运维实战 Redis与Mysql的业务衔接

最新推荐文章于 2025-02-06 00:15:00 发布

洛冰音

最新推荐文章于 2025-02-06 00:15:00 发布

阅读量254

点赞数 1

分类专栏：运维实战企业架构 LNMP架构

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lunarlibrary/article/details/116410216

版权

运维实战同时被 3 个专栏收录

28 篇文章

订阅专栏

企业架构

11 篇文章

订阅专栏

LNMP架构

6 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文介绍了如何在三台服务器上配置Redis和MySQL的业务衔接，实现实时数据同步。通过在MySQL上创建触发器，并结合Gearman Job Server和Worker，确保MySQL数据更改时能自动更新到Redis缓存中。详细步骤包括安装配置各个组件，编写PHP脚本，设置MySQL触发器以及使用Gearman进行任务分发。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

Redis与MqSQL业务衔接

需要准备3台服务器

Server1开启redis
Server2安装php和nginx模拟同步信息用的数据用的Client
Server3安装mariadb充当mysql

业务逻辑是这样的, 写入mysql的数据通过Server2同步给redis

Server2上的操作

##编译安装nginx的过程略过

##安装php-fpm
[root@Server2 ~]# cd rhel7/
[root@Server2 rhel7]# yum install -y php-* libgearman-* libevent-*
[root@Server2 rhel7]# systemctl start php-fpm.service

##查看端口情况
[root@Server2 rhel7]# netstat -antulp  ##查看是否开启相关端口
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4121/php-fpm: maste

打开nginx配置文件中的对于php的相关支持

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
	root           html;
	fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
	fastcgi_index  index.php;
	#fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
	include        fastcgi.conf;
}

Server1上安装Redis并保持为MASTER

Server3上安装Mariadb

[root@Server2 ~]# cd rhel7
[root@Server2 rhel7]# ll test.php 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1369 Apr 16 10:34 test.php

##复制测试文件到nginx默认发布目录
##并修改其内容
[root@Server2 rhel7]# cp test.php /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@Server2 rhel7]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@Server2 html]# vim test.php 

<?php
        $redis = new Redis();
        $redis->connect('172.25.5.1',6379) or die ("could net connect redis server");
  #      $query = "select * from test limit 9";
        $query = "select * from test";
        for ($key = 1; $key < 10; $key++)
        {
                if (!$redis->get($key))
                {
                        $connect = mysql_connect('172.25.5.1','redis','westos');
                        mysql_select_db(test);
                        $result = mysql_query($query);
                        //如果没有找到$key,就将该查询sql的结果缓存到redis
                        while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
                        {
                                $redis->set($row['id'],$row['name']);
                        }
                        $myserver = 'mysql';
                        break;
                }

在Server3上授权远程用户登录

[root@Server3 local]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on test.* to redis@'%' identified by 'westos'; 

##拷贝测试数据到Server3并导入数据库
[root@Server2 rhel7]# scp test.sql Server3: 
[root@Server3 ~]# mysql < test.sql

进行简单测试

root@Server3 ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> use test
MariaDB [test]> show tables;
MariaDB [test]> select * from test;

[root@Server1 ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> get 1
"test1"
127.0.0.1:6379> get 2
"test2"

在这里插入图片描述

发现可以正确取到信息.

不足与问题

第一次访问时, 由于Redis中没有缓存, 看不到数据库中的值
刷新页面后能够看到
但是当更改MySQL内容后并不能反映在Redis上,这显然是不满足业务需求的
必须删除Redis中已经存储的值, 再次刷新页面才能将新内容写入

实现自动同步

这里我们需要借助Gearman来进行数据同步.

Gearman是一个支持分布式的任务分发框架,分为Gearman Job Server, Gearman Job Server, Gearman Worker三个组成部分

工作流程

编写MySQL触发器, 当出现插入修改操作时创建任务
通过lib_mysqludf_json-udf库函数将关系数据映射为JSON格式
通过gearman-mysql-udf插件将任务加入Gearman的队列中
通过redis_worker.php完成数据库的更新

Server3操作

unzip lib_mysqludf_json-master.zip
cd lib_mysqludf_json-master/
yum install -y mysql-devel gcc

$$生成so文件
gcc $(mysql_config --cflags) -shared -fPIC -o lib_mysqludf_json.so lib_mysqludf_json.c

##拷贝安装
cp lib_mysqludf_json.so /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/


##查看数据库的模块目录
mysql> show global variables like 'plugin_dir';
+---------------+-------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------------------------+
| plugin_dir | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin |
+---------------+-------------------------+

##注册添加该函数
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION json_object RETURNS STRING SONAME
'lib_mysqludf_json.so';

