PyQt5：第七天-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/m0_52133556/article/details/128759841

博客主要介绍了Qt中的各类控件和对话框。控件包括按钮、单选按钮、复选框、下拉列表、滑块、计数器等；对话框有消息、字体、颜色、文件、输入等类型，还提及了各控件和对话框的父类与部分子类。

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PyQt5：第七天

按钮控件
单选按钮控件
复选框控件
下拉列表控件
滑块控件
计数器控件
对话框

按钮控件

父类：QAbstractButton
子类：QPushButton、AToolButton、QRadioButton、QCheckBox

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QPushButtonDemo(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('QPushButtonDemo')

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.button1 = QPushButton('第一个按钮')
        self.button1.setCheckable(True)
        self.button1.toggle()
        self.button1.clicked.connect(lambda:self.whichButton(self.button1))
        self.button1.clicked.connect(self.buttonState)

        self.button2 = QPushButton('图像按钮')
        self.button2.setIcon(QIcon(QPixmap('D:/PycharmProjects/pro2/th.jpg')))
        self.button2.setCheckable(True)
        self.button2.toggle()
        self.button2.clicked.connect(lambda: self.whichButton(self.button2))

        self.button3 = QPushButton('不可用的按钮')
        self.button3.setEnabled((False))

        self.button4 = QPushButton('&MyButton')
        self.button4.setDefault(True) # 一个窗口只能有一个
        self.button4.clicked.connect(lambda: self.whichButton(self.button4))

        layout.addWidget(self.button1)
        layout.addWidget(self.button2)
        layout.addWidget(self.button3)
        layout.addWidget(self.button4)

        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.resize(400,300)


    def whichButton(self, btn):
        print('被单击的按钮是<' + btn.text() + '>')
    def buttonState(self):
        if self.button1.isChecked():
            print('按钮已被选中')
        else:
            print('按钮未被选中')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QPushButtonDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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单选按钮控件

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QRadioButtonDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('QRadioButton')

        layout = QHBoxLayout()

        self.button1 = QRadioButton('单选按钮1')
        self.button1.setChecked(True)
        self.button1.toggled.connect(self.buttonState)

        self.button2 = QRadioButton('单选按钮2')
        self.button2.toggled.connect(self.buttonState)

        layout.addWidget(self.button1)
        layout.addWidget(self.button2)

        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.resize(300,200)


    def buttonState(self):
        radioButton = self.sender()
        if radioButton.text() == "单选按钮1":
            if radioButton.isChecked() == True:
                print(radioButton.text() + '被选中')
            else:
                print(radioButton.text() + '未被选中')
        if radioButton.text() == "单选按钮2":
            if radioButton.isChecked() == True:
                print(radioButton.text() + '被选中')
            else:
                print(radioButton.text() + '未被选中')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QRadioButtonDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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复选框控件

# QCheckBoxDemo
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QCheckBoxDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('复选框控件演示')

        layout = QHBoxLayout()

        self.checkBox1 = QCheckBox('复选框控件1')
        self.checkBox1.setChecked(True)
        self.checkBox1.stateChanged.connect(lambda:self.checkBoxState(self.checkBox1))
        layout.addWidget(self.checkBox1)
        self.checkBox2 = QCheckBox('复选框控件2')
        self.checkBox2.stateChanged.connect(lambda: self.checkBoxState(self.checkBox2))
        layout.addWidget(self.checkBox2)
        self.checkBox3 = QCheckBox('半选中')
        self.checkBox3.setTristate(True)
        self.checkBox3.setCheckState(Qt.PartiallyChecked)
        self.checkBox3.stateChanged.connect(lambda: self.checkBoxState(self.checkBox3))
        layout.addWidget(self.checkBox3)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def checkBoxState(self, ch):
        check1Status = self.checkBox1.text() + ', ischecked=' + str(self.checkBox1.isChecked()) + ',checkState=' + str(self.checkBox1.checkState()) + '\n'
        check2Status = self.checkBox2.text() + ', ischecked=' + str(self.checkBox2.isChecked()) + ',checkState=' + str(self.checkBox2.checkState()) + '\n'
        check3Status = self.checkBox3.text() + ', ischecked=' + str(self.checkBox3.isChecked()) + ',checkState=' + str(self.checkBox3.checkState()) + '\n'
        print(check1Status + check2Status + check3Status)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QCheckBoxDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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下拉列表控件

