Lock 與 Mutex 用法差別

Wilson(文正)

已于 2022-03-19 11:54:49 修改

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文章标签： c#

于 2022-03-19 11:47:40 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/m0_49661336/article/details/123591050

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这篇博客通过实例展示了 .NET 中 Lock 和 Mutex 的用法差异，以及它们在进程间互斥锁场景下的表现。测试结果显示，Mutex 能实现进程间的互斥锁，确保同一时间只有一个进程写入文件，而 Lock 无法实现此功能。Mutex 在多进程环境下能有效防止数据冲突，适合跨进程的资源同步，而 Lock 主要用于同一进程内的线程同步。

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.Net - Lock 與 Mutex 用法差別

測試兩者是否可以進程間互斥鎖

測試Mutex是否可以進程間互斥鎖：

使用兩個相同程式寫入同一個txt寫入測試，使用Mutex可以成功鎖住txt檔案
第一支程式寫入A，B英文字
第二支程式寫入C，D英文字

第一支程式架構

    
	private static ManualResetEvent resetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
	private static bool flag = false;
	private Mutex mutex = new Mutex(false, "WriteFile", out flag);
	
	
	public Form1()
	{
		InitializeComponent();
		
		new Thread(WriteFile_A).Start();
		new Thread(WriteFile_B).Start();
	}

	private void WriteFile_A()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	        mutex.WaitOne();
	        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
	        {
	            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("A");
	            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
	        }
	        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
	    }
	    
	}
	
	private void WriteFile_B()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	        mutex.WaitOne();
	        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
	        {
	            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("B");
	            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
	        }
	        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
	    }
	    
	}

第二支程式

    
	private static ManualResetEvent resetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
	private static bool flag = false;
	private Mutex mutex = new Mutex(false, "WriteFile", out flag);
	
	
	public Form1()
	{
		InitializeComponent();
		
		new Thread(WriteFile_C).Start();
		new Thread(WriteFile_D).Start();
	}

	private void WriteFile_C()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	        mutex.WaitOne();
	        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
	        {
	            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("C");
	            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
	        }
	        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
	    }
	    
	}
	
	private void WriteFile_D()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	        mutex.WaitOne();
	        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
	        {
	            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("D");
	            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
	        }
	        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
	    }
	    
	}

結果輸出 - 程式一、二都可以正常輸出

DBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBACDBAC

測試Lock是否可以進程間互斥鎖：

使用兩個相同程式寫入同一個txt寫入測試，使用Lock無法鎖住txt檔案
第一支程式寫入A，B英文字
第二支程式寫入C，D英文字

	private static object Lock_WriteFile = new object();
	public Form1()
	{
		InitializeComponent();
		
		new Thread(WriteFile_A).Start();
		new Thread(WriteFile_B).Start();
	}

	private void WriteFile_A()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	        lock(Lock_WriteFile)
	        {
		        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
		        {
		            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("A");
		            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
		        }
	        }
	    }
	    
	}
	
	private void WriteFile_B()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	         lock(Lock_WriteFile)
	        {
		        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
		        {
		            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("B");
		            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
		        }
	        }
	    }
	    
	}

第二支程式

    
	private static object Lock_WriteFile = new object();
	public Form1()
	{
		InitializeComponent();
		
		new Thread(WriteFile_C).Start();
		new Thread(WriteFile_D).Start();
	}

	private void WriteFile_C()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	        mutex.WaitOne();
	        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
	        {
	            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("C");
	            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
	        }
	        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
	    }
	    
	}
	
	private void WriteFile_D()
	{
	    while(true)
	    {
	        mutex.WaitOne();
	        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("D:\\123.txt", FileMode.Append))
	        {
	            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("D");
	            fs.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
	        }
	        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
	    }
	    
	}

結果輸出 - 只有程式二C或D輸出，程式一跳error

CDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDC