系统架构设计与相关阶段的关系
-
与需求工程： 架构设计是需求（尤其是非功能需求）的实现方案。需求是架构设计的输入，架构设计的结果也可能反过来影响或澄清需求。
-
与软件概要设计： 有时这两个术语会混用或界限模糊。更精细的区分是：架构设计更宏观、更关注整体结构和全局决策（如技术栈、整体风格、核心组件交互），而概要设计则在架构约束下，进一步细化每个子系统/模块的内部结构（如模块划分、关键类、主要数据结构、模块间接口细节），为详细设计铺路。
-
与详细设计： 详细设计在概要设计（或架构设计）的基础上，深入到每个模块/类/函数的具体实现细节（算法、数据结构细节、精确的接口定义、数据库表设计等）。架构设计为详细设计划定边界和提供约束。
-
与实现（编码）： 架构设计指导编码，定义了代码的组织结构、交互方式和必须遵守的规则。
-
与测试： 架构设计影响测试策略（如集成测试策略、性能测试方案、安全测试范围）。架构的清晰性（如模块化、接口定义明确）也直接影响可测试性。
通过一个具体的例子来阐述系统架构设计与相关阶段的关系。假设要开发一个简单的电商系统，包含用户管理、商品管理和订单管理功能。将使用Java语言和Spring Boot框架，并采用微服务架构风格。
1. 与需求工程
需求工程阶段：收集和分析需求，包括功能性和非功能性需求。
示例：
-
功能性需求：用户注册、登录、浏览商品、下单、支付。
-
非功能性需求：系统需要支持每秒10000个并发请求（性能），系统可用性达到99.99%（可用性），系统需要保证数据的安全性（安全性）。
架构设计阶段：根据需求设计实现方案。例如，为了满足高性能和高并发的需求，我们选择微服务架构，每个服务可以独立扩展；为了满足高可用性，我们采用负载均衡和故障转移机制；为了满足安全性，我们设计认证和授权机制，使用HTTPS等。
影响：在架构设计过程中，我们可能会发现某些需求不明确或不可行，从而反过来影响需求。例如，架构师可能会指出，在给定的预算下，无法同时满足每秒10000个并发和99.99%的可用性，需要调整需求。
2. 与软件概要设计
架构设计：确定系统整体结构，例如，我们将系统拆分为用户服务、商品服务、订单服务、支付服务等。每个服务独立部署，通过REST API或消息队列进行通信。同时，我们确定使用Spring Cloud作为微服务框架，使用Eureka作为服务注册中心，使用Zuul作为API网关。
概要设计：在架构设计的约束下，进一步细化每个服务的内部结构。例如，对于订单服务，我们设计订单模块、订单项模块、订单状态模块等。我们定义每个模块的职责，以及模块之间的接口。但是，我们不涉及具体的类和方法实现细节。
示例：订单服务的概要设计可能包括：
-
订单模块：负责订单的创建、查询、取消。
-
订单项模块：负责订单项的管理。
-
订单状态模块：负责订单状态的变化。
3. 与详细设计
详细设计：在概要设计的基础上，深入到每个模块的具体实现细节。例如，订单模块中，我们设计Order类、OrderService类、OrderRepository类等。我们定义每个类的属性和方法，以及方法的具体算法和流程。
示例：Order类的详细设计：
public class Order {
private Long orderId;
private Long userId;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems;
private BigDecimal totalAmount;
private OrderStatus status;
private LocalDateTime createTime;
// 构造方法、getter和setter
}
OrderService类的详细设计：
public interface OrderService {
Order createOrder(Long userId, List<OrderItem> orderItems);
Order getOrder(Long orderId);
void cancelOrder(Long orderId);
// 其他方法
}
同时，设计数据库表结构，例如订单表、订单项表。
4. 与实现（编码）
实现阶段：根据详细设计编写代码。例如，实现OrderService接口：
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderRepository orderRepository;
@Override
public Order createOrder(Long userId, List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
// 计算总金额
BigDecimal totalAmount = calculateTotal(orderItems);
// 创建订单
Order order = new Order();
order.setUserId(userId);
order.setOrderItems(orderItems);
order.setTotalAmount(totalAmount);
order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CREATED);
order.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
// 保存订单
return orderRepository.save(order);
}
private BigDecimal calculateTotal(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
// 计算逻辑
}
// 其他方法实现
}
5. 与测试
测试阶段：根据架构设计和详细设计制定测试策略。例如，由于采用了微服务架构，我们需要进行单元测试、集成测试和端到端测试。每个服务需要独立测试，同时测试服务之间的交互。
示例：订单服务的单元测试：
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class OrderServiceTest {
@Mock
private OrderRepository orderRepository;
@InjectMocks
private OrderServiceImpl orderService;
@Test
public void testCreateOrder() {
// 准备测试数据
Long userId = 1L;
List<OrderItem> orderItems = Arrays.asList(new OrderItem());
// 模拟repository行为
when(orderRepository.save(any(Order.class))).thenReturn(new Order());
// 调用被测试方法
Order order = orderService.createOrder(userId, orderItems);
// 验证结果
assertNotNull(order);
verify(orderRepository, times(1)).save(any(Order.class));
}
}
集成测试：测试订单服务与商品服务的交互，例如，创建订单时需要检查商品库存。
端到端测试：模拟用户从浏览商品到下单的完整流程。
概述总结
通过以上示例，可以看到架构设计与各个阶段的关系：
-
需求工程：架构设计将非功能性需求转化为具体的架构决策。
-
概要设计：在架构设计确定的整体结构下，细化每个子系统（服务）的内部模块设计。
-
详细设计：在概要设计的基础上，设计每个模块的详细类结构、方法、数据库表等。
-
实现：根据详细设计编写代码，实现每个类和方法。
-
测试：根据架构设计和详细设计，制定不同层次的测试策略，确保系统满足需求。
每个阶段都依赖于前一个阶段的输出，同时也有可能反过来影响前一个阶段。例如，在详细设计或实现阶段，如果发现架构设计存在缺陷，可能需要调整架构设计。因此，这些阶段往往是迭代进行的。
下面将通过一个完整的电商系统开发案例，详细说明系统架构设计与各阶段的关系。
1. 与需求工程的关系
UML示例 - 需求到架构的映射
Python实现 - 需求到架构的映射
# requirements_to_architecture.py
"""
需求工程与架构设计的双向影响
"""
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set
from enum import Enum
import traceback
class RequirementType(Enum):
FUNCTIONAL = "functional"
NON_FUNCTIONAL = "non-functional"
CONSTRAINT = "constraint"
@dataclass
class Requirement:
"""需求基类"""
id: str
description: str
priority: int # 1-5
source: str
status: str = "proposed" # proposed, approved, implemented, rejected
class NonFunctionalRequirement(Requirement):
"""非功能性需求"""
metric: str
target_value: float
measurement_method: str
architectural_impact: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
class Constraint(Requirement):
"""约束条件"""
constraint_type: str # technical, business, legal, etc.
rationale: str
architectural_implication: str
class ArchitectureDecision:
"""架构决策"""
def __init__(self, id: str, description: str,
requirements_addressed: List[str],
alternatives_considered: List[str],
justification: str):
self.id = id
self.description = description
self.requirements_addressed = requirements_addressed
self.alternatives_considered = alternatives_considered
self.justification = justification
self.implications = []
self.new_requirements = [] # 架构决策可能产生的新需求
class RequirementsEngineering:
"""需求工程管理"""
def __init__(self):
self.requirements: Dict[str, Requirement] = {}
self.architecture_decisions: List[ArchitectureDecision] = []
self.traceability_matrix: Dict[str, List[str]] = {} # 需求->架构决策的映射
def analyze_impact_on_architecture(self, requirement: Requirement) -> Dict[str, any]:
"""分析需求对架构的影响"""
impact = {
"requirement": requirement.id,
"architectural_impact": [],
"complexity": 0,
"cost_impact": "low",
"technical_risks": []
}
if isinstance(requirement, NonFunctionalRequirement):
# 分析非功能性需求的架构影响
if "性能" in requirement.description or "response" in requirement.description.lower():
impact["architectural_impact"].extend([
"需要设计缓存策略",
"需要考虑异步处理",
"可能需要负载均衡"
])
impact["complexity"] += 2
if "可用性" in requirement.description or "availability" in requirement.description.lower():
impact["architectural_impact"].extend([
"需要冗余设计",
"需要故障转移机制",
"需要监控和告警"
])
impact["complexity"] += 3
if "安全" in requirement.description or "security" in requirement.description.lower():
impact["architectural_impact"].extend([
"需要认证授权机制",
"需要安全审计",
"需要数据加密"
])
impact["complexity"] += 2
impact["technical_risks"].append("安全实现不当可能导致漏洞")
elif isinstance(requirement, Constraint):
# 分析约束条件的架构影响
impact["architectural_impact"].append(requirement.architectural_implication)
if "成本" in requirement.description:
impact["cost_impact"] = "high"
if "技术" in requirement.constraint_type:
impact["technical_risks"].append("技术约束可能限制架构选择")
return impact
def create_architecture_decision(self, decision: ArchitectureDecision):
"""创建架构决策并分析对需求的影响"""
self.architecture_decisions.append(decision)
# 验证架构决策是否满足相关需求
for req_id in decision.requirements_addressed:
if req_id in self.requirements:
requirement = self.requirements[req_id]
# 检查架构决策是否可能产生新需求
self._identify_new_requirements_from_decision(decision, requirement)
# 更新追溯矩阵
for req_id in decision.requirements_addressed:
if req_id not in self.traceability_matrix:
self.traceability_matrix[req_id] = []
self.traceability_matrix[req_id].append(decision.id)
def _identify_new_requirements_from_decision(self,
decision: ArchitectureDecision,
requirement: Requirement):
"""从架构决策识别新需求"""
# 示例：如果架构决策是采用微服务，可能需要新的需求
if "微服务" in decision.description:
# 微服务架构可能需要服务发现、配置管理等新需求
new_req = NonFunctionalRequirement(
id=f"NF-{len(self.requirements)+1:03d}",
description="系统需要支持服务注册与发现",
priority=3,
source="架构决策衍生",
metric="服务发现延迟",
target_value=100, # ms
measurement_method="监控系统测量",
architectural_impact=["需要服务注册中心", "需要健康检查机制"]
)
if new_req.id not in self.requirements:
self.requirements[new_req.id] = new_req
decision.new_requirements.append(new_req.id)
print(f"架构决策 {decision.id} 衍生出新需求: {new_req.id}")
def validate_architecture_against_requirements(self) -> Dict[str, any]:
"""验证架构是否满足所有需求"""
validation_result = {
"satisfied": [],
"partially_satisfied": [],
"unsatisfied": [],
"new_requirements_generated": []
}
# 检查每个需求是否有对应的架构决策
for req_id, requirement in self.requirements.items():
if req_id in self.traceability_matrix:
decisions = self.traceability_matrix[req_id]
# 简单检查：如果有至少一个架构决策，认为需求被满足
validation_result["satisfied"].append({
"requirement": req_id,
"decisions": decisions
})
else:
validation_result["unsatisfied"].append(req_id)
# 检查架构决策产生的新需求
for decision in self.architecture_decisions:
validation_result["new_requirements_generated"].extend(decision.new_requirements)
return validation_result
def generate_traceability_report(self) -> str:
"""生成需求到架构的追溯报告"""
report = "需求-架构追溯矩阵\n"
report += "=" * 50 + "\n\n"
for req_id, decisions in self.traceability_matrix.items():
requirement = self.requirements.get(req_id, None)
if requirement:
report += f"需求 {req_id}: {requirement.description}\n"
report += f"优先级: {requirement.priority}\n"
report += f"状态: {requirement.status}\n"
report += "相关的架构决策:\n"
for dec_id in decisions:
# 查找决策
decision = next((d for d in self.architecture_decisions
if d.id == dec_id), None)
if decision:
report += f" - {dec_id}: {decision.description}\n"
report += "\n"
return report
# 示例：电商系统需求到架构的映射
def demonstrate_requirements_to_architecture():
"""演示需求工程与架构设计的关系"""
req_eng = RequirementsEngineering()
# 1. 定义需求
nfr_performance = NonFunctionalRequirement(
id="NF-001",
description="系统必须支持每秒10000个并发请求",
priority=5,
source="业务需求",
metric="请求/秒",
target_value=10000,
measurement_method="压力测试",
architectural_impact=["需要水平扩展", "需要负载均衡", "需要缓存策略"]
)
nfr_availability = NonFunctionalRequirement(
id="NF-002",
description="系统可用性必须达到99.99%",
priority=5,
source="SLA要求",
metric="可用性百分比",
target_value=99.99,
measurement_method="监控系统测量",
architectural_impact=["需要冗余设计", "需要自动故障转移", "需要健康检查"]
)
constraint_aws = Constraint(
id="C-001",
description="必须使用AWS云平台",
priority=4,
source="公司政策",
constraint_type="technical",
rationale="公司与AWS有企业协议",
architectural_implication="架构设计必须基于AWS服务"
)
# 添加需求
req_eng.requirements = {
nfr_performance.id: nfr_performance,
nfr_availability.id: nfr_availability,
constraint_aws.id: constraint_aws
}
# 2. 分析需求对架构的影响
print("需求对架构的影响分析:")
for req_id, requirement in req_eng.requirements.items():
impact = req_eng.analyze_impact_on_architecture(requirement)
print(f"\n{req_id}: {requirement.description}")
print(f"架构影响: {impact['architectural_impact']}")
# 3. 基于需求创建架构决策
decision1 = ArchitectureDecision(
id="AD-001",
description="采用微服务架构，每个业务域独立部署",
requirements_addressed=["NF-001", "NF-002"],
alternatives_considered=["单体架构", "分层架构"],
justification="微服务支持独立扩展和高可用性"
)
decision2 = ArchitectureDecision(
id="AD-002",
description="使用AWS ECS/EKS进行容器化部署",
requirements_addressed=["C-001", "NF-001"],
alternatives_considered=["自建Kubernetes", "传统虚拟机部署"],
justification="AWS容器服务提供良好的扩展性和管理便利性"
)
decision3 = ArchitectureDecision(
id="AD-003",
description="使用ElastiCache作为Redis缓存服务",
requirements_addressed=["NF-001"],
alternatives_considered=["自建Redis", "使用Memcached"],
justification="AWS托管服务减少运维负担，提供高可用性"
)
# 记录架构决策
req_eng.create_architecture_decision(decision1)
req_eng.create_architecture_decision(decision2)
req_eng.create_architecture_decision(decision3)
# 4. 验证架构是否满足需求
validation = req_eng.validate_architecture_against_requirements()
print(f"\n架构验证结果:")
print(f"满足的需求数: {len(validation['satisfied'])}")
print(f"未满足的需求: {validation['unsatisfied']}")
print(f"新产生的需求: {validation['new_requirements_generated']}")
# 5. 生成追溯报告
report = req_eng.generate_traceability_report()
print(f"\n{report}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
demonstrate_requirements_to_architecture()
2. 与软件概要设计的关系
UML示例 - 架构到概要设计的细化
classDiagram
namespace "架构设计" {
class Architecture {
+style: String
+components: List~Component~
+interfaces: List~Interface~
}
class Component {
+name: String
+responsibilities: List~String~
+dependencies: List~Component~
}
class Interface {
+name: String
+protocol: String
+dataFormat: String
}
}
namespace "概要设计" {
class Subsystem {
+name: String
+modules: List~Module~
+internalInterfaces: List~InternalInterface~
}
class Module {
+name: String
+classes: List~Class~
+dataStructures: List~DataStructure~
}
class InternalInterface {
+name: String
+methods: List~Method~
+parameters: List~Parameter~
}
}
Architecture --> Subsystem : 分解为
Component --> Module : 细化为
Interface --> InternalInterface : 精化为
Java实现 - 从架构到概要设计
// ArchitectureToHighLevelDesign.java
package ecommerce.design;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
/**
* 展示从架构设计到概要设计的转换过程
*/
public class ArchitectureToHighLevelDesign {
// ================= 架构设计层 =================
/**
* 架构组件 - 架构设计层
*/
public static class ArchitectureComponent {
private final String id;
private final String name;
private final ComponentType type;
private final List<String> responsibilities;
private final List<ArchitectureInterface> interfaces;
private final List<String> dependencies;
public ArchitectureComponent(String id, String name, ComponentType type) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.type = type;
this.responsibilities = new ArrayList<>();
this.interfaces = new ArrayList<>();
this.dependencies = new ArrayList<>();
}
public void addResponsibility(String responsibility) {
responsibilities.add(responsibility);
}
public void addInterface(ArchitectureInterface iface) {
interfaces.add(iface);
}
public void addDependency(String componentId) {
dependencies.add(componentId);
}
// Getters
public String getId() { return id; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public List<String> getResponsibilities() { return responsibilities; }
public List<ArchitectureInterface> getInterfaces() { return interfaces; }
/**
* 将架构组件转换为概要设计的子系统
*/
public Subsystem toSubsystem() {
Subsystem subsystem = new Subsystem(id, name);
// 根据职责划分模块
Map<String, List<String>> moduleResponsibilities =
groupResponsibilitiesIntoModules();
// 创建模块
for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : moduleResponsibilities.entrySet()) {
String moduleName = entry.getKey();
List<String> moduleResp = entry.getValue();
Module module = new Module(moduleName);
module.setResponsibilities(moduleResp);
subsystem.addModule(module);
}
// 将架构接口转换为内部接口
for (ArchitectureInterface archIface : interfaces) {
InternalInterface internalIface = archIface.toInternalInterface();
subsystem.addInternalInterface(internalIface);
}
return subsystem;
}
private Map<String, List<String>> groupResponsibilitiesIntoModules() {
// 简单的基于职责关键词的模块划分
Map<String, List<String>> modules = new HashMap<>();
for (String resp : responsibilities) {
String moduleName = determineModuleFromResponsibility(resp);
modules.computeIfAbsent(moduleName, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(resp);
}
return modules;
}
private String determineModuleFromResponsibility(String responsibility) {
if (responsibility.contains("管理") || responsibility.contains("Manager")) {
return "管理模块";
} else if (responsibility.contains("服务") || responsibility.contains("Service")) {
return "服务模块";
} else if (responsibility.contains("存储") || responsibility.contains("Repository")) {
return "存储模块";
} else if (responsibility.contains("控制") || responsibility.contains("Controller")) {
return "控制模块";
} else {
return "核心模块";
}
}
}
/**
* 架构接口 - 架构设计层
*/
public static class ArchitectureInterface {
private final String name;
private final String protocol;
private final String dataFormat;
private final String description;
public ArchitectureInterface(String name, String protocol, String dataFormat, String description) {
this.name = name;
this.protocol = protocol;
this.dataFormat = dataFormat;
this.description = description;
}
/**
* 将架构接口转换为概要设计的内部接口
*/
public InternalInterface toInternalInterface() {
InternalInterface internalIface = new InternalInterface(name);
internalIface.setDescription(description);
// 基于协议和数据格式定义方法
List<Method> methods = defineMethodsFromProtocol();
internalIface.setMethods(methods);
return internalIface;
}
private List<Method> defineMethodsFromProtocol() {
List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<>();
if ("REST".equalsIgnoreCase(protocol)) {
// REST接口通常有CRUD方法
methods.add(new Method("create", "创建资源", Arrays.asList("data"), dataFormat));
methods.add(new Method("getById", "根据ID获取资源", Arrays.asList("id"), dataFormat));
methods.add(new Method("update", "更新资源", Arrays.asList("id", "data"), dataFormat));
methods.add(new Method("delete", "删除资源", Arrays.asList("id"), "void"));
methods.add(new Method("search", "搜索资源", Arrays.asList("criteria"), dataFormat));
} else if ("gRPC".equalsIgnoreCase(protocol)) {
// gRPC接口通常是特定操作
methods.add(new Method("invoke", "调用服务", Arrays.asList("request"), "response"));
}
return methods;
}
}
public enum ComponentType {
SERVICE, DATABASE, MESSAGE_QUEUE, CACHE, API_GATEWAY
}
// ================= 概要设计层 =================
/**
* 子系统 - 概要设计层
*/
public static class Subsystem {
private final String id;
private final String name;
private final List<Module> modules;
private final List<InternalInterface> internalInterfaces;
private final Map<String, DataStructure> dataStructures;
public Subsystem(String id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.modules = new ArrayList<>();
this.internalInterfaces = new ArrayList<>();
this.dataStructures = new HashMap<>();
}
public void addModule(Module module) {
modules.add(module);
}
public void addInternalInterface(InternalInterface iface) {
internalInterfaces.add(iface);
}
public void addDataStructure(DataStructure ds) {
dataStructures.put(ds.getName(), ds);
}
public void refineFromArchitecture(ArchitectureComponent archComponent) {
System.out.println("细化架构组件到子系统: " + archComponent.getName());
// 1. 识别关键数据结构
identifyKeyDataStructures(archComponent);
// 2. 为每个模块定义关键类
for (Module module : modules) {
module.defineKeyClasses();
}
// 3. 精化接口定义
refineInterfaceDefinitions();
System.out.println("子系统设计完成: " + name);
System.out.println("包含模块: " + modules.size());
System.out.println("接口数量: " + internalInterfaces.size());
}
private void identifyKeyDataStructures(ArchitectureComponent component) {
// 基于组件类型识别关键数据结构
switch (component.getType()) {
case SERVICE:
addDataStructure(new DataStructure("RequestDTO", "请求数据传输对象"));
addDataStructure(new DataStructure("ResponseDTO", "响应数据传输对象"));
addDataStructure(new DataStructure("DomainEntity", "领域实体"));
break;
case DATABASE:
addDataStructure(new DataStructure("TableSchema", "数据库表结构"));
addDataStructure(new DataStructure("IndexDefinition", "索引定义"));
break;
case MESSAGE_QUEUE:
addDataStructure(new DataStructure("Message", "消息结构"));
addDataStructure(new DataStructure("QueueConfig", "队列配置"));
break;
}
}
private void refineInterfaceDefinitions() {
for (InternalInterface iface : internalInterfaces) {
iface.refineMethods();
}
}
// Getters
public String getName() { return name; }
public List<Module> getModules() { return modules; }
public List<InternalInterface> getInternalInterfaces() { return internalInterfaces; }
public void printDesign() {
System.out.println("\n=== 子系统设计: " + name + " ===");
System.out.println("\n模块:");
for (Module module : modules) {
System.out.println(" - " + module.getName());
System.out.println(" 职责: " + module.getResponsibilities());
System.out.println(" 关键类: " + module.getKeyClasses());
}
System.out.println("\n关键数据结构:");
for (DataStructure ds : dataStructures.values()) {
System.out.println(" - " + ds.getName() + ": " + ds.getDescription());
}
System.out.println("\n接口:");
for (InternalInterface iface : internalInterfaces) {
iface.printInterface();
}
}
}
/**
* 模块 - 概要设计层
*/
public static class Module {
private final String name;
private List<String> responsibilities;
private List<String> keyClasses;
public Module(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.responsibilities = new ArrayList<>();
this.keyClasses = new ArrayList<>();
}
public void setResponsibilities(List<String> responsibilities) {
this.responsibilities = responsibilities;
}
public void defineKeyClasses() {
// 基于职责定义关键类
for (String resp : responsibilities) {
if (resp.contains("管理") || resp.contains("管理")) {
keyClasses.add(name + "Manager");
}
if (resp.contains("服务") || resp.contains("Service")) {
keyClasses.add(name + "Service");
}
if (resp.contains("存储") || resp.contains("Repository")) {
keyClasses.add(name + "Repository");
}
if (resp.contains("控制") || resp.contains("Controller")) {
keyClasses.add(name + "Controller");
}
}
// 去重
keyClasses = new ArrayList<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(keyClasses));
}
// Getters
public String getName() { return name; }
public List<String> getResponsibilities() { return responsibilities; }
public List<String> getKeyClasses() { return keyClasses; }
}
/**
* 内部接口 - 概要设计层
*/
public static class InternalInterface {
private final String name;
private String description;
private List<Method> methods;
public InternalInterface(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.methods = new ArrayList<>();
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public void setMethods(List<Method> methods) {
this.methods = methods;
}
public void refineMethods() {
// 精化方法定义，添加参数类型和返回类型
for (Method method : methods) {
method.refineParameters();
}
}
public void printInterface() {
System.out.println(" - " + name + ": " + description);
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println(" * " + method.signature());
}
}
}
/**
* 方法定义
*/
public static class Method {
private final String name;
private String description;
private List<String> parameters;
private String returnType;
private Map<String, String> parameterTypes;
public Method(String name, String description, List<String> parameters, String returnType) {
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
this.parameters = parameters;
this.returnType = returnType;
this.parameterTypes = new HashMap<>();
}
public void refineParameters() {
// 为参数定义类型
for (String param : parameters) {
if (param.equals("id")) {
parameterTypes.put(param, "String");
} else if (param.equals("data")) {
parameterTypes.put(param, "Object");
} else if (param.equals("criteria")) {
parameterTypes.put(param, "Map<String, Object>");
} else if (param.equals("request")) {
parameterTypes.put(param, "Request");
} else {
parameterTypes.put(param, "Object");
}
}
}
public String signature() {
String params = parameters.stream()
.map(p -> parameterTypes.getOrDefault(p, "Object") + " " + p)
.collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
return returnType + " " + name + "(" + params + ")";
}
}
/**
* 数据结构定义
*/
public static class DataStructure {
private final String name;
private final String description;
public DataStructure(String name, String description) {
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
}
// Getters
public String getName() { return name; }
public String getDescription() { return description; }
}
// ================= 示例 =================
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("架构设计到概要设计的转换示例");
System.out.println("=".repeat(50));
// 1. 创建架构层的组件
ArchitectureComponent orderService = new ArchitectureComponent(
"order-service", "订单服务", ComponentType.SERVICE);
orderService.addResponsibility("订单创建与管理");
orderService.addResponsibility("订单状态跟踪");
orderService.addResponsibility("库存验证");
orderService.addResponsibility("支付处理协调");
ArchitectureInterface restApi = new ArchitectureInterface(
"OrderAPI", "REST", "JSON", "订单服务REST API");
orderService.addInterface(restApi);
// 2. 转换为概要设计的子系统
Subsystem orderSubsystem = orderService.toSubsystem();
// 3. 精化子系统设计
orderSubsystem.refineFromArchitecture(orderService);
// 4. 打印概要设计
orderSubsystem.printDesign();
System.out.println("\n设计过程总结:");
System.out.println("1. 架构设计定义了组件的职责和外部接口");
System.out.println("2. 概要设计将组件分解为模块，定义内部结构和数据结构");
System.out.println("3. 概要设计为详细设计提供了明确的边界和约束");
}
}
3. 与详细设计的关系
UML示例 - 从概要设计到详细设计
classDiagram
namespace "概要设计" {
class Subsystem {
+modules: List~Module~
+interfaces: List~InternalInterface~
}
class Module {
+keyClasses: List~String~
+responsibilities: List~String~
}
class InternalInterface {
+methods: List~Method~
}
}
namespace "详细设计" {
class DetailedClass {
+name: String
+fields: List~Field~
+methods: List~DetailedMethod~
+constructors: List~Constructor~
}
class Field {
+name: String
+type: String
+visibility: String
+defaultValue: any
}
class DetailedMethod {
+name: String
+parameters: List~Parameter~
+returnType: String
+algorithm: String
+complexity: String
}
class DatabaseTable {
+name: String
+columns: List~Column~
+indexes: List~Index~
+constraints: List~Constraint~
}
}
Module --> DetailedClass : 实现为
InternalInterface --> DetailedClass : 分配到
DetailedClass --> DatabaseTable : 映射到
C++实现 - 详细设计示例
// detailed_design.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
namespace ArchitectureDesign {
// ================= 详细设计：类设计 =================
/**
* 字段定义
*/
class Field {
public:
Field(const std::string& name, const std::string& type,
const std::string& visibility = "private",
const std::string& defaultValue = "")