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QComboBoxDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('下拉列表控件演示')
        self.resize(300,100)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.label = QLabel('请选择编程语言')

        self.cb = QComboBox()
        self.cb.addItem('C++')
        self.cb.addItem('Python')
        self.cb.addItems(['C++','C#','Ruby'])

        self.cb.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.selectionChange)

        layout.addWidget(self.label)
        layout.addWidget(self.cb)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def selectionChange(self,i):
        self.label.setText(self.cb.currentText())
        self.label.adjustSize()

        for count in range(self.cb.count()):
            print('item' + str(count) + '=' + self.cb.itemText(count))
            print('current index', i, 'selection changed', self.cb.currentText())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QComboBoxDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述

滑块控件

# QSliderDemo
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QSliderDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('滑块控件演示')
        self.resize(300,100)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.label = QLabel('你好，PyQt5')
        self.label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)

        self.slider = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal)
        # 设置最小值
        self.slider.setMinimum(12)
        self.slider.setMaximum(48)
        # 设置步长
        self.slider.setSingleStep(3)
        # 设置当前值
        self.slider.setValue(18)
        # 设置刻度的位置
        self.slider.setTickPosition(QSlider.TicksBelow)
        # 设置刻度的间隔
        self.slider.setTickInterval(6)

        self.slider.valueChanged.connect(self.valueChange)

        layout.addWidget(self.label)
        layout.addWidget(self.slider)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def valueChange(self):
        print('当前值：%s' % self.slider.value())
        size = self.slider.value()
        self.label.setFont(QFont('Arial', size))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QSliderDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述

计数器控件

# QSpinBoxDemo
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QSpinBoxDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('计数器控件')
        self.resize(300,100)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.label = QLabel('QSpinBox演示')
        self.label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)

        self.sb = QSpinBox()
        self.sb.valueChanged.connect(self.valueChange)

        layout.addWidget(self.label)
        layout.addWidget(self.sb)
        
        self.setLayout(layout)

    def valueChange(self):
        self.label.setText('当前值：' + str(self.sb.value()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QSpinBoxDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述

对话框

父类：QDialog
子类：
QMessageBox（消息对话框）
QFontDialog（字体对话框）
QColorDialog（颜色对话框）
QFileDialog（文件对话框）
QInputDialog（输入对话框）

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QDialogDemo(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('通用对话框')
        self.resize(300, 200)

        self.button = QPushButton(self)
        self.button.setText('弹出对话框')
        self.button.move(50,50)
        self.button.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

    def showDialog(self):
        dialog = QDialog()
        button = QPushButton('关闭', dialog)
        button.clicked.connect(dialog.close)
        button.move(50,50)
        dialog.setWindowTitle('对话框')
        dialog.setWindowModality(Qt.ApplicationModal)

        dialog.exec()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QDialogDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述

消息对话框：
1、关于对话框
2、错误对话框
3、警告对话框
4、提问对话框
5、消息对话框

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QMessageBoxDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('消息对话框')
        self.resize(300, 600)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.button1 = QPushButton('显示关于对话框')
        self.button1.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        self.button2 = QPushButton('显示消息对话框')
        self.button2.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        self.button3 = QPushButton('显示警告对话框')
        self.button3.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        self.button4 = QPushButton('显示错误对话框')
        self.button4.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        self.button5 = QPushButton('显示提问对话框')
        self.button5.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        layout.addWidget(self.button1)
        layout.addWidget(self.button2)
        layout.addWidget(self.button3)
        layout.addWidget(self.button4)
        layout.addWidget(self.button5)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def showDialog(self):
        text = self.sender().text()
        if text == '显示关于对话框':
            QMessageBox.about(self, '关于', '这是一个关于对话框')
        elif text == '显示消息对话框':
            reply = QMessageBox.information(self, '消息', '这是一个消息对话框', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
            print(reply)
        elif text == '显示警告对话框':
            QMessageBox.warning(self, '警告', '这是一个警告对话框', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
        elif text == '显示错误对话框':
            QMessageBox.critical(self, '错误', '这是一个错误对话框', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
        elif text == '显示提问对话框':
            QMessageBox.question(self, '提问', '这是一个提问对话框', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QMessageBoxDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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输入对话框