##查看函数内容
mysql> select * from mysql.func;
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| name | ret | dl | type |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| json_object | 0 | lib_mysqludf_json.so | function |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+

##编译安装gearman-mysql-udf
yum install -y libgearman-* libevent-devel-2.0.21-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
tar zxf gearman-mysql-udf-0.6.tar.gz
cd gearman-mysql-udf-0.6
./configure --libdir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/
make
make install

##注册libgearman_mysql_udf函数
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION gman_do_background RETURNS STRING SONAME
'libgearman_mysql_udf.so';
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION gman_servers_set RETURNS STRING SONAME
'libgearman_mysql_udf.so';

##查看函数情况
mysql> select * from mysql.func;
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| name | ret | dl | type |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| json_object | 0 | lib_mysqludf_json.so | function |
| gman_do_background | 0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
| gman_servers_set | 0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+

##指定Gearman的Server端
mysql> SELECT gman_servers_set('172.25.5.2:4730');

需要注意的是

Gearman的Server端只负责接受MqSQL更改情况,不负责处理
处理的流程交给Worker进程来处理

在Server2上配置Gearman的Worker端

[root@Server2 rhel7]# yum install -y gearmand-1.1.12-18.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@Server2 rhel7]# systemctl start gearmand.service
[root@Server2 rhel7]# netstat -antlp | grep 4730
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4730            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19099/gearmand      
tcp6       0      0 :::4730                 :::*                    LISTEN      19099/gearmand      
[root@Server2 rhel7]# vim worker.php

<?php
$worker = new GearmanWorker();
$worker->addServer();
$worker->addFunction('syncToRedis', 'syncToRedis');
 
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('172.25.5.1', 6379);
 
while($worker->work());
function syncToRedis($job)
{
        global $redis;
        $workString = $job->workload();
        $work = json_decode($workString);
        if(!isset($work->id)){
                return false;
        }
        $redis->set($work->id, $work->name);
}
?>

[root@Server2 rhel7]# php -m | grep redis
redis
[root@Server2 rhel7]# nohup php worker.php &

在Server3上配置MySQL触发器

[root@Server3 ~]# vim test.sql 

use test;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER datatoredis AFTER UPDATE ON test FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
    SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`)); 
  END$$
DELIMITER ;


[root@Server3 ~]# mysql < test.sql

[root@Server3 ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW TRIGGERS FROM test;
MariaDB [(none)]> use test
MariaDB [test]> update test set name='NeuWings' where id=1;

此时在Server1上可以看到变化了

[root@Server1 ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> get 1
"NeuWings"

同样的,网页端也可以同步更新数据.
在这里插入图片描述

部分操作流程

MariaDB [test]> SHOW TRIGGERS FROM test;
+-------------+--------+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+----------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Trigger     | Event  | Table | Statement                                                                                                      | Timing | Created | sql_mode | Definer        | character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-------------+--------+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+----------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| datatoredis | UPDATE | test  | BEGIN
    SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`)); 
  END | AFTER  | NULL    |          | root@localhost | utf8                 | utf8_general_ci      | latin1_swedish_ci  |
+-------------+--------+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+----------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> update test set name = 'Test1' where id =1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [test]> SELECT gman_servers_set('172.25.5.2:4730');
+-------------------------------------+
| gman_servers_set('172.25.5.2:4730') |
+-------------------------------------+
| 172.25.5.2:4730                     |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> exit
Bye
[root@Server4 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service 
[root@Server4 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> update test set name = 'Test' where id =1;
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
MariaDB [(none)]> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [test]> update test set name = 'Test' where id =1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [test]> SELECT gman_servers_set('172.25.5.2:4730');
+-------------------------------------+
| gman_servers_set('172.25.5.2:4730') |
+-------------------------------------+
| 172.25.5.2:4730                     |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> SHOW TRIGGERS FROM test;
+-------------+--------+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+----------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Trigger     | Event  | Table | Statement                                                                                                      | Timing | Created | sql_mode | Definer        | character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-------------+--------+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+----------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| datatoredis | UPDATE | test  | BEGIN
    SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`)); 
  END | AFTER  | NULL    |          | root@localhost | utf8                 | utf8_general_ci      | latin1_swedish_ci  |
+-------------+--------+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+----------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> select * from mysql.func;
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| name               | ret | dl                      | type     |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| json_object        |   0 | lib_mysqludf_json.so    | function |
| gman_do_background |   0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
| gman_servers_set   |   0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> SELECT gman_servers_set('172.25.5.2:4730');
+-------------------------------------+
| gman_servers_set('172.25.5.2:4730') |
+-------------------------------------+
| 172.25.5.2:4730                     |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> update test set name = 'westos' where id =1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0