: name_(name), type_(type), visibility_(visibility),
defaultValue_(defaultValue) {}
std::string getDeclaration() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << visibility_ << " " << type_ << " " << name_;
if (!defaultValue_.empty()) {
ss << " = " << defaultValue_;
}
ss << ";";
return ss.str();
}
std::string getName() const { return name_; }
std::string getType() const { return type_; }
private:
std::string name_;
std::string type_;
std::string visibility_;
std::string defaultValue_;
};
/**
* 方法参数
*/
class Parameter {
public:
Parameter(const std::string& name, const std::string& type,
bool isConst = false, bool isReference = false)
: name_(name), type_(type), isConst_(isConst),
isReference_(isReference) {}
std::string getDeclaration() const {
std::stringstream ss;
if (isConst_) ss << "const ";
ss << type_;
if (isReference_) ss << "&";
ss << " " << name_;
return ss.str();
}
private:
std::string name_;
std::string type_;
bool isConst_;
bool isReference_;
};
/**
* 详细方法设计
*/
class DetailedMethod {
public:
DetailedMethod(const std::string& name, const std::string& returnType,
const std::string& visibility = "public")
: name_(name), returnType_(returnType), visibility_(visibility),
isVirtual_(false), isPureVirtual_(false) {}
void addParameter(const Parameter& param) {
parameters_.push_back(param);
}
void setAlgorithm(const std::string& algorithm) {
algorithm_ = algorithm;
}
void setTimeComplexity(const std::string& complexity) {
timeComplexity_ = complexity;
}
void setSpaceComplexity(const std::string& complexity) {
spaceComplexity_ = complexity;
}
void makeVirtual(bool pureVirtual = false) {
isVirtual_ = true;
isPureVirtual_ = pureVirtual;
}
std::string getSignature() const {
std::stringstream ss;
// 方法签名
if (isVirtual_) ss << "virtual ";
ss << returnType_ << " " << name_ << "(";
// 参数列表
for (size_t i = 0; i < parameters_.size(); ++i) {
if (i > 0) ss << ", ";
ss << parameters_[i].getDeclaration();
}
ss << ")";
if (isPureVirtual_) {
ss << " = 0";
} else {
ss << " override";
}
return ss.str();
}
std::string getImplementation() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << returnType_ << " " << name_ << "(";
for (size_t i = 0; i < parameters_.size(); ++i) {
if (i > 0) ss << ", ";
ss << parameters_[i].getDeclaration();
}
ss << ") {\n";
// 方法实现
if (!algorithm_.empty()) {
ss << " // 算法: " << algorithm_ << "\n";
}
if (!timeComplexity_.empty()) {
ss << " // 时间复杂度: " << timeComplexity_ << "\n";
}
if (!spaceComplexity_.empty()) {
ss << " // 空间复杂度: " << spaceComplexity_ << "\n";
}
// 示例实现
if (returnType_ == "void") {
ss << " // 实现逻辑\n";
} else if (returnType_ == "bool") {
ss << " return true;\n";
} else if (returnType_ == "int") {
ss << " return 0;\n";
} else if (returnType_ == "std::string") {
ss << " return \"\";\n";
} else {
ss << " return {};\n";
}
ss << "}";
return ss.str();
}
private:
std::string name_;
std::string returnType_;
std::string visibility_;
std::vector<Parameter> parameters_;
std::string algorithm_;
std::string timeComplexity_;
std::string spaceComplexity_;
bool isVirtual_;
bool isPureVirtual_;
};
/**
* 构造函数设计
*/
class Constructor {
public:
Constructor(const std::string& className,
const std::string& visibility = "public")
: className_(className), visibility_(visibility) {}
void addParameter(const Parameter& param) {
parameters_.push_back(param);
}
void addInitializer(const std::string& field, const std::string& value) {
initializers_[field] = value;
}
std::string getDeclaration() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << className_ << "(";
for (size_t i = 0; i < parameters_.size(); ++i) {
if (i > 0) ss << ", ";
ss << parameters_[i].getDeclaration();
}
ss << ")";
return ss.str();
}
std::string getImplementation() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << getDeclaration();
// 初始化列表
if (!initializers_.empty()) {
ss << " : ";
bool first = true;
for (const auto& [field, value] : initializers_) {
if (!first) ss << ", ";
ss << field << "(" << value << ")";
first = false;
}
}
ss << " {\n";
ss << " // 构造函数实现\n";
ss << "}";
return ss.str();
}
private:
std::string className_;
std::string visibility_;
std::vector<Parameter> parameters_;
std::map<std::string, std::string> initializers_;
};
/**
* 详细类设计
*/
class DetailedClass {
public:
DetailedClass(const std::string& name,
const std::string& baseClass = "",
const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces = {})
: name_(name), baseClass_(baseClass), interfaces_(interfaces) {}
void addField(const Field& field) {
fields_.push_back(field);
}
void addMethod(const DetailedMethod& method) {
methods_.push_back(method);
}
void addConstructor(const Constructor& constructor) {
constructors_.push_back(constructor);
}
void addDependency(const std::string& className) {
dependencies_.push_back(className);
}
void setDesignPattern(const std::string& pattern) {
designPattern_ = pattern;
}
std::string generateHeader() const {
std::stringstream ss;
// 头文件保护
std::string guard = name_ + "_H";
for (char& c : guard) c = toupper(c);
ss << "#ifndef " << guard << "\n";
ss << "#define " << guard << "\n\n";
// 包含依赖
for (const auto& dep : dependencies_) {
ss << "#include \"" << dep << ".h\"\n";
}
if (!dependencies_.empty()) ss << "\n";
// 类声明
ss << "class " << name_;
// 继承
if (!baseClass_.empty() || !interfaces_.empty()) {
ss << " : ";
if (!baseClass_.empty()) {
ss << "public " << baseClass_;
if (!interfaces_.empty()) ss << ", ";
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < interfaces_.size(); ++i) {
if (i > 0) ss << ", ";
ss << "public " << interfaces_[i];
}
}
ss << " {\n";
ss << "public:\n";
// 构造函数
for (const auto& constructor : constructors_) {
ss << " " << constructor.getDeclaration() << ";\n";
}
// 析构函数
ss << " virtual ~" << name_ << "() = default;\n\n";
// 公共方法
for (const auto& method : methods_) {
if (method.getSignature().find("public") != std::string::npos) {
ss << " " << method.getSignature() << ";\n";
}
}
ss << "\nprivate:\n";
// 私有字段
for (const auto& field : fields_) {
ss << " " << field.getDeclaration() << "\n";
}
ss << "};\n\n";
ss << "#endif // " << guard << "\n";
return ss.str();
}
std::string generateImplementation() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "#include \"" << name_ << ".h\"\n\n";
// 设计模式说明
if (!designPattern_.empty()) {
ss << "// 实现设计模式: " << designPattern_ << "\n";
ss << "// " << getPatternDescription(designPattern_) << "\n\n";
}
// 构造函数实现
for (const auto& constructor : constructors_) {
ss << constructor.getImplementation() << "\n\n";
}
// 方法实现
for (const auto& method : methods_) {
ss << method.getImplementation() << "\n\n";
}
return ss.str();
}
void printDesignDocument() const {
std::cout << "\n=== 详细设计: " << name_ << " ===\n";
if (!designPattern_.empty()) {
std::cout << "设计模式: " << designPattern_ << "\n";
std::cout << "模式说明: " << getPatternDescription(designPattern_) << "\n";
}
std::cout << "\n字段定义:\n";
for (const auto& field : fields_) {
std::cout << " " << field.getDeclaration() << "\n";
}
std::cout << "\n方法设计:\n";
for (const auto& method : methods_) {
std::cout << " " << method.getSignature() << "\n";
}
std::cout << "\n生成的代码:\n";
std::cout << "头文件:\n" << generateHeader() << "\n";
std::cout << "实现文件:\n" << generateImplementation() << "\n";
}
private:
std::string getPatternDescription(const std::string& pattern) const {
static const std::map<std::string, std::string> patternDescriptions = {
{"Singleton", "确保一个类只有一个实例，并提供全局访问点"},
{"Factory", "创建对象而不指定具体类"},
{"Observer", "定义对象间的一对多依赖关系"},
{"Strategy", "定义算法族，封装每个算法，使它们可以互换"},
{"Repository", "在领域层和数据映射层之间进行协调"}
};
auto it = patternDescriptions.find(pattern);
return it != patternDescriptions.end() ? it->second : "未知模式";
}
private:
std::string name_;
std::string baseClass_;
std::vector<std::string> interfaces_;
std::vector<Field> fields_;
std::vector<DetailedMethod> methods_;
std::vector<Constructor> constructors_;
std::vector<std::string> dependencies_;
std::string designPattern_;
};
// ================= 详细设计：数据库设计 =================
/**
* 数据库列定义
*/
class DatabaseColumn {
public:
DatabaseColumn(const std::string& name, const std::string& type,
bool isPrimaryKey = false, bool isNullable = true,
const std::string& defaultValue = "")
: name_(name), type_(type), isPrimaryKey_(isPrimaryKey),
isNullable_(isNullable), defaultValue_(defaultValue) {}
std::string getDDL() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << name_ << " " << type_;
if (isPrimaryKey_) {
ss << " PRIMARY KEY";
}
if (!isNullable_) {
ss << " NOT NULL";
}
if (!defaultValue_.empty()) {
ss << " DEFAULT " << defaultValue_;
}
return ss.str();
}
private:
std::string name_;
std::string type_;
bool isPrimaryKey_;
bool isNullable_;
std::string defaultValue_;
};
/**
* 数据库索引定义
*/
class DatabaseIndex {
public:
DatabaseIndex(const std::string& name, const std::vector<std::string>& columns,
bool isUnique = false)
: name_(name), columns_(columns), isUnique_(isUnique) {}
std::string getDDL(const std::string& tableName) const {
std::stringstream ss;
if (isUnique_) {
ss << "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ";
} else {
ss << "CREATE INDEX ";
}
ss << name_ << " ON " << tableName << "(";
for (size_t i = 0; i < columns_.size(); ++i) {
if (i > 0) ss << ", ";
ss << columns_[i];
}
ss << ");";
return ss.str();
}
private:
std::string name_;
std::vector<std::string> columns_;
bool isUnique_;
};
/**
* 数据库表设计
*/
class DatabaseTable {
public:
DatabaseTable(const std::string& name, const std::string& description = "")
: name_(name), description_(description) {}
void addColumn(const DatabaseColumn& column) {
columns_.push_back(column);
}
void addIndex(const DatabaseIndex& index) {
indexes_.push_back(index);
}
void addForeignKey(const std::string& column,
const std::string& referenceTable,
const std::string& referenceColumn) {
foreignKeys_[column] = std::make_pair(referenceTable, referenceColumn);
}
std::string getDDL() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "-- 表: " << name_ << "\n";
if (!description_.empty()) {
ss << "-- 描述: " << description_ << "\n";
}
ss << "CREATE TABLE " << name_ << " (\n";
// 列定义
for (size_t i = 0; i < columns_.size(); ++i) {
