PG重建索引

本文探讨了在 PostgreSQL 数据库中重建索引的过程。重建索引可能导致全表锁定,因此在执行此操作时需要谨慎,确保在低峰时段进行,以避免影响正常的数据读写操作。

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postgres=# select version();
                                                        version                                                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 8.1.22 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (SUSE Linux) 4.3.4 [gcc-4_3-branch revision 152973]
(1 row)

注意:reindex 会造成全表锁。


postgres=# reindex index t_idx;    -->重建单个索引
REINDEX


postgres=# reindex table test;     -->重建和表test有关的索引
REINDEX


postgres@linux-o8rc:~> reindexdb postgres    -->重建postgres数据库下所有的索引
NOTICE:  table "pg_class" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_class" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_features" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_features" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_implementation_info" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_implementation_info" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_languages" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_languages" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_packages" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_packages" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_sizing" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_sizing" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_sizing_profiles" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_sizing_profiles" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_statistic" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_statistic" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_type" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_type" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_attribute" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_attribute" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_autovacuum" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_autovacuum" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_inherits" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_inherits" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_index" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_index" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_operator" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_operator" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_opclass" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_opclass" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_am" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_am" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_amop" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_amop" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_amproc" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_amproc" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_language" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_language" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_largeobject" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_largeobject" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_aggregate" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_aggregate" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_trigger" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_trigger" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_cast" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_cast" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_namespace" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_namespace" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_conversion