Android测试工具MonkeyRunner(Demo篇)

没有写blog习惯，整理了下去年的学习记录，贴出来希望能给他人一些启发；

---

MonkeyRunner简介

Monkeyrunner是用python编码实现的测试，是Monkey的升级版从随机事件流变成有逻辑的模拟用户按键、触屏、滑动操作，控制事件、随时截图。最主要是通过运行程序，在程序中提供按键或触摸事件的输入数值然后截屏，通过截屏对比是否是正常的运行。

---

MonkeyRunner API主要包括三个模块：

• Monkeyrunner：这个类提供了用于连接设备或者模拟器的方法。
• MonkeyDevice：这个类为安装、卸载APK，启动activity发送按键和触摸事件运行测试包的方法。
• MonkeyImage：这个类提供了截图、对比保存的方法。

---

MonkeyRunner特点：

编写语言：Python
运行环境：Python 环境，adb链接PC运行
测试对象：UI测试
测试限制：主要使用坐标，逻辑判断能力差

---

MonkeyRunner使用方法：

• 引入MonkeyRunner中所要用的模块：
  from com.android.monkeyrunner
import MonkeyRunner,MonkeyDevice,MonkeyImage
• 与设备链接(没有报错即链接成功)
  device=MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()
• 卸载、安装要测试的APK
  device.removePackage('android-3.7.3.apk')
device.installPackage('d:/android-3.7.3.apk')
• 启动任意Activity
  componentName = 'com.itangyuan/.module.portlet.FlashActivity'
device.startActivity(component=componentName)
• 打开菜单
  device.press('KEYCODE_MENU','DOWN_AND_UP')
• 点击某一坐标点
  device.touch(35,75,'DOWN_AND_UP')
• 运行截图
  pic=device.takeSnapshot()
• 正确结果截图
  resultTrue=MonkeyRunner.loadImageFromFile(r"d:\login.png")
• 使用.sameAs()对比两张图片，并输出对比结果True或False
  print (pic.sameAs(resultTrue,0.9))

更多API参考

---

MonkeyRunner脚本示例：
Demo 1:

# Imports the monkeyrunner modules used by this program
from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner, MonkeyDevice,MonkeyImage

# Connects to the current device, returning a MonkeyDevice object
device = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()

# Installs the Android package. Notice that this method returns a boolean, so you can test
# to see if the installation worked.
device.installPackage('myproject/bin/MyApplication.apk')

# sets a variable with the package's internal name
package = 'com.example.android.myapplication'

# sets a variable with the name of an Activity in the package
activity = 'com.example.android.myapplication.MainActivity'

# sets the name of the component to start
runComponent = package + '/' + activity

# Runs the component
device.startActivity(component=runComponent)

# Presses the Menu button
device.press('KEYCODE_MENU', MonkeyDevice.DOWN_AND_UP)

# Takes a screenshot
result = device.takeSnapshot()

# Writes the screenshot to a file
result.writeToFile('myproject/shot1.png','png')

Demo 2 :

#!/usr/bin/env monkeyrunner
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
import sys
import os
from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner, MonkeyDevice, MonkeyImage

#设置应用包名和入口Activity名
pakageName = 'com.new.example'
componentName = 'com.new.example/.WelcomeActivity'

#APP启动时等待时间(秒)
startTime = 5

#获取年月日时分秒
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")

#python中获取当前运行的文件的名字
name=sys.argv[0].split("\\")
filename=name[len(name)-1]

#MonkeyRunner下获取运行的文件所在的路径
rootpath  = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(sys.argv[0]))[0]

#指定位置
dir = rootpath + "/apk/"
screenPath = rootpath + "/screenShot/"
logpath = rootpath + "/log/"

#获取待测APK个数
countPak = len(os.listdir(dir))

#新建一个Log文件
if not os.path.isdir(logpath):
    os.mkdir(logpath)
log = open( logpath + filename[0:-3] + "-log" +now + ".txt" , 'w')

#开始连接设备
print("Connecting...")
device = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()
log.write("连接设备...\n")

#卸载应用
print('Removing...')
device.removePackage(pakageName)
print ('Remove Successful!')
MonkeyRunner.sleep(2)
log.write("初始化应用环境...\n")
countOK = 0
countNO = 0

for i in os.listdir(dir):
    print('Installing...<%s>'%i)
    log.write("==========安装应用==========\n")
    path = dir + '//' + i
    #安装应用
    device.installPackage(path)
    print('Install Successful!')

    #打开应用
    device.startActivity(component=componentName)
    MonkeyRunner.sleep(startTime)
    log.write("启动App...\n")

    #截图
    result=device.takeSnapshot()
    print("Take ScreenShot...")

    #保存截图
    result.writeToFile(screenPath + i + '.png','png')

    #进行图片比较
    resultTrue=MonkeyRunner.loadImageFromFile(screenPath + r'basePic.png')
    print "Pic Comparing..."
    log.write("对比图片中...\n")
    if(result.sameAs(resultTrue,0.9)):
        print("%s is OK!"%i)
        log.write("比较通过！--%s--包可用！\n"%i)
        #卸载应用
        print('Removing...')
        log.write("初始化应用环境，移除中...\n")
        device.removePackage(pakageName)
        print ('Remove Successful!')
        log.write("==========移除完毕==========\n")
        countOK += 1
        MonkeyRunner.sleep(2)
    else:
        print("False!Please check %s!"%i)
        log.write("比较失败！请检查安装包--%s--是否可用！\n"%i)
        break

log.write("共测试 %s 个包，%d 个通过。"%(countPak,countOK))

---

MonkeyRunner脚本的执行：

• CMD窗口
  monkeyrunner G:\script\example.py

• BAT脚本

@echo off
@echo.
@echo.  =======运行脚本======
set /p a=请输入脚本名称：
start "" monkeyrunner G:\script\%a%

---

MonkeyRunner的录制与回放

• monkeyrecoder.py

#!/usr/bin/env monkeyrunner
# Copyright 2010, The Android Open Source Project
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner as mr
from com.android.monkeyrunner.recorder import MonkeyRecorder as recorder
device = mr.waitForConnection()
recorder.start(device)

• monkeyplayback.py

import sys
from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner
CMD_MAP = {
    "TOUCH":lambda dev,arg:dev.touch(**arg),
    "DRAG":lambda dev,arg:dev.drag(**arg),
    "PRESS":lambda dev,arg:dev.press(**arg),
    "TYPE":lambda dev,arg:dev.type(**arg),
    "WAIT":lambda dev,arg:MonkeyRunner.sleep(**arg)
    }
# Process a single file for the specified device.
def process_file(fp,device):
    for line in fp:
        (cmd,rest) = line.split("|")
        try:
            rest = eval(rest)
        except:
            print"unable to parse options"
            continue
        if cmd not in CMD_MAP:
            print"unknown command:" + cmd
            continue
        CMD_MAP[cmd](device,rest)
def main():
    file = sys.argv[1]
    fp = open(file,"r")
    device = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()
    process_file(fp,device)
    fp.close();
if __name__=="__main__":
    main() 

• 录制脚本example.py

  • CMD窗口中执行命令： monkeyrunner monkeyrecoder.py
  • 将生成的录制脚本保存为example.py

• 执行录制脚本example.py

  monkeyrunner G:\script\monkeyplayback.py G:\script\example.py

---

作者 @new