if (i > 0) ss << ",\n";
ss << " " << columns_[i].getDDL();
}
// 外键约束
for (const auto& [column, ref] : foreignKeys_) {
ss << ",\n FOREIGN KEY (" << column << ") "
<< "REFERENCES " << ref.first << "(" << ref.second << ")";
}
ss << "\n);\n";
// 索引
for (const auto& index : indexes_) {
ss << index.getDDL(name_) << "\n";
}
return ss.str();
}
std::string generateMigrationScript(const DatabaseTable& previousVersion) const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "-- 迁移脚本: 从旧版本到新版本\n";
ss << "-- 表: " << name_ << "\n\n";
// 这里简化处理，实际中需要比较两个版本的差异
ss << "-- 注意: 实际迁移脚本需要根据具体差异生成\n";
ss << "-- 可能包括: ALTER TABLE, ADD COLUMN, DROP COLUMN等\n";
return ss.str();
}
void printDesign() const {
std::cout << "\n=== 数据库表设计: " << name_ << " ===\n";
if (!description_.empty()) {
std::cout << "描述: " << description_ << "\n";
}
std::cout << "\nDDL语句:\n";
std::cout << getDDL() << "\n";
}
private:
std::string name_;
std::string description_;
std::vector<DatabaseColumn> columns_;
std::vector<DatabaseIndex> indexes_;
std::map<std::string, std::pair<std::string, std::string>> foreignKeys_;
};
// ================= 示例：从概要设计到详细设计 =================
void demonstrate_detailed_design() {
std::cout << "从概要设计到详细设计示例\n";
std::cout << "=" << std::string(50, '=') << "\n\n";
// 1. 创建订单服务的详细类设计
DetailedClass orderServiceClass("OrderService");
orderServiceClass.setDesignPattern("Repository");
// 添加字段
orderServiceClass.addField(Field("orderRepository", "std::shared_ptr<OrderRepository>"));
orderServiceClass.addField(Field("paymentService", "std::shared_ptr<PaymentService>"));
orderServiceClass.addField(Field("inventoryService", "std::shared_ptr<InventoryService>"));
orderServiceClass.addField(Field("logger", "Logger", "private", "Logger::getInstance()"));
// 添加构造函数
Constructor constructor("OrderService");
constructor.addParameter(Parameter("orderRepo", "std::shared_ptr<OrderRepository>"));
constructor.addParameter(Parameter("paymentSvc", "std::shared_ptr<PaymentService>"));
constructor.addParameter(Parameter("inventorySvc", "std::shared_ptr<InventoryService>"));
constructor.addInitializer("orderRepository", "orderRepo");
constructor.addInitializer("paymentService", "paymentSvc");
constructor.addInitializer("inventoryService", "inventorySvc");
orderServiceClass.addConstructor(constructor);
// 添加方法
DetailedMethod createOrderMethod("createOrder", "Order");
createOrderMethod.addParameter(Parameter("userId", "std::string"));
createOrderMethod.addParameter(Parameter("items", "const std::vector<OrderItem>&", true, true));
createOrderMethod.setAlgorithm("1. 验证库存 2. 创建订单 3. 处理支付 4. 保存订单");
createOrderMethod.setTimeComplexity("O(n)");
createOrderMethod.setSpaceComplexity("O(1)");
DetailedMethod getOrderMethod("getOrderById", "std::optional<Order>");
getOrderMethod.addParameter(Parameter("orderId", "std::string"));
getOrderMethod.setAlgorithm("从仓库获取订单，包含缓存检查");
getOrderMethod.setTimeComplexity("O(1)");
DetailedMethod cancelOrderMethod("cancelOrder", "bool");
cancelOrderMethod.addParameter(Parameter("orderId", "std::string"));
cancelOrderMethod.addParameter(Parameter("reason", "const std::string&", true, true));
cancelOrderMethod.setAlgorithm("检查订单状态，更新为取消状态");
orderServiceClass.addMethod(createOrderMethod);
orderServiceClass.addMethod(getOrderMethod);
orderServiceClass.addMethod(cancelOrderMethod);
// 添加依赖
orderServiceClass.addDependency("OrderRepository");
orderServiceClass.addDependency("PaymentService");
orderServiceClass.addDependency("InventoryService");
orderServiceClass.addDependency("Logger");
// 2. 创建订单实体类设计
DetailedClass orderClass("Order");
orderClass.addField(Field("id", "std::string"));
orderClass.addField(Field("userId", "std::string"));
orderClass.addField(Field("items", "std::vector<OrderItem>"));
orderClass.addField(Field("totalAmount", "double"));
orderClass.addField(Field("status", "OrderStatus"));
orderClass.addField(Field("createdAt", "std::chrono::system_clock::time_point"));
orderClass.addField(Field("updatedAt", "std::chrono::system_clock::time_point"));
// 3. 创建数据库表设计
DatabaseTable ordersTable("orders", "订单表");
ordersTable.addColumn(DatabaseColumn("id", "VARCHAR(36)", true, false));
ordersTable.addColumn(DatabaseColumn("user_id", "VARCHAR(36)", false, false));
ordersTable.addColumn(DatabaseColumn("total_amount", "DECIMAL(10,2)", false, false));
ordersTable.addColumn(DatabaseColumn("status", "VARCHAR(20)", false, false, "'PENDING'"));
ordersTable.addColumn(DatabaseColumn("created_at", "TIMESTAMP", false, false, "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"));
ordersTable.addColumn(DatabaseColumn("updated_at", "TIMESTAMP", false, false, "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"));
ordersTable.addIndex(DatabaseIndex("idx_orders_user_id", {"user_id"}));
ordersTable.addIndex(DatabaseIndex("idx_orders_status", {"status"}));
ordersTable.addIndex(DatabaseIndex("idx_orders_created_at", {"created_at"}));
ordersTable.addForeignKey("user_id", "users", "id");
// 4. 输出详细设计
std::cout << "1. 类详细设计\n";
orderServiceClass.printDesignDocument();
std::cout << "\n2. 实体类设计\n";
orderClass.printDesignDocument();
std::cout << "\n3. 数据库表设计\n";
ordersTable.printDesign();
std::cout << "\n详细设计总结:\n";
std::cout << "1. 详细设计基于概要设计的模块和接口\n";
std::cout << "2. 定义了具体的类、方法、算法和数据结构\n";
std::cout << "3. 提供了数据库表的具体设计\n";
std::cout << "4. 为编码提供了明确的规范和指导\n";
}
} // namespace ArchitectureDesign
int main() {
ArchitectureDesign::demonstrate_detailed_design();
return 0;
}
4. 与实现（编码）的关系
UML示例 - 架构指导编码
classDiagram
namespace "架构设计" {
class ArchitectureRule {
<<interface>>
+enforce(): void
}
class CodingStandard {
+namingConventions: Map~String,String~
+codeOrganization: List~String~
+errorHandling: String
}
}
namespace "实现" {
class CodeGenerator {
+generateFromDesign(design): Code
}
class CodeReviewer {
+checkArchitectureCompliance(code): Report
}
class DependencyInjector {
+injectDependencies(module): void
}
}
ArchitectureRule <|.. ConcreteRule
CodingStandard --> CodeGenerator : 指导
ArchitectureRule --> CodeReviewer : 验证
DependencyInjector --> CodeGenerator : 支持
Python实现 - 架构指导编码
# architecture_guided_coding.py
"""
展示架构设计如何指导编码实现
"""
import os
import ast
import inspect
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional, Set
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
import json
class ArchitectureLayer(Enum):
PRESENTATION = "presentation"
APPLICATION = "application"
DOMAIN = "domain"
INFRASTRUCTURE = "infrastructure"
class ArchitecturePattern(Enum):
REPOSITORY = "repository"
SERVICE = "service"
FACTORY = "factory"
STRATEGY = "strategy"
OBSERVER = "observer"
@dataclass
class ArchitectureRule:
"""架构规则定义"""
name: str
description: str
layer: ArchitectureLayer
pattern: Optional[ArchitecturePattern] = None
dependencies_allowed: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
dependencies_prohibited: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
def check_compliance(self, code_info: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""检查代码是否符合架构规则"""
result = {
"rule": self.name,
"compliant": True,
"violations": [],
"suggestions": []
}
# 检查依赖规则
dependencies = code_info.get("dependencies", [])
for dep in dependencies:
if dep in self.dependencies_prohibited:
result["compliant"] = False
result["violations"].append(
f"禁止依赖: {dep}"
)
result["suggestions"].append(
f"移除对 {dep} 的依赖或重构代码结构"
)
# 检查模式应用
if self.pattern and not code_info.get("pattern_applied", False):
result["compliant"] = False
result["violations"].append(
f"未应用架构模式: {self.pattern.value}"
)
result["suggestions"].append(
f"应用 {self.pattern.value} 模式重构代码"
)
return result
class ArchitectureEnforcer:
"""架构实施器"""
def __init__(self, project_root: str):
self.project_root = Path(project_root)
self.rules: Dict[ArchitectureLayer, List[ArchitectureRule]] = {}
self.code_structure: Dict[str, Any] = {}
def add_rule(self, rule: ArchitectureRule):
"""添加架构规则"""
if rule.layer not in self.rules:
self.rules[rule.layer] = []
self.rules[rule.layer].append(rule)
def analyze_codebase(self):
"""分析代码库结构"""
self.code_structure = {
"layers": {},
"dependencies": {},
"violations": []
}
for layer in ArchitectureLayer:
layer_dir = self.project_root / layer.value
if layer_dir.exists():
self._analyze_layer(layer, layer_dir)
# 分析层间依赖
self._analyze_cross_layer_dependencies()
def _analyze_layer(self, layer: ArchitectureLayer, layer_dir: Path):
"""分析特定层的代码"""
layer_info = {
"files": [],
"classes": [],
"functions": [],
"dependencies": set()
}
for py_file in layer_dir.rglob("*.py"):
file_info = self._analyze_file(py_file, layer)
layer_info["files"].append(file_info)
# 收集类和函数
if "classes" in file_info:
layer_info["classes"].extend(file_info["classes"])
if "functions" in file_info:
layer_info["functions"].extend(file_info["functions"])
# 收集依赖
if "dependencies" in file_info:
layer_info["dependencies"].update(file_info["dependencies"])
self.code_structure["layers"][layer.value] = layer_info
def _analyze_file(self, file_path: Path, layer: ArchitectureLayer) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""分析单个Python文件"""
with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
content = f.read()
try:
tree = ast.parse(content)
analyzer = CodeAnalyzer(file_path, layer)
analyzer.visit(tree)
return analyzer.get_info()
except SyntaxError as e:
return {"error": str(e), "file": str(file_path)}
def _analyze_cross_layer_dependencies(self):
"""分析层间依赖关系"""
layers = self.code_structure["layers"]
for src_layer, src_info in layers.items():
for dst_layer, dst_info in layers.items():
if src_layer == dst_layer:
continue
# 检查是否有不允许的依赖
src_deps = src_info.get("dependencies", set())
dst_modules = self._get_layer_modules(dst_layer)
# 查找跨层依赖
cross_deps = src_deps.intersection(dst_modules)
if cross_deps:
self.code_structure["dependencies"][f"{src_layer}->{dst_layer}"] = list(cross_deps)
def _get_layer_modules(self, layer: str) -> Set[str]:
"""获取层内的所有模块名"""
modules = set()
layer_info = self.code_structure["layers"].get(layer, {})
for file_info in layer_info.get("files", []):
module_name = file_info.get("module", "")
if module_name:
modules.add(module_name)
# 添加可能的子模块
parts = module_name.split('.')
