tetrahedron
Problem Description
Given four points ABCD, if ABCD is a tetrahedron(四面体), calculate the inscribed(内接) sphere(球) of ABCD.
Input
Multiple test cases (test cases ≤100 ).
Each test cases contains a line of 12 integers [−1e6,1e6] indicate the coordinates of four vertices of ABCD.
Input ends by EOF.
Output
Print the coordinate of the center of the sphere and the radius, rounded to 4 decimal places.
If there is no such sphere, output “O O O O”.
Sample Input
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0
0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0
Sample Output
0.4226 0.4226 0.4226 0.4226
O O O O
思路:
首先用叉积判断是否四点共面,若四点共面,则不能形成四面体。随后,利用四面体体积公式,海伦公式(求三角形面积),四面体内心公式,求出四面体的内切圆半径和内心。
设四个点是A、B、C、D,那么内切球的圆心可以表示为
||||代表欧几里德的范式,本质是求距离。
注意: 在||(b-a)(c-a)||d中,b-a是求两个点b和a的差,返回值ba点={b.x-a.x,
b.y-a.y,b.z-a.z}。同理,c-a是求两个点c和a的差,返回值ca点={c.x-a.x,
c.y-a.y,c.z-a.z}。(b-a)(c-a)是两个向量ba点和ca点的叉积,返回值baca点=
{(b.y-a.y)(c.z-a.z)-(c.y-a.y)(b.z-a.z),
(b.z-a.z)(c.x-a.x)-(b.x-a.x)(c.z-a.z),
(b.x-a.x)(c.y-a.y)-(b.y-a.y)(c.x-a.x)}
||(b-a)(c-a)||是求向量baca点的长度,返回值=,
= sqrt(((b.y-a.y)(c.z-a.z)-(c.y-a.y)(b.z-a.z))^2
+((b.z-a.z)(c.x-a.x)-(b.x-a.x)(c.z-a.z))^2
+( (b.x-a.x)(c.y-a.y)-(b.y-a.y)(c.x-a.x))^2),结果是一个常数e
||(b-a)(c-a)||d是求向量d的倍数乘积,返回值={e*d.x, e*d.y, e*d.z}
还差的函数:常数乘向量,向量加法。
半径r可以表示为
程序代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long ll;
typedef unsigned long ull;
#define MM(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a));
#define inf 0x7f7f7f7f
#define FOR(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define CT continue;
#define PF printf
#define SC scanf
const int mod=1000000007;
const int N=1e6+100;
int n,m,c[N],pre[N],sum[N],a[N],ans[N];
struct Point{
ll x,y,z;
void read()
{
scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&x,&y,&z);
}
}p[6];
/*两点相减,在||(b-a)*(c-a)||*d中,b-a是求两个点b和a的差,返回值ba点={b.x-a.x,b.y-a.y,b.z-a.z}
Point operator-(Point a,Point b)
{
return (Point){b.x-a.x,b.y-a.y,b.z-a.z};
}*/
Point operator-(Point a,Point b)
{
Point m;
m.x=b.x-a.x;
m.y=b.y-a.y;
m.z=b.z-a.z;
return m;
}
/*两点叉积,(b-a)*(c-a),ba,ca的叉积,{a.y*b.z-b.y*a.z,a.z*b.x-a.x*b.z,a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x}
Point cross(Point a,Point b)
{
return (Point){a.y*b.z-b.y*a.z,a.z*b.x-a.x*b.z,a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x};
}*/
Point cross(Point a,Point b)
{
Point n;
n.x=a.y*b.z-b.y*a.z;
n.y=a.z*b.x-a.x*b.z;
n.z=a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x;
return n;
}
//点到原点的距离,||(b-a)*(c-a)||是求向量baca点的长度,结果是一个常数,||·||欧几里得的范式,本质是求距离
double dis(Point a)
{
return sqrt(a.x*a.x+a.y*a.y+a.z*a.z);
}
//两个向量的点积
double dot(Point a,Point b)
{
return a.x*b.x+a.y*b.y+a.z*b.z;
}
//判断是否共面,共面dot(m,c-a)为0
double pointtoface(Point c,Point a,Point b,Point d)
{
Point m=cross(b-a,d-a);
return dot(m,c-a)/dis(m);
}//三维几何中点到面的距离利用 向量a*向量b=|a|*|b|cos(ang)
int main()
{
long double s[5];
//输入四个点的坐标
while(~scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&p[1].x,&p[1].y,&p[1].z))
{
p[2].read();
p[3].read();
p[4].read();
//判断是否共面,(b-a)*(c-a)与d求点积,点积为0则共面
if(dot(cross(p[2]-p[1],p[3]-p[1]),p[4])==0)
{printf("O O O O\n");
CT;}
double ts=0;
//求面积
//(c-b)*(d-b)
s[1]=dis(cross(p[3]-p[2],p[4]-p[2]))/2;
//(c-a)*(d-a)
s[2]=dis(cross(p[3]-p[1],p[4]-p[1]))/2;
//(b-a)*(d-a)
s[3]=dis(cross(p[2]-p[1],p[4]-p[1]))/2;
//(c-a)*(b-a)
s[4]=dis(cross(p[3]-p[1],p[2]-p[1]))/2;
printf("%f %f %f %f \n",s[1],s[2],s[3],s[4]);
//求面积和
for(int i=1;i<=4;i++)
ts+=s[i];
//求高
double h=pointtoface(p[3],p[1],p[2],p[4]);
double r=fabs(s[3]/ts*h);
//求坐标
double x=(s[1]*p[1].x+s[2]*p[2].x+s[3]*p[3].x+s[4]*p[4].x)/ts;
double y=(s[1]*p[1].y+s[2]*p[2].y+s[3]*p[3].y+s[4]*p[4].y)/ts;
double z=(s[1]*p[1].z+s[2]*p[2].z+s[3]*p[3].z+s[4]*p[4].z)/ts;
printf("%.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f\n",ts,x,y,z,r);
}
return 0;
}