器上调用countDown，等待问题被解决的任务调用这个锁存器的await，将他们自己拦住，直至锁存器计数结束。
继承关系
CountDownLatch没有显示继承哪个父类或者实现哪个父接口, 它底层是AQS是通过内部类Sync来实现的.
内部类
CountDownLatch类存在一个内部类Sync，继承自AbstractQueuedSynchronizer，源码如下.
private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L;
Sync(int count) {
setState(count);
}
int getCount() {
return getState();
}
protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
}
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
// Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (c == 0)
return false;
int nextc = c-1;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
return nextc == 0;
}
}
}类的属性
可以看到CountDownLatch类的内部只有一个Sync类型的属性:
public class CountDownLatch {
// 同步队列
private final Sync sync;
}构造函数
public CountDownLatch(int count) {
if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
// 初始化状态数
this.sync = new Sync(count);
}
说明: 该构造函数可以构造一个用给定计数初始化的CountDownLatch，并且构造函数内完成了sync的初始化，并设置了状态数。
核心函数 - await
此函数将会使当前线程在锁存器倒计数至零之前一直等待，除非线程被中断。其源码如下
public void await() throws InterruptedException {
// 转发到sync对象上
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
说明: 由源码可知，对CountDownLatch对象的await的调用会转发为对Sync的acquireSharedInterruptibly(从AQS继承的方法)方法的调用。
acquireSharedInterruptibly源码如下
public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
}说明: 从源码中可知，acquireSharedInterruptibly又调用了CountDownLatch的内部类Sync的tryAcquireShared和AQS的doAcquireSharedInterruptibly函数。
protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
}这个方法有好多实现类,直接找对应CountDownLatch的实现类就可以看到具体实现.
说明: 该函数只是简单的判断AQS的state是否为0，为0则返回1，不为0则返回-1。
doAcquireSharedInterruptibly函数的源码如下:
private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}说明: 在AQS的doAcquireSharedInterruptibly中可能会再次调用CountDownLatch的内部类Sync的tryAcquireShared方法和AQS的setHeadAndPropagate方法。
setHeadAndPropagate方法源码如下
private void setHeadAndPropagate(Node node, int propagate) {
Node h = head; // Record old head for check below
setHead(node);
/*
* Try to signal next queued node if:
* Propagation was indicated by caller,
* or was recorded (as h.waitStatus either before
* or after setHead) by a previous operation
* (note: this uses sign-check of waitStatus because
* PROPAGATE status may transition to SIGNAL.)
* and
* The next node is waiting in shared mode,
* or we don't know, because it appears null
*
* The conservatism in both of these checks may cause
* unnecessary wake-ups, but only when there are multiple
* racing acquires/releases, so most need signals now or soon
* anyway.
*/
if (propagate > 0 || h == null || h.waitStatus < 0 ||
(h = head) == null || h.waitStatus < 0) {
Node s = node.next;
if (s == null || s.isShared())
doReleaseShared();
}
} private void setHead(Node node) {
head = node;
node.thread = null;
node.prev = null;
}说明: 该方法设置头节点并且释放头节点后面的满足条件的结点，该方法中可能会调用到AQS的doReleaseShared方法，其源码如下。
private void doReleaseShared() {
// 无限循环
for (;;) {
// 保存头节点
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h != tail) { // 头节点不为空并且头节点不为尾结点
// 获取头节点的等待状态
int ws = h.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) { // 状态为SIGNAL
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0)) // 不成功就继续
continue; // loop to recheck cases
// 释放后继结点
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
else if (ws == 0 &&
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE)) // 状态为0并且不成功，继续
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
if (h == head) // 若头节点改变，继续循环
break;
}
}
说明: 该方法在共享模式下释放.
CountDownLatch的await调用链
说明: 上图给出了可能会调用到的主要方法，并非一定会调用到，之后，会通过一个示例给出详细的分析。
核心函数 countDown函数
此函数将递减锁存器的计数，如果计数到达零，则释放所有等待的线程.
public void countDown() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}说明: 对countDown的调用转换为对Sync对象的releaseShared(从AQS继承而来)方法的调用。
releaseShared源码如下
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
doReleaseShared();
return true;
}
return false;
}说明: 此函数会以共享模式释放对象，并且在函数中会调用到CountDownLatch的tryReleaseShared函数，并且可能会调用AQS的doReleaseShared函数.