for i in range(1, len(parts)):
modules.add('.'.join(parts[:i]))
return modules
def enforce_architecture(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""强制执行架构规则"""
compliance_report = {
"overall_compliance": True,
"layer_reports": {},
"violations": [],
"suggestions": []
}
for layer_name, layer_info in self.code_structure["layers"].items():
layer = ArchitectureLayer(layer_name)
layer_report = self._check_layer_compliance(layer, layer_info)
compliance_report["layer_reports"][layer_name] = layer_report
if not layer_report["compliant"]:
compliance_report["overall_compliance"] = False
compliance_report["violations"].extend(layer_report["violations"])
compliance_report["suggestions"].extend(layer_report["suggestions"])
return compliance_report
def _check_layer_compliance(self, layer: ArchitectureLayer, layer_info: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""检查特定层的架构合规性"""
layer_rules = self.rules.get(layer, [])
layer_report = {
"layer": layer.value,
"compliant": True,
"rule_violations": [],
"violations": [],
"suggestions": []
}
for rule in layer_rules:
# 对层内每个文件应用规则
for file_info in layer_info.get("files", []):
rule_result = rule.check_compliance(file_info)
if not rule_result["compliant"]:
layer_report["compliant"] = False
layer_report["rule_violations"].append({
"rule": rule.name,
"file": file_info.get("file", ""),
"violations": rule_result["violations"],
"suggestions": rule_result["suggestions"]
})
return layer_report
def generate_code_template(self, layer: ArchitectureLayer,
component_type: str,
name: str) -> str:
"""根据架构生成代码模板"""
templates = {
"service": self._generate_service_template,
"repository": self._generate_repository_template,
"entity": self._generate_entity_template,
"controller": self._generate_controller_template
}
generator = templates.get(component_type)
if generator:
return generator(layer, name)
else:
return f"# 未找到 {component_type} 类型的模板"
def _generate_service_template(self, layer: ArchitectureLayer, name: str) -> str:
"""生成服务模板"""
template = f'''"""
{name}服务 - {layer.value}层
架构约束: 服务层应该只包含业务逻辑，不包含数据访问细节
"""
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List, Optional
class {name}Service(ABC):
"""{name}服务接口"""
@abstractmethod
def create(self, data: dict) -> dict:
"""创建{name}"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def get_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
"""根据ID获取{name}"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def update(self, id: str, data: dict) -> dict:
"""更新{name}"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def delete(self, id: str) -> bool:
"""删除{name}"""
pass
class {name}ServiceImpl({name}Service):
"""{name}服务实现"""
def __init__(self, repository):
# 依赖注入：通过构造函数注入仓储
self.repository = repository
def create(self, data: dict) -> dict:
"""创建{name}"""
# 1. 验证业务规则
self._validate_business_rules(data)
# 2. 调用仓储保存
result = self.repository.save(data)
# 3. 返回结果
return result
def get_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
"""根据ID获取{name}"""
return self.repository.find_by_id(id)
def update(self, id: str, data: dict) -> dict:
"""更新{name}"""
# 1. 检查是否存在
existing = self.repository.find_by_id(id)
if not existing:
raise ValueError(f"{name} {{id}} 不存在")
# 2. 更新数据
updated = {{**existing, **data}}
# 3. 保存更新
return self.repository.save(updated)
def delete(self, id: str) -> bool:
"""删除{name}"""
return self.repository.delete(id)
def _validate_business_rules(self, data: dict):
"""验证业务规则"""
# TODO: 实现具体的业务规则验证
pass
'''
return template
def _generate_repository_template(self, layer: ArchitectureLayer, name: str) -> str:
"""生成仓储模板"""
template = f'''"""
{name}仓储 - 基础设施层
架构约束: 仓储负责数据访问，实现领域层定义的接口
"""
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List, Optional
class {name}Repository(ABC):
"""{name}仓储接口（定义在领域层）"""
@abstractmethod
def save(self, entity: dict) -> dict:
"""保存实体"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def find_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
"""根据ID查找"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def find_all(self) -> List[dict]:
"""查找所有"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def delete(self, id: str) -> bool:
"""删除"""
pass
class Database{name}Repository({name}Repository):
"""基于数据库的{name}仓储实现"""
def __init__(self, db_connection):
self.db = db_connection
self.table_name = "{name.lower()}s"
def save(self, entity: dict) -> dict:
"""保存实体到数据库"""
# TODO: 实现数据库保存逻辑
pass
def find_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
"""从数据库根据ID查找"""
# TODO: 实现数据库查询逻辑
pass
def find_all(self) -> List[dict]:
"""从数据库查找所有"""
# TODO: 实现数据库查询逻辑
pass
def delete(self, id: str) -> bool:
"""从数据库删除"""
# TODO: 实现数据库删除逻辑
pass
'''
return template
class CodeAnalyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
"""代码分析器"""
def __init__(self, file_path: Path, layer: ArchitectureLayer):
self.file_path = file_path
self.layer = layer
self.info = {
"file": str(file_path),
"module": self._get_module_name(file_path),
"classes": [],
"functions": [],
"dependencies": set(),
"pattern_applied": False
}
def _get_module_name(self, file_path: Path) -> str:
"""获取模块名"""
# 简化处理，实际中需要更复杂的逻辑
rel_path = file_path.relative_to(file_path.parent.parent.parent)
return str(rel_path).replace('/', '.').replace('\\', '.').replace('.py', '')
def visit_Import(self, node):
"""分析import语句"""
for alias in node.names:
self.info["dependencies"].add(alias.name.split('.')[0])
self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_ImportFrom(self, node):
"""分析from ... import语句"""
if node.module:
self.info["dependencies"].add(node.module.split('.')[0])
self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_ClassDef(self, node):
"""分析类定义"""
class_info = {
"name": node.name,
"methods": [],
"bases": [ast.unparse(base) for base in node.bases]
}
# 检查是否应用了架构模式
for base in node.bases:
if isinstance(base, ast.Name):
if base.id.endswith("Repository"):
self.info["pattern_applied"] = True
elif base.id.endswith("Service"):
self.info["pattern_applied"] = True
self.info["classes"].append(class_info)
self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_FunctionDef(self, node):
"""分析函数定义"""
func_info = {
"name": node.name,
"args": [arg.arg for arg in node.args.args]
}
self.info["functions"].append(func_info)
self.generic_visit(node)
def get_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""获取分析结果"""
return self.info
# 示例：架构指导编码的实现
def demonstrate_architecture_guided_coding():
"""演示架构设计如何指导编码"""
# 1. 创建架构实施器
enforcer = ArchitectureEnforcer("/tmp/ecommerce")
# 2. 定义架构规则
# 领域层规则
domain_rule = ArchitectureRule(
name="领域层隔离",
description="领域层应该只包含业务逻辑，不依赖基础设施",
layer=ArchitectureLayer.DOMAIN,
pattern=ArchitecturePattern.REPOSITORY,
dependencies_prohibited=["sqlalchemy", "redis", "requests"] # 基础设施依赖
)
# 基础设施层规则
infrastructure_rule = ArchitectureRule(
name="基础设施实现",
description="基础设施层实现领域层定义的接口",
layer=ArchitectureLayer.INFRASTRUCTURE,
dependencies_allowed=["sqlalchemy", "redis", "psycopg2"]
)
# 应用层规则
application_rule = ArchitectureRule(
name="应用服务",
description="应用层协调业务用例",
layer=ArchitectureLayer.APPLICATION,
pattern=ArchitecturePattern.SERVICE
)
# 3. 添加规则
enforcer.add_rule(domain_rule)
enforcer.add_rule(infrastructure_rule)
enforcer.add_rule(application_rule)
# 4. 分析代码库（这里模拟分析）
print("架构指导编码示例")
print("=" * 50)
# 5. 生成代码模板
print("\n1. 根据架构生成服务模板:")
service_template = enforcer.generate_code_template(
ArchitectureLayer.APPLICATION, "service", "Order"
)
print(service_template[:500] + "...") # 只显示前500字符
print("\n2. 根据架构生成仓储模板:")
repository_template = enforcer.generate_code_template(
ArchitectureLayer.INFRASTRUCTURE, "repository", "Order"
)
print(repository_template[:500] + "...")
