一、栈
1.介绍
1)栈的英文为(stack)
2)栈是一个先入后出(FILO-FirstInLastOut)的有序列表。
3)栈(stack)是限制线性表中元素的插入和删除只能在线性表的同一端进行的一种特殊线性表。允许插入和删除的一端,为变化的一端,称为栈顶(Top),另一端为固定的一端,称为栈底(Bottom)。
4)根据栈的定义可知,最先放入栈中元素在栈底,最后放入的元素在栈顶,而删除元素刚好相反,最后放入的元素最先删除,最先放入的元素最后删除
5)图解方式说明出栈(pop)和入栈(push)的概念


2.应用场景
1)子程序的调用:在跳往子程序前,会先将下个指令的地址存到堆栈中,直到子程序执行完后再将地址取出,以回到原来的程序中。
2)处理递归调用:和子程序的调用类似,只是除了储存下一个指令的地址外,也将参数、区域变量等数据存入堆栈中。
3)表达式的转换[中缀表达式转后缀表达式]与求值(实际解决)。
4)二叉树的遍历。5)图形的深度优先(depth一first)搜索法。
3.数组模拟
用数组模拟栈的使用,由于栈是一种有序列表,当然可以使用数组的结构来储存栈的数据内容
package Day05;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ArrayStackTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayStack stack = new ArrayStack(4);
String key = "";
boolean loop = true;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while(loop) {
System.out.println("show: 表示显示栈");
System.out.println("exit: 退出程序");
System.out.println("push: 表示添加数据到栈(入栈)");
System.out.println("pop: 表示从栈取出数据(出栈)");
System.out.println("请输入你的选择");
key = scanner.next();
switch (key) {
case "show":
stack.list();
break;
case "push":
System.out.println("请输入一个数");
int value = scanner.nextInt();
stack.push(value);
break;
case "pop":
try {
int res = stack.pop();
System.out.printf("出栈的数据是 %d\n", res);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
break;
case "exit":
scanner.close();
loop = false;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
System.out.println("程序退出");
}
}
class ArrayStack {
private int maxSize;
private int[] stack;
private int top = -1;
public ArrayStack(int maxSize) {
this.maxSize = maxSize;
stack = new int[this.maxSize];
}
public boolean isFull() {
return top == maxSize - 1;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return top == -1;
}
public void push(int value) {
if(isFull()) {
System.out.println("栈满");
return;
}
top++;
stack[top] = value;
}
public int pop() {
if(isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("栈空,没有数据");
}
int value = stack[top];
top--;
return value;
}
public void list() {
if(isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("栈空,没有数据");
return;
}
for(int i = top; i >= 0 ; i--) {
System.out.printf("stack[%d]=%d\n", i, stack[i]);
}
}
}
4.栈实现综合计算器

package Day05;
public class Calculator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String expression = "7*2*2-5+1-5+3-4";
ArrayStack2 numStack = new ArrayStack2(10);
ArrayStack2 operStack = new ArrayStack2(10);
int index = 0;
int num1 = 0;
int num2 = 0;
int oper = 0;
int res = 0;
char ch = ' ';
String keepNum = "";
while(true) {
ch = expression.substring(index, index+1).charAt(0);
if(operStack.isOper(ch)) {
if(!operStack.isEmpty()) {
if(operStack.priority(ch) <= operStack.priority(operStack.peek())) {
num1 = numStack.pop();
num2 = numStack.pop();
oper = operStack.pop();
res = numStack.cal(num1, num2, oper);
numStack.push(res);
operStack.push(ch);
} else {
operStack.push(ch);
}
}else {
operStack.push(ch);
}
} else {
keepNum += ch;
if (index == expression.length() - 1) {
numStack.push(Integer.parseInt(keepNum));
}else{
if (operStack.isOper(expression.substring(index+1,index+2).charAt(0))) {
numStack.push(Integer.parseInt(keepNum));
keepNum = "";
}
}
}
index++;
if (index >= expression.length()) {
break;
}
}
while(true) {
if(operStack.isEmpty()) {
break;
}
num1 = numStack.pop();
num2 = numStack.pop();
oper = operStack.pop();
res = numStack.cal(num1, num2, oper);
numStack.push(res);
}
int res2 = numStack.pop();
System.out.printf("表达式 %s = %d", expression, res2);
}
}
class ArrayStack2 {
private int maxSize;
private int[] stack;
private int top = -1;
public ArrayStack2(int maxSize) {
this.maxSize = maxSize;
stack = new int[this.maxSize];
}
public int peek() {
return stack[top];
}
public boolean isFull() {
return top == maxSize - 1;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return top == -1;
}
public void push(int value) {
if(isFull()) {
System.out.println("栈满");
return;
}
top++;
stack[top] = value;
}
public int pop() {
if(isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("栈空,没有数据~");
}
int value = stack[top];
top--;
return value;
}
public void list() {
if(isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("栈空,没有数据~~");
return;
}
for(int i = top; i >= 0 ; i--) {
System.out.printf("stack[%d]=%d\n", i, stack[i]);
}
}
public int priority(int oper) {
if(oper == '*' || oper == '/'){
return 1;
} else if (oper == '+' || oper == '-') {
return 0;
} else {
return -1;
}
}
public boolean isOper(char val) {
return val == '+' || val == '-' || val == '*' || val == '/';
}
public int cal(int num1, int num2, int oper) {
int res = 0;
switch (oper) {
case '+':
res = num1 + num2;
break;
case '-':
res = num2 - num1;
break;
case '*':
res = num1 * num2;
break;
case '/':
res = num2 / num1;
break;
default:
break;
}
return res;
}
}