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
// Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (c == 0)
return false;
int nextc = c-1;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
return nextc == 0;
}
}
}tryReleaseShared函数的实现,根据State状态来判断返回true或者false来决定是否执行AQS的doReleaseShared函数.
AQS的doReleaseShared函数源码
private void doReleaseShared() {
// 无限循环
for (;;) {
// 保存头节点
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h != tail) { // 头节点不为空并且头节点不为尾结点
// 获取头节点的等待状态
int ws = h.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) { // 状态为SIGNAL
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0)) // 不成功就继续
continue; // loop to recheck cases
// 释放后继结点
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
else if (ws == 0 &&
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE)) // 状态为0并且不成功，继续
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
if (h == head) // 若头节点改变，继续循环
break;
}
}说明: 此函数在共享模式下释放资源。
说明: 上图给出了可能会调用到的主要方法，并非一定会调用到，之后，会通过一个示例给出详细的分析。
CountDownLatch示例
class MyThread extends Thread {
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
public MyThread(String name, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
super(name);
this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doing something");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " finish");
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(2);
MyThread t1 = new MyThread("t1", countDownLatch);
MyThread t2 = new MyThread("t2", countDownLatch);
t1.start();
t2.start();
System.out.println("Waiting for t1 thread and t2 thread to finish");
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " continue");
}
}执行结果
说明: 本程序首先计数器初始化为2。根据结果，可能会存在如下的一种时序图。
从运行结果可以看出来.主线程先创建线程t1 t2,然后启动线程,线程异步去执行countDown操作,主线程去执行await操作.当t1 和t2执行完成,唤醒主线程继续执行.
main线程执行countDownLatch.await操作，主要调用的函数如下。
单从调用逻辑来看,主线程最终被阻塞了.因为State状态不为零.
t1线程执行countDownLatch.countDown操作，主要调用的函数如下。
虽然节点个数没有发生变化,但是节点的状态已经进行了减一.
t2线程执行countDownLatch.countDown操作，主要调用的函数如下。
经过调用后，AQS的state为0，并且此时，main线程会被unpark，可以继续运行。当main线程获取cpu资源后，继续运行。
main线程获取cpu资源，继续运行，由于main线程是在parkAndCheckInterrupt函数中被禁止的，所以此时，继续在parkAndCheckInterrupt函数运行。
说明: main线程恢复，继续在parkAndCheckInterrupt函数中运行，之后又会回到最终达到的状态为AQS的state为0，并且head与tail指向同一个结点，该节点的额nextWaiter域还是指向SHARED结点.
整体流程就结束了.但是还是有些许感悟.
private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}这个方法内容整体上分为三部分吧.最直观明了的就是finally部分,如果抛出异常了.会走这里.
private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
// Ignore if node doesn't exist
if (node == null)
return;
node.thread = null;
// Skip cancelled predecessors
Node pred = node.prev;
while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
// predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will
// fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel
// or signal, so no further action is necessary.
Node predNext = pred.next;
// Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
// After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
// Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
// If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
} else {
// If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
// so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
int ws;
if (pred != head &&
((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
(ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
pred.thread != null) {
Node next = node.next;
if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
} else {
unparkSuccessor(node);
}
node.next = node; // help GC
}
}忽略主要逻辑,直接看unparkSuccessor方法.
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
/*
* If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try
* to clear in anticipation of signalling. It is OK if this
* fails or if status is changed by waiting thread.
*/
int ws = node.waitStatus;
if (ws < 0)
compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
/*
* Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally
* just the next node. But if cancelled or apparently null,
* traverse backwards from tail to find the actual
* non-cancelled successor.
*/
Node s = node.next;
if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
s = null;
for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
s = t;
}
if (s != null)
LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}释放被阻塞的线程.
满足条件的话,属于子任务执行比较快.不满足条件属于子任务执行比较慢.这是对任务的三种情况的一种考虑吧.有异常,子任务执行比主线程快,子任务比主线程执行慢.所以不得不佩服并发编程大师DogLea的技术之高.(有可能我的理解是错的,希望大家可以指点指点).
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