# 6. 模拟架构合规性检查
print("\n3. 架构合规性检查示例:")
# 模拟一个不符合架构的代码
bad_code = '''
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from redis import Redis
class OrderService:
def __init__(self):
# 错误：服务层直接依赖数据库和缓存
self.db = create_engine('sqlite:///orders.db')
self.cache = Redis()
def get_order(self, order_id):
# 错误：服务层包含数据访问逻辑
result = self.db.execute(f"SELECT * FROM orders WHERE id = {order_id}")
return result.fetchone()
'''
print("检测到的架构违规:")
print("1. 服务层直接依赖SQLAlchemy和Redis")
print("2. 服务层包含数据访问逻辑")
print("3. 违反了领域驱动设计的分层原则")
print("\n架构指导编码总结:")
print("1. 架构设计定义了代码的组织结构和依赖规则")
print("2. 编码必须遵循架构定义的约束和模式")
print("3. 架构规则通过代码审查和静态分析强制执行")
print("4. 代码模板确保一致的实现风格")
if __name__ == "__main__":
demonstrate_architecture_guided_coding()
5. 与测试的关系
UML示例 - 架构影响测试策略
classDiagram
namespace "架构设计" {
class Architecture {
+components: List~Component~
+interfaces: List~Interface~
+deployment: Deployment
}
class Component {
+isTestable: Boolean
+testStrategy: String
}
class Interface {
+isMockable: Boolean
+contract: Contract
}
}
namespace "测试策略" {
class TestStrategy {
+unitTests: TestPlan
+integrationTests: TestPlan
+e2eTests: TestPlan
+performanceTests: TestPlan
}
class TestPlan {
+scope: String
+tools: List~String~
+coverage: Number
}
class MockFramework {
+generateMocks(interface): Mock
}
}
Architecture --> TestStrategy : 决定
Component --> TestPlan : 影响
Interface --> MockFramework : 支持
Java实现 - 基于架构的测试策略
// ArchitectureDrivenTesting.java
package ecommerce.testing;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
/**
* 基于架构设计的测试策略实现
*/
public class ArchitectureDrivenTesting {
// ================= 架构设计相关 =================
public enum ArchitectureStyle {
MONOLITHIC,
MICROSERVICES,
LAYERED,
EVENT_DRIVEN
}
public static class ArchitectureComponent {
private final String name;
private final ComponentType type;
private final List<ComponentInterface> interfaces;
private final Map<String, String> dependencies;
private final boolean isTestable;
private String testStrategy;
public ArchitectureComponent(String name, ComponentType type) {
this.name = name;
this.type = type;
this.interfaces = new ArrayList<>();
this.dependencies = new HashMap<>();
this.isTestable = true;
}
public void addInterface(ComponentInterface iface) {
interfaces.add(iface);
}
public void addDependency(String componentName, String dependencyType) {
dependencies.put(componentName, dependencyType);
}
public void setTestStrategy(String strategy) {
this.testStrategy = strategy;
}
public double calculateTestability() {
// 计算组件的可测试性分数
double score = 0.0;
// 接口明确性
score += interfaces.size() * 0.1;
// 依赖复杂度（依赖越多，测试越难）
score -= dependencies.size() * 0.05;
// 组件类型影响
switch (type) {
case SERVICE:
score += 0.3; // 服务通常较易测试
break;
case DATABASE:
score += 0.1; // 数据库测试较复杂
break;
case MESSAGE_QUEUE:
score += 0.2; // 消息队列需要特殊测试
break;
}
return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, score));
}
// Getters
public String getName() { return name; }
public ComponentType getType() { return type; }
public List<ComponentInterface> getInterfaces() { return interfaces; }
public Map<String, String> getDependencies() { return dependencies; }
public boolean isTestable() { return isTestable; }
public String getTestStrategy() { return testStrategy; }
}
public enum ComponentType {
SERVICE,
DATABASE,
MESSAGE_QUEUE,
CACHE,
API_GATEWAY
}
public static class ComponentInterface {
private final String name;
private final InterfaceType type;
private final String contract;
private final boolean isMockable;
public ComponentInterface(String name, InterfaceType type, String contract) {
this.name = name;
this.type = type;
this.contract = contract;
this.isMockable = type != InterfaceType.DATABASE_SHARING;
}
public MockDefinition generateMockDefinition() {
MockDefinition mock = new MockDefinition(name);
switch (type) {
case REST_API:
mock.setMockFramework("MockServer");
mock.addMockBehavior("GET /" + name + "/{id}", "返回模拟数据");
mock.addMockBehavior("POST /" + name, "返回创建成功响应");
break;
case GRPC:
mock.setMockFramework("gRPC Mock");
mock.addMockBehavior(name + "Service", "返回模拟响应");
break;
case MESSAGE_QUEUE:
mock.setMockFramework("TestContainers");
mock.addMockBehavior("消费消息", "模拟消息处理");
break;
}
return mock;
}
// Getters
public String getName() { return name; }
public boolean isMockable() { return isMockable; }
}
public enum InterfaceType {
REST_API,
GRPC,
MESSAGE_QUEUE,
DATABASE_SHARING
}
// ================= 测试策略相关 =================
public static class ArchitectureTestStrategy {
private final ArchitectureStyle style;
private final Map<String, TestPlan> testPlans;
public ArchitectureTestStrategy(ArchitectureStyle style) {
this.style = style;
this.testPlans = new HashMap<>();
initializeDefaultTestPlans();
}
private void initializeDefaultTestPlans() {
// 根据架构风格初始化测试计划
switch (style) {
case MICROSERVICES:
testPlans.put("unit", createMicroservicesUnitTestPlan());
testPlans.put("integration", createMicroservicesIntegrationTestPlan());
testPlans.put("e2e", createMicroservicesE2ETestPlan());
testPlans.put("performance", createMicroservicesPerformanceTestPlan());
break;
case MONOLITHIC:
testPlans.put("unit", createMonolithicUnitTestPlan());
testPlans.put("integration", createMonolithicIntegrationTestPlan());
testPlans.put("e2e", createMonolithicE2ETestPlan());
break;
case EVENT_DRIVEN:
testPlans.put("unit", createEventDrivenUnitTestPlan());
testPlans.put("integration", createEventDrivenIntegrationTestPlan());
testPlans.put("e2e", createEventDrivenE2ETestPlan());
break;
}
}
private TestPlan createMicroservicesUnitTestPlan() {
TestPlan plan = new TestPlan("微服务单元测试");
plan.setScope("单个服务内部逻辑");
plan.setTools(Arrays.asList("JUnit", "Mockito", "TestContainers"));
plan.setCoverageTarget(0.80);
plan.addFocusArea("业务逻辑测试");
plan.addFocusArea("领域模型测试");
plan.addFocusArea("服务内部组件测试");
return plan;
}
private TestPlan createMicroservicesIntegrationTestPlan() {
TestPlan plan = new TestPlan("微服务集成测试");
plan.setScope("服务间集成");
plan.setTools(Arrays.asList("Spring Boot Test", "WireMock", "TestContainers"));
plan.setCoverageTarget(0.70);
plan.addFocusArea("API契约测试");
plan.addFocusArea("消息队列集成");
plan.addFocusArea("数据库集成");
plan.addFocusArea("缓存集成");
return plan;
}
private TestPlan createMicroservicesE2ETestPlan() {
TestPlan plan = new TestPlan("微服务端到端测试");
plan.setScope("完整业务流程");
plan.setTools(Arrays.asList("Cucumber", "Selenium", "Postman"));
plan.setCoverageTarget(0.50);
plan.addFocusArea("关键业务流程");
plan.addFocusArea("用户交互流程");
plan.addFocusArea("跨服务事务");
return plan;
}
private TestPlan createMicroservicesPerformanceTestPlan() {
TestPlan plan = new TestPlan("微服务性能测试");
plan.setScope("系统性能基准");
plan.setTools(Arrays.asList("JMeter", "Gatling", "Prometheus"));
plan.setCoverageTarget(0.90);
plan.addFocusArea("单个服务性能");
plan.addFocusArea("服务间调用性能");
plan.addFocusArea("系统容量测试");
plan.addFocusArea("压力测试");
return plan;
}
public TestPlan generateComponentTestPlan(ArchitectureComponent component) {
// 为特定组件生成测试计划
TestPlan componentPlan = new TestPlan(component.getName() + "测试计划");
// 基于组件类型定制测试策略
switch (component.getType()) {
case SERVICE:
componentPlan.setScope("服务功能测试");
componentPlan.setTools(Arrays.asList("JUnit", "Mockito", "Spring Boot Test"));
componentPlan.addTestScenario("正常流程测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("异常流程测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("边界条件测试");
break;
case DATABASE:
componentPlan.setScope("数据持久化测试");
componentPlan.setTools(Arrays.asList("TestContainers", "DBUnit", "Flyway"));
componentPlan.addTestScenario("CRUD操作测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("事务测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("并发访问测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("数据一致性测试");
break;
case MESSAGE_QUEUE:
componentPlan.setScope("消息处理测试");
componentPlan.setTools(Arrays.asList("TestContainers", "Mockito", "Awaitility"));
componentPlan.addTestScenario("消息发送测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("消息消费测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("消息重试测试");
componentPlan.addTestScenario("死信队列测试");
break;
}
return componentPlan;
}
public List<MockDefinition> generateMockDefinitions(List<ArchitectureComponent> components) {
// 生成所有需要的Mock定义
List<MockDefinition> mocks = new ArrayList<>();
for (ArchitectureComponent component : components) {
for (ComponentInterface iface : component.getInterfaces()) {
if (iface.isMockable()) {
mocks.add(iface.generateMockDefinition());
}
}
}
return mocks;
}
// Getters
public Map<String, TestPlan> getTestPlans() { return testPlans; }
}
public static class TestPlan {
