Metasploit是一款广泛使用的渗透测试工具和漏洞利用框架,用于评估计算机系统、应用程序和网络的安全性。它最初由HD Moore开发,后来由Rapid7公司维护和支持。
Metasploit的主要功能包括:
-
漏洞扫描和利用: Metasploit可以扫描目标系统,识别潜在的漏洞,并利用这些漏洞来获取对目标系统的访问权限。这包括操作系统漏洞、应用程序漏洞、服务漏洞等。
-
Payload生成: Metasploit可以生成各种Payload,这是一段恶意代码,用于在攻击成功后在目标系统上执行操作。这包括反向Shell、Meterpreter会话等。
-
漏洞数据库: Metasploit维护了一个广泛的漏洞数据库,其中包含各种操作系统、应用程序和服务的漏洞信息,使渗透测试人员能够快速识别目标系统上的漏洞。
-
模块化框架: Metasploit采用模块化的架构,允许用户根据需要加载不同类型的模块,例如扫描模块、利用模块、负载生成模块等。
-
多种协议支持: Metasploit支持多种网络协议和服务,包括TCP、UDP、HTTP、HTTPS、FTP等,使渗透测试人员能够测试各种类型的系统和应用程序。
-
可视化界面: Metasploit提供了一个基于Web的用户界面(Metasploit Framework Web UI)和命令行界面,以满足不同用户的需求。
-
社区和商业版本: Metasploit拥有一个强大的社区版本(Metasploit Framework),同时也有商业版本(Metasploit Pro),后者提供了更多的高级功能和支持,适用于企业和专业渗透测试人员。
Metasploit框架(MSF)的服务发现功能是其一部分,用于识别目标网络上运行的主机和服务。服务发现是渗透测试和漏洞评估的重要步骤,帮助渗透测试人员确定目标系统的可攻击性和潜在漏洞。
以下是MSF服务发现功能的概述:
-
主机探测(Host Discovery): MSF的服务发现功能可以执行主机探测,通过向目标网络发送数据包并监听响应来确定哪些主机处于活动状态。这包括Ping扫描、ARP扫描、TCP和UDP扫描等。
-
端口扫描(Port Scanning): 一旦确定了活动主机,MSF可以执行端口扫描,以识别目标主机上开放的网络服务和端口号。这有助于确定哪些服务可能存在漏洞,需要进一步的评估。
-
服务识别(Service Identification): 一旦确定了开放的端口,MSF可以尝试识别每个端口上运行的具体服务和应用程序版本。这有助于渗透测试人员了解目标系统上使用的软件,并查找已知的漏洞。
-
操作系统识别(OS Fingerprinting): MSF可以进行操作系统识别,试图确定目标主机使用的操作系统类型和版本。这有助于选择合适的漏洞利用模块。
-
脆弱性扫描(Vulnerability Scanning): MSF可以与漏洞数据库集成,以自动识别目标系统上已知的漏洞。这可以帮助渗透测试人员快速找到潜在的攻击目标。
-
自定义模块: MSF的服务发现功能是高度可定制的,用户可以根据需要创建自定义的模块和脚本来执行特定的服务发现任务。
服务发现功能
常用来发现局域网内,的常见服务,比如HTTP,FTP,TELNET等.
MSF模块搜索
[root@localhost ~]# msfconsole
msf5 > search scanner type:auxiliary
msf5 > search scanner/http type:auxiliary // 搜索所有与HTTP相关的模块
发现HTTP服务: 基于scanner/http/http_version发现HTTP服务.
msf5 > use scanner/http/http_version
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_version) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/http/http_version):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_version) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_version) > set rport 80
rport => 80
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_version) > exploit
[+] 192.168.1.7:80 Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16 ( Powered by PHP/5.4.16, 302-login.php )
[+] 192.168.1.3:80 Apache/2.5.0 (CentOS) PHP/7.0.0 ( Powered by PHP/7.0.0, 302-admin.php )
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
发现SMB服务: 基于scanner/smb/smb_version发现SMB服务.
msf5 > use scanner/smb/smb_version
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
SMBDomain . no The Windows domain to use for authentication
SMBPass no The password for the specified username
SMBUser no The username to authenticate as
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > exploit
[+] 192.168.1.2:445 - Host is running Windows 10 China (name:lyshark) (workgroup:lyshark)
[*] 192.168.1.7:445 - Host could not be identified: Windows 6.1 (Samba 4.8.3)
[*] 192.168.1.0/24:445 - Scanned 26 of 256 hosts (10% complete)
[*] 192.168.1.0/24:445 - Caught interrupt from the console...
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
发现FTP服务: 基于scanner/ftp/ftp_version发现FTP服务
msf5 > use scanner/ftp/ftp_version
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ftp/ftp_version) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/ftp/ftp_version):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
FTPPASS mozilla@example.com no The password for the specified username
FTPUSER anonymous no The username to authenticate as
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
RPORT 21 yes The target port (TCP)
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ftp/ftp_version) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ftp/ftp_version) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ftp/ftp_version) > exploit
[+] 192.168.1.7:21 - FTP Banner: '220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)\x0d\x0a'
[*] 192.168.1.0/24:21 - Scanned 32 of 256 hosts (12% complete)
[*] 192.168.1.0/24:21 - Caught interrupt from the console...
