Django Setting的时区设置_django设置时区-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/m0_61786975/article/details/123016100

Django Setting里默认的时区是UTC(格林威治时间）

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_TZ = True

为了方便使用把它修改为北京时间，如下：

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_TZ = True

这样修改后出现一个问题，时区的设置只是对渲染html有效，models.DateTimeField仍然会将时间保存为UTC时间。测试验证如下：

1.在Django创建Mysite项目并下挂Blog（配置、代码省略），在Blog.Models中创建Post类。Post代码如下：

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Post(models.Model):
    STATUS_CHOICES = (('draft','Draft'),('published','Published'))
    title = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    slug=models.SlugField(max_length=250,unique_for_date='publish')
    author = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='blog_posts')
    body=models.TextField()
    publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    update = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    status = models.CharField(max_length=10,choices = STATUS_CHOICES,default='draft')
    objects = models.Manager()

在Post中设置了3个DateTimeField属性的字段，分别是publish,created,update。

2.在views中创建post_list

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Post


# Create your views here.
def post_list(request):
    posts = Post.published.all()
    return render(request,'blog/post/list.html',{'posts':posts})

3. 在blog/urls.py中配置路径

from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'blog'
urlpatterns = [
    #post views
    path('',views.post_list,name='post_list'),
]

4.在blog下创建templates文件夹，并创建base.html。接着在templates下创建blog文件夹，并在blog文件夹中创建list.html

base.html

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>
            {% block title %}{% endblock %}
        </title>
        <link href= "{% static 'blog.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="content">
            {% block content %}
            {% endblock %}
        </div>
        <div id = "sidebar">
            <h2>My blog</h2>
            <p>This is my blog</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

list.html

{% extends "blog/base.html" %}
{% block title %}My Blog{% endblock %}
{% block content %} 
    <h1>My Blog</h1>
    {% for post in posts %}
        <h2>
            <a href = "{{post.get_absolute_url}}">
                {{post.title}}
                {{post.publish}}
            </a>
        </h2>
        <p class = "date">
            Published {{post.publish}} by {{post.author}}
        </p>
        {{post.body|truncatewords:50|linebreaks}}
    {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

5. 修改Django自带的admin模块(blog/admin.py)，使之可以用于后台编写文章。

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post


# Register your models here.
@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display= ('title','slug','author','publish','status')
    list_filter = ('status','created','publish','author')
    search_fields = ('title','body')
    prepopulated_fields = {'slug':('title',)}
    raw_id_fields = ('author',)
    date_hierarchy = 'publish'
    ordering = ('status','publish')

6.启动本地服务器，在localhost:8000/admin编写测试文章

7.在localhost:8000/blog下查看文章，发现一切正常，时区是东8区（北京时间）

8.到python shell查看后台数据，问题出现了，在Post中created和publish字段保存的时间仍然是UTC时间。

>>> from blog.models import Post

>>> newpost=Post.objects.get(id=10)

>>> print("Created time is " +str(newpost.created))

Created time is 2022-02-19 03:13:43.407694+00:00

>>> print("Publish time is "+str(newpost.publish))

Publish time is 2022-02-19 03:08:53+00:00
>>>

这个问题带来的直接影响是后期用reverse()按日期反转url时，会因为日期不一致（差8小时）导致反转得到的url出错。因为reverse()通过request读到的是post_list渲染在html中posts对应字段的时间，即我们浏览器显示的时间。