# QInputDialogDemo
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QInputDialogDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('输入对话框')
        self.resize(300, 100)

        layout = QFormLayout()

        self.button1 = QPushButton('获取列表中的选项')
        self.button1.clicked.connect(self.getItem)
        self.lineEdit1 = QLineEdit()
        layout.addRow(self.button1, self.lineEdit1)

        self.button2 = QPushButton('获取列表中的字符串')
        self.button2.clicked.connect(self.getText)
        self.lineEdit2 = QLineEdit()
        layout.addRow(self.button2, self.lineEdit2)

        self.button3 = QPushButton('获取列表中的整数')
        self.button3.clicked.connect(self.getInt)
        self.lineEdit3 = QLineEdit()
        layout.addRow(self.button3, self.lineEdit3)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def getItem(self):
        items = ('C++','python','ruby','java')
        item,ok = QInputDialog.getItem(self, '请选择编程语言', '语言列表', items)
        if ok and item:
            self.lineEdit1.setText(item)
    def getText(self):
        text,ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, '文本输入框', '输入姓名')
        if ok and text:
            self.lineEdit2.setText(text)
    def getInt(self):
        num,ok = QInputDialog.getInt(self, '整数输入框', '输入数字')
        if ok and num:
            self.lineEdit3.setText(str(num))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QInputDialogDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述
字体对话框

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QFontDialogDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('字体对话框')

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.fontButton = QPushButton('选择字体')
        self.fontButton.clicked.connect(self.getFont)

        self.fontLabel = QLabel('Hello')

        layout.addWidget(self.fontButton)
        layout.addWidget(self.fontLabel)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def getFont(self):
        font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
        if ok:
            self.fontLabel.setFont(font)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QFontDialogDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述
颜色对话框

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QcolorDialogDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('颜色对话框')
        self.resize(300, 100)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.colorButton = QPushButton('选择颜色')
        self.colorButton.clicked.connect(self.getColor)

        self.colorButton1 = QPushButton('设置背景颜色')
        self.colorButton1.clicked.connect(self.getBGColor)

        self.colorLabel = QLabel('Hello')

        layout.addWidget(self.colorButton)
        layout.addWidget(self.colorButton1)
        layout.addWidget(self.colorLabel)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def getColor(self):
        color = QColorDialog.getColor()
        p = QPalette()
        p.setColor(QPalette.WindowText, color)
        self.colorLabel.setPalette(p)
    def getBGColor(self):
        color = QColorDialog.getColor()
        p = QPalette()
        p.setColor(QPalette.Window, color)
        self.colorLabel.setAutoFillBackground(True)
        self.colorLabel.setPalette(p)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QcolorDialogDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述
文件对话框

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

class QFileDialogDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('文件对话框')
        self.resize(300, 100)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.button1 = QPushButton('加载图片')
        self.button1.clicked.connect(self.loadImage)
        layout.addWidget(self.button1)

        self.imageLabel = QLabel()
        layout.addWidget(self.imageLabel)

        self.button2 = QPushButton('加载文本文件')
        self.button2.clicked.connect(self.loadText)
        layout.addWidget(self.button2)

        self.contents = QTextEdit()
        layout.addWidget(self.contents)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def loadImage(self):
        fname,_ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,'打开文件','.','图像文件(*.jpg *.png)')
        self.imageLabel.setPixmap(QPixmap(fname))

    def loadText(self):
        dialog = QFileDialog()
        dialog.setFileMode(QFileDialog.AnyFile)
        dialog.setFilter(QDir.Files)
        if dialog.exec():
            filenames = dialog.selectedFiles()
            f = open(filenames[0],encoding='utf-8',mode='r')
            with f:
                data = f.read()
                self.contents.setText(data)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = QFileDialogDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这里插入图片描述