Spring事务配置的五种方式

    前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：

    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

    < bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
        < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
        < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    </ bean >  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >
   
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >
   
    < bean id ="userDao"  
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >  
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
           < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager"   />     
        < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget"   />  
         < property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        < property name ="transactionAttributes" >  
            < props >  
                < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
            </ props >  
        </ property >  
    </ bean >  
</ beans >

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

    < bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
        < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
        < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    </ bean >  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >
   
    < bean id ="transactionBase"  
            class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
            lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" >  
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
        < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager"   />  
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        < property name ="transactionAttributes" >  
            < props >  
                < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  
            </ props >  
        </ property >  
    </ bean >    
  
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >
   
    < bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase"   >  
        < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget"   />   
    </ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

    < bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
        < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
        < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    </ bean >  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >  
  
    < bean id ="transactionInterceptor"  
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >  
        < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager"   />  
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        < property name ="transactionAttributes" >  
            < props >  
                < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  
            </ props >  
        </ property >  
    </ bean >
     
    < bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >  
        < property name ="beanNames" >  
            < list >  
                < value > *Dao </ value >
            </ list >  
        </ property >  
        < property name ="interceptorNames" >  
            < list >  
                < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >  
            </ list >  
        </ property >  
    </ bean >  
 
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    < bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

    < context:annotation-config />
    < context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

    < bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
        < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
        < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    </ bean >  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >

    < tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
        < tx:attributes >
            < tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED"   />
        </ tx:attributes >
    </ tx:advice >
   
    < aop:config >
        < aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   />
        < aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts"   />        
    </ aop:config >      
</ beans >

第五种方式：全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

    < context:annotation-config />
    < context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

    < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

    < bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
        < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
        < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    </ bean >  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    </ bean >
   
</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public   class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

    public List < User > listUsers() {
        return   this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }
   
   
}