Docker基础命令详解-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lovelichao12/article/details/81103618

具体docker是干什么的，优缺点，用途我就不说了，下面就使用docker的一些常用命令具体详细说下：

1、Docker的启动、停止、重启

[root@localhost ~]# service docker restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# service docker stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service

2、Docker创建一个容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -v /docker_test:/yufei  --name yufei_6 centos
[root@724e7701f0d4 /]#

-i：允许我们对容器内的 (STDIN) 进行交互

-t：在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端

-v：是挂在宿机目录， /docker_test是宿机目录，/yufei是当前docker容器的目录，宿机目录必须是绝对的。

--name：是给容器起一个名字，可省略，省略的话docker会随机产生一个名字

3、Docker启动的容器列表

[root@localhost ~]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                NAMES
1a4e1828f1d8        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc1-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes        0.0.0.0:9081->8080/tcp               masterdatajc1
cb01381539e8        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_esbmail:stg-1.0.1              "sh -c 'java $JAVA..."   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:10066->10066/tcp             esbmailjc1
063c5a58fc62        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc5-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9085->8080/tcp               masterdatajc5
7e5c3bb17d41        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc4-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9084->8080/tcp               masterdatajc4
6f503d3d7be9        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc3-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9083->8080/tcp               masterdatajc3
260d70e86a3c        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc2-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9082->8080/tcp               masterdatajc2
317d2bd0e4c8        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_outrel:jc1-1.1.0               "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   23 hours ago        Up 23 hours         0.0.0.0:9080->8080/tcp               outreljc1
c373a30907ba        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_esbmms:stg-1.0.3               "sh -c 'java $JAVA..."   27 hours ago        Up 27 hours         0.0.0.0:10063->10063/tcp             esbmmsjc1
5e7b2f492430        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_fintech-masterdata:stg-1.0.0   "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   8 days ago          Up 8 days           8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10065->10065/tcp   fintech-masterdatastg
147d3a3ff1b3        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_ucc-configservice:stg-1.0.0    "/apollo-configser..."   9 days ago          Up 9 days                                                configservice1
0bd573f59499        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_ucc-portal:stg-1.0.0           "/apollo-portal/sc..."   9 days ago          Up 9 days                                                portal
da6728673951        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_fintech-ruleengine:jc1-1.0.8   "sh -c 'java $JAVA..."   12 days ago         Up 12 days          0.0.0.0:10064->10064/tcp             fintech-ruleenginejc1
28e6c8e61773        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_ucc-adminservice:stg-1.0.0     "/apollo-adminserv..."   12 days ago         Up 12 days                                               adminservice1
6141c9393a23        172.16.101.43:5000/bootcsp_fluentd_pilot:1.0.0            "/bin/sh -c /pilot..."   2 weeks ago         Up 2 weeks          24224/tcp                            fluentd-pilot

3、Docker创建的所有容器列表

[root@localhost ~]$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                NAMES
1a4e1828f1d8        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc1-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:9081->8080/tcp               masterdatajc1
cb01381539e8        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_esbmail:stg-1.0.1              "sh -c 'java $JAVA..."   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:10066->10066/tcp             esbmailjc1
063c5a58fc62        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc5-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9085->8080/tcp               masterdatajc5
7e5c3bb17d41        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc4-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9084->8080/tcp               masterdatajc4
6f503d3d7be9        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc3-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9083->8080/tcp               masterdatajc3
260d70e86a3c        172.16.101.49:5000/bootbiz_masterdata:jc2-1.0.0           "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   10 hours ago        Up 10 hours         0.0.0.0:9082->8080/tcp               masterdatajc2
317d2bd0e4c8        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_outrel:jc1-1.1.0               "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   23 hours ago        Up 23 hours         0.0.0.0:9080->8080/tcp               outreljc1
c373a30907ba        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_esbmms:stg-1.0.3               "sh -c 'java $JAVA..."   27 hours ago        Up 27 hours         0.0.0.0:10063->10063/tcp             esbmmsjc1
5e7b2f492430        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_fintech-masterdata:stg-1.0.0   "/tmp/apache-tomca..."   8 days ago          Up 8 days           8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10065->10065/tcp   fintech-masterdatastg
147d3a3ff1b3        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_ucc-configservice:stg-1.0.0    "/apollo-configser..."   9 days ago          Up 9 days                                                configservice1
0bd573f59499        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_ucc-portal:stg-1.0.0           "/apollo-portal/sc..."   9 days ago          Up 9 days                                                portal
da6728673951        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_fintech-ruleengine:jc1-1.0.8   "sh -c 'java $JAVA..."   12 days ago         Up 12 days          0.0.0.0:10064->10064/tcp             fintech-ruleenginejc1
28e6c8e61773        172.16.101.49:5000/bootcsp_ucc-adminservice:stg-1.0.0     "/apollo-adminserv..."   12 days ago         Up 12 days                                               adminservice1
6141c9393a23        172.16.101.43:5000/bootcsp_fluentd_pilot:1.0.0            "/bin/sh -c /pilot..."   2 weeks ago         Up 2 weeks          24224/tcp                            fluentd-pilot

docker ps 默认列表是正在启动的容器 -a是显示所有创建的容器

4、启动、停止、重启某个Docker容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker start cb01381539e8
cb01381539e8
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop cb01381539e8
cb01381539e8
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart cb01381539e8
cb01381539e8
[root@localhost ~]#

5、查看指定容器的日志记录

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f cb01381539e8

6、删除某个容器，若正在运行，需要先停止

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm cb01381539e8
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 2d48fc5b7c17b01e6247cbc012013306faf1e54f24651d5e16d6db4e15f92d33. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop cb01381539e8
cb01381539e8
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm cb01381539e8
cb01381539e8
[root@localhost ~]#

7、删除所有容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 724e7701f0d4a830167e21f75b470235a0e408fd6cc2913403426e96f69cba11. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container f9097691663ee36f9d2ee56afbdcca0eeb8b63e5590ddf18c0c42954c93b9f06. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop cb01381539e8
cb01381539e8
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop cb01381539e8
cb01381539e8
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
724e7701f0d4
f9097691663e
[root@localhost ~]#

8、选择某容器并进入容器内部

[root@localhost ~]$ docker exec -it cb01381539e8 bash
[root@cb01381539e8 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 138 root root 11976 3月   2 09:07 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 3月   2 09:06 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   168 7月  18 18:14 data
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root   340 7月  18 18:14 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root    66 7月  18 18:14 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     6 11月  5  2016 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 3月   2 09:06 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 3月   2 09:06 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     6 11月  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     6 11月  5  2016 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     6 11月  5  2016 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 309 root root     0 7月  18 18:14 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root   114 7月  18 18:14 root
drwxr-xr-x  10 root root   130 7月  18 18:14 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     8 3月   2 09:06 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     6 11月  5  2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 7月  18 18:14 sys
drwxrwxrwt   1 root root   117 7月  18 18:14 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root   155 7月  18 18:14 usr
drwxr-xr-x  18 root root   238 7月  18 18:14 var
[root@cb01381539e8 /]#