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
发现SSH服务: 基于auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_version发现SSH服务
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_version
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_version) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_version):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
RPORT 22 yes The target port (TCP)
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 30 yes Timeout for the SSH probe
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_version) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_version) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_version) > exploit
[+] 192.168.1.7:22 - SSH server version: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4 ( service.version=7.4 service.vendor=OpenBSD service.family=OpenSSH service.product=OpenSSH service.cpe23=cpe:/a:openbsd:openssh:7.4 service.protocol=ssh fingerprint_db=ssh.banner )
[*] 192.168.1.0/24:22 - Caught interrupt from the console...
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
发现Telnet服务: 基于auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_version发现TELNET服务
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_version
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/telnet/telnet_version) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_version):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
PASSWORD no The password for the specified username
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
RPORT 23 yes The target port (TCP)
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 30 yes Timeout for the Telnet probe
USERNAME no The username to authenticate as
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/telnet/telnet_version) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/telnet/telnet_version) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/telnet/telnet_version) > exploit
[-] 192.168.1.1:23 - A network issue has occurred: The connection was refused by the remote host (192.168.1.1:23).
[-] 192.168.1.7:23 - A network issue has occurred: The connection was refused by the remote host (192.168.1.7:23).
[-] 192.168.1.0:23 - A network issue has occurred: The host (192.168.1.0:23) was unreachable.
[-] 192.168.1.10:23 - A network issue has occurred: The connection was refused by the remote host (192.168.1.10:23).
[-] 192.168.1.3:23 - A network issue has occurred: The connection was refused by the remote host (192.168.1.3:23).
[-] 192.168.1.5:23 - A network issue has occurred: The host (192.168.1.5:23) was unreachable.
[*] 192.168.1.0/24:23 - Caught interrupt from the console...
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
发现MySQL服务: 基于auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version发现mysql服务
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mysql/mysql_version) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOSTS 192.168.1.7 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
RPORT 3306 yes The target port (TCP)
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mysql/mysql_version) > set rhosts 192.168.1.7
rhosts => 192.168.1.7
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mysql/mysql_version) > set rport 3306
rport => 3306
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mysql/mysql_version) > exploit
[*] 192.168.1.7:3306 - 192.168.1.7:3306 is running MySQL, but responds with an error: \x04Host '192.168.1.7' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server
[*] 192.168.1.7:3306 - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
发现MSSQL服务: 基于auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping发现SQL Server服务
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mssql/mssql_ping) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
PASSWORD no The password for the specified username
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
TDSENCRYPTION false yes Use TLS/SSL for TDS data "Force Encryption"
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
USERNAME sa no The username to authenticate as
USE_WINDOWS_AUTHENT false yes Use windows authentification (requires DOMAIN option set)
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mssql/mssql_ping) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mssql/mssql_ping) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/mssql/mssql_ping) > run
发现Oracle服务: 基于auxiliary/scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version发现Oracle服务
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
RPORT 1521 yes The target port (TCP)
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version) > run
主机发现功能
MSF提供了一些辅助模块,可以实现主机发现,这些辅助模块位于Metasploit框架的modules/auxiliary/scanner/discovery/目录中,用于实现主机发现和网络探测。
它们包括:
-
arp_sweep: 用于执行ARP扫描,以确定目标网络上的活动主机。
-
ipv6_multicast_ping: 针对IPv6网络的多播Ping扫描,用于识别IPv6网络中的主机。
-
ipv6_neighbor 和 ipv6_neighbor_router_advertisement: 用于IPv6网络的邻居发现和路由器广告扫描,有助于确定IPv6网络上的主机和路由器。
-
udp_probe 和 udp_sweep: 用于UDP端口扫描,以确定目标主机上开放的UDP端口。
使用模块可帮助渗透测试人员识别目标网络上的潜在攻击目标,例如活动主机和开放端口。使用这些模块时,渗透测试人员可以更好地了解目标网络的结构和漏洞,以进行进一步的评估和测试。
ARP发现内网主机: 基于scanner/discovery/arp_sweep发现内网存活主机.
msf5 > use scanner/discovery/arp_sweep
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/discovery/arp_sweep) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/discovery/arp_sweep):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
INTERFACE no The name of the interface
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
SHOST no Source IP Address
SMAC no Source MAC Address
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 5 yes The number of seconds to wait for new data
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/discovery/arp_sweep) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/discovery/arp_sweep) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/discovery/arp_sweep) > exploit
[+] 192.168.1.1 appears to be up (UNKNOWN).
[+] 192.168.1.2 appears to be up (UNKNOWN).
[+] 192.168.1.2 appears to be up (UNKNOWN).
[+] 192.168.1.1 appears to be up (UNKNOWN).
