1. 使用SpringBoot;
1)创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
2)SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3)自己编写业务代码;
自动配置原理?
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
2.SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
1)所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
http://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
2)/** 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
3) 欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
4) 所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
3.模板引擎
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;
1)引入thymeleaf;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 -->
<!-- thymeleaf2 layout1-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>
4.Thymeleaf使用
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
//
```
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
2、使用thymeleaf语法;
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功!</h1>
<!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
<div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
3、语法规则
1) th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
2)表达式
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
5.SpringMVC自动配置
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
Inclusion of `ContentNegotiatingViewResolver` and `BeanNameViewResolver` beans.
自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
- Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
- Static `index.html` support. 静态首页访问
- Custom `Favicon` support (see below). favicon.ico
- 自动注册了 of `Converter`, `GenericConverter`, `Formatter` beans.
- Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
- `Formatter` 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
```java
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}
```
自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
- Support for `HttpMessageConverters` (see below).
- HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json;
- `HttpMessageConverters` 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)
- Automatic registration of `MessageCodesResolver` (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
- Automatic use of a `ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer` bean (see below).
我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)
```
初始化WebDataBinder;
请求数据=====JavaBean;
```
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional [MVC configuration](https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/4.3.14.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/htmlsingle#mvc) (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own `@Configuration` class of type `WebMvcConfigurerAdapter`, but **without** `@EnableWebMvc`. If you wish to provide custom instances of `RequestMappingHandlerMapping`, `RequestMappingHandlerAdapter` or `ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver` you can declare a `WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter` instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own `@Configuration` annotated with `@EnableWebMvc`.
6.扩展SpringMVC
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;
package com.atguigu.springboot.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
/**
* ClassName:MyMvcConfig
* Package:com.atguigu.springboot.config
* Description:
*
* @Date:2020/2/21 10:30
* @Author:liangshuai@shuaige.com
*/
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//浏览器发送/atguigu 请求也来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
//一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;
@Override
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
}
}
}
```
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
3、全面接管SpringMVC;
SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;
```java
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)、
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置