Dockerfile中更换apt源和pip源

  **在 Dockerfile 中更改 apt 源和 pip 源可以提高软件包下载速度和稳定性。下面是一个示例 Dockerfile，演示如何更改 apt 和 pip 源。**

# 基础镜像
FROM python:3.9

# 更换 apt 源
RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib" > /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

# 更新 apt 并安装软件包
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    gcc \
    libpq-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 更换 pip 源
RUN mkdir ~/.pip && \
    echo "[global]\nindex-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/\ntrusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com" > ~/.pip/pip.conf

# 安装 Python 库
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

在上面的示例中，我们首先使用 RUN 命令更换了 apt 源，然后更新了 apt 并安装了一些软件包。接下来，我们使用 RUN 命令创建了一个 ~/.pip/pip.conf 文件来更改 pip 源，最后执行了 pip install 命令安装 Python 库。

请注意，更换 apt 和 pip 源可能会影响软件包的稳定性和安全性。因此，在选择新源时，请确保其可靠性和安全性。