private final String name;
private String scope;
private List<String> tools;
private double coverageTarget;
private List<String> focusAreas;
private List<String> testScenarios;
public TestPlan(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.focusAreas = new ArrayList<>();
this.testScenarios = new ArrayList<>();
this.tools = new ArrayList<>();
}
// Setters
public void setScope(String scope) { this.scope = scope; }
public void setTools(List<String> tools) { this.tools = tools; }
public void setCoverageTarget(double target) { this.coverageTarget = target; }
public void addFocusArea(String area) { focusAreas.add(area); }
public void addTestScenario(String scenario) { testScenarios.add(scenario); }
public void printPlan() {
System.out.println("\n测试计划: " + name);
System.out.println("范围: " + scope);
System.out.println("工具: " + String.join(", ", tools));
System.out.println("覆盖率目标: " + (coverageTarget * 100) + "%");
System.out.println("重点领域: " + String.join(", ", focusAreas));
if (!testScenarios.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("测试场景: " + String.join(", ", testScenarios));
}
}
}
public static class MockDefinition {
private final String interfaceName;
private String mockFramework;
private Map<String, String> mockBehaviors;
public MockDefinition(String interfaceName) {
this.interfaceName = interfaceName;
this.mockBehaviors = new HashMap<>();
}
public void setMockFramework(String framework) {
this.mockFramework = framework;
}
public void addMockBehavior(String endpoint, String behavior) {
mockBehaviors.put(endpoint, behavior);
}
public void printDefinition() {
System.out.println("\nMock定义: " + interfaceName);
System.out.println("Mock框架: " + mockFramework);
System.out.println("Mock行为:");
mockBehaviors.forEach((endpoint, behavior) ->
System.out.println(" " + endpoint + " -> " + behavior));
}
}
// ================= 测试代码生成 =================
public static class TestCodeGenerator {
public String generateUnitTest(ArchitectureComponent component) {
String componentName = component.getName();
String className = componentName + "Test";
StringBuilder testCode = new StringBuilder();
testCode.append("package com.ecommerce.test.unit;\n\n");
testCode.append("import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n");
testCode.append("import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;\n");
testCode.append("import org.mockito.Mock;\n");
testCode.append("import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;\n");
testCode.append("import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;\n");
testCode.append("import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\n");
testCode.append("/**\n");
testCode.append(" * ").append(componentName).append("单元测试\n");
testCode.append(" * 架构约束: ").append(component.getTestStrategy()).append("\n");
testCode.append(" */\n");
testCode.append("public class ").append(className).append(" {\n\n");
// Mock字段
for (Map.Entry<String, String> dep : component.getDependencies().entrySet()) {
testCode.append(" @Mock\n");
testCode.append(" private ").append(dep.getKey()).append(" ").append(dep.getKey().toLowerCase()).append(";\n");
}
testCode.append(" \n");
testCode.append(" private ").append(componentName).append(" ").append(componentName.toLowerCase()).append(";\n\n");
// Setup方法
testCode.append(" @BeforeEach\n");
testCode.append(" public void setUp() {\n");
testCode.append(" MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);\n");
testCode.append(" ").append(componentName.toLowerCase()).append(" = new ").append(componentName).append("(");
// 构造函数参数
List<String> params = component.getDependencies().keySet().stream()
.map(name -> name.toLowerCase())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
testCode.append(String.join(", ", params));
testCode.append(");\n");
testCode.append(" }\n\n");
// 测试方法模板
for (ComponentInterface iface : component.getInterfaces()) {
String methodName = "test" + iface.getName();
testCode.append(" @Test\n");
testCode.append(" public void ").append(methodName).append("() {\n");
testCode.append(" // Given\n");
testCode.append(" // 设置测试数据和Mock行为\n\n");
testCode.append(" // When\n");
testCode.append(" // 调用被测试方法\n\n");
testCode.append(" // Then\n");
testCode.append(" // 验证结果\n");
testCode.append(" }\n\n");
}
testCode.append("}");
return testCode.toString();
}
public String generateIntegrationTest(ArchitectureComponent component) {
String componentName = component.getName();
String className = componentName + "IntegrationTest";
StringBuilder testCode = new StringBuilder();
testCode.append("package com.ecommerce.test.integration;\n\n");
testCode.append("import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n");
testCode.append("import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;\n");
testCode.append("import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;\n");
testCode.append("import org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer;\n");
testCode.append("import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;\n");
testCode.append("import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;\n\n");
testCode.append("/**\n");
testCode.append(" * ").append(componentName).append("集成测试\n");
testCode.append(" * 测试组件与外部依赖的集成\n");
testCode.append(" */\n");
testCode.append("@SpringBootTest\n");
testCode.append("@Testcontainers\n");
testCode.append("public class ").append(className).append(" {\n\n");
// TestContainers配置
if (component.getType() == ComponentType.DATABASE) {
testCode.append(" @Container\n");
testCode.append(" private static final GenericContainer<?> database = \n");
testCode.append(" new GenericContainer<>(\"postgres:13\")\n");
testCode.append(" .withExposedPorts(5432)\n");
testCode.append(" .withEnv(\"POSTGRES_DB\", \"testdb\")\n");
testCode.append(" .withEnv(\"POSTGRES_USER\", \"test\")\n");
testCode.append(" .withEnv(\"POSTGRES_PASSWORD\", \"test\");\n\n");
}
testCode.append(" @Test\n");
testCode.append(" public void testComponentIntegration() {\n");
testCode.append(" // 集成测试逻辑\n");
testCode.append(" }\n");
testCode.append("}");
return testCode.toString();
}
}
// ================= 示例 =================
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("基于架构的测试策略示例");
System.out.println("=".repeat(50));
// 1. 定义架构组件
ArchitectureComponent orderService = new ArchitectureComponent(
"OrderService", ComponentType.SERVICE);
orderService.setTestStrategy("单元测试+集成测试");
orderService.addDependency("OrderRepository", "仓储");
orderService.addDependency("PaymentService", "服务");
orderService.addInterface(new ComponentInterface(
"OrderAPI", InterfaceType.REST_API, "OpenAPI 3.0"));
// 2. 创建测试策略
ArchitectureTestStrategy strategy =
new ArchitectureTestStrategy(ArchitectureStyle.MICROSERVICES);
// 3. 显示测试计划
System.out.println("\n微服务架构测试策略:");
for (Map.Entry<String, TestPlan> entry : strategy.getTestPlans().entrySet()) {
entry.getValue().printPlan();
}
// 4. 生成组件特定的测试计划
System.out.println("\n订单服务测试计划:");
TestPlan componentPlan = strategy.generateComponentTestPlan(orderService);
componentPlan.printPlan();
// 5. 生成Mock定义
System.out.println("\n需要的Mock定义:");
List<MockDefinition> mocks = strategy.generateMockDefinitions(
Arrays.asList(orderService));
for (MockDefinition mock : mocks) {
mock.printDefinition();
}
// 6. 生成测试代码
TestCodeGenerator generator = new TestCodeGenerator();
System.out.println("\n生成的单元测试代码模板:");
String unitTestCode = generator.generateUnitTest(orderService);
System.out.println(unitTestCode.substring(0, Math.min(300, unitTestCode.length())) + "...");
System.out.println("\n架构与测试关系总结:");
System.out.println("1. 架构设计决定了测试策略和范围");
System.out.println("2. 清晰的接口定义提高了可测试性");
System.out.println("3. 依赖管理影响Mock策略");
System.out.println("4. 架构风格决定集成测试方法");
}
}
核心机制原理总结
1. 与需求工程的关系原理
- 双向影响：架构设计是需求的实现方案，同时架构决策可能发现需求问题
- 质量属性映射：非功能性需求直接映射到架构的质量属性设计
- 追溯机制：建立需求到架构决策的可追溯关系
2. 与软件概要设计的关系原理
- 细化过程：架构设计提供宏观结构，概要设计进行细化分解
- 边界定义：架构定义组件边界，概要设计定义模块边界
- 接口精化：架构定义外部接口，概要设计定义内部接口
3. 与详细设计的关系原理
- 具体化过程：详细设计将概要设计具体化为可实现的类和方法
- 算法设计：详细设计包含具体的算法和数据结构设计
- 数据库设计：详细设计包含具体的数据存储设计
4. 与实现（编码）的关系原理
- 指导约束：架构设计为编码提供组织和约束指导
- 模式实施：编码需要实施架构定义的设计模式
- 依赖管理：编码必须遵守架构定义的依赖规则
5. 与测试的关系原理
- 测试策略决定：架构设计决定测试的范围和策略
- 可测试性设计：清晰的架构设计提高系统的可测试性
- Mock策略：架构接口定义影响Mock和测试桩的设计
各阶段间的核心交互机制：
- 需求到架构：需求分析识别质量属性，架构设计实现这些属性
- 架构到概要：架构组件分解为子系统，接口精化为内部接口
- 概要到详细：模块细化为具体类，接口细化为方法签名
- 详细到实现：类设计转为代码，算法设计转为具体实现
- 实现到测试：代码结构影响测试设计，架构风格决定测试策略
质量保证机制：
- 一致性检查：确保各阶段设计保持一致
- 追溯性验证：验证需求是否被正确实现
- 架构合规性：确保实现符合架构约束
这些关系和机制确保了软件开发过程的连贯性和一致性，从高层次的需求到具体的实现，每个阶段都为下一个阶段提供明确指导和约束。
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