[*] Scanned 256 of 256 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
UDP发现内网主机: 基于scanner/discovery/udp_sweep发现内网存活主机.
msf5 > use scanner/discovery/udp_sweep
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/discovery/udp_sweep) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/discovery/udp_sweep):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
BATCHSIZE 256 yes The number of hosts to probe in each set
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/discovery/udp_sweep) > set rhosts 192.168.1.0/24
rhosts => 192.168.1.0/24
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/discovery/udp_sweep) > exploit
[*] Sending 13 probes to 192.168.1.0->192.168.1.255 (256 hosts)
[*] Discovered NetBIOS on 192.168.1.2:137 (lyshark:<20>:U :lysahrk:<00>:U :lyshark:<00>:G :WORKGROUP:<1e>:G :WORKGROUP:<1d>:U :__MSBROWSE__:<01>:G :a4:be:c8:fe:ac:z4)
[*] Scanned 256 of 256 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
ACK发现内网主机: 基于auxiliary/scanner/portscan/ack扫描内网存活主机.
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/ack
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/ack) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/portscan/ack):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
BATCHSIZE 256 yes The number of hosts to scan per set
DELAY 0 yes The delay between connections, per thread, in milliseconds
INTERFACE no The name of the interface
JITTER 0 yes The delay jitter factor (maximum value by which to +/- DELAY) in milliseconds.
PORTS 1-10000 yes Ports to scan (e.g. 22-25,80,110-900)
RHOSTS 192.168.1.7 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
SNAPLEN 65535 yes The number of bytes to capture
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 500 yes The reply read timeout in milliseconds
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/ack) > set rhosts 192.168.1.7
rhosts => 192.168.1.7
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/ack) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/ack) > exploit
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
SYN发现内网主机: 基于auxiliary/scanner/portscan/syn扫描内网存活主机.
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/syn
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/syn) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/portscan/syn):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
BATCHSIZE 256 yes The number of hosts to scan per set
DELAY 0 yes The delay between connections, per thread, in milliseconds
INTERFACE no The name of the interface
JITTER 0 yes The delay jitter factor (maximum value by which to +/- DELAY) in milliseconds.
PORTS 1-1024 yes Ports to scan (e.g. 22-25,80,110-900)
RHOSTS 192.168.1.7 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
SNAPLEN 65535 yes The number of bytes to capture
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 500 yes The reply read timeout in milliseconds
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/syn) > set rhosts 192.168.1.7
rhosts => 192.168.1.7
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/syn) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/syn) > run
TCP发现内网主机: 基于auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp扫描内网存活主机.
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/tcp) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host
DELAY 0 yes The delay between connections, per thread, in milliseconds
JITTER 0 yes The delay jitter factor (maximum value by which to +/- DELAY) in milliseconds.
PORTS 1-10000 yes Ports to scan (e.g. 22-25,80,110-900)
RHOSTS 192.168.1.7 yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS 10 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/tcp) > set rhosts 192.168.1.7
rhosts => 192.168.1.7
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/tcp) > set threads 10
threads => 10
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/portscan/tcp) > run
[+] 192.168.1.7: - 192.168.1.7:21 - TCP OPEN
[+] 192.168.1.7: - 192.168.1.7:22 - TCP OPEN
[+] 192.168.1.7: - 192.168.1.7:80 - TCP OPEN
[+] 192.168.1.7: - 192.168.1.7:139 - TCP OPEN
[+] 192.168.1.7: - 192.168.1.7:445 - TCP OPEN
[*] 192.168.1.7: - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
服务爆破功能
了解了目标主机上的开放服务后,渗透测试人员可能会尝试使用字典攻击来爆破登录凭据,以验证是否能够成功进一步渗透。以下是一些常见的服务爆破的配置示例,这些示例演示了如何设置爆破工具(例如Metasploit或Hydra)来进行字典攻击。这里只是演示配置,实际爆破可能需要获得授权并遵守法律和道德规定。
SSH口令爆破
use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.7
set username root
set pass_file /root/pass.txt
set threads 10
exploit
Samba口令爆破
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.7
set user_file /root/user.txt
set pass_file /root/pass.txt
set threads 10
exploit
FTP口令爆破
use scanner/ftp/ftp_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.7
set user_file /root/user.txt
set pass_file /root/pass.txt
set threads 10
exploit
MySQL口令爆破
search mysql
use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.7
set user_file /root/user.txt
set pass_file /root/pass.txt
exploit
Postgresql口令爆破
use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.7
set user_file /root/user.txt
set pass_file /root/pass.txt
exploit
Tomcat口令爆破
search tomcat
use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.7
set user_file /root/user.txt
set pass_file /root/pass.txt
exploit
Telnet口令爆破
use auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.7
set username administrator
set pass_file /root/pass.txt
exploit
Metasploit是广泛使用的渗透测试工具和漏洞利用框架,具备漏洞扫描、Payload生成等功能。其服务发现功能可识别目标网络主机和服务,主机发现功能有多种辅助模块,服务爆破功能可尝试用字典攻击爆破登录凭据,但实际操作需授权。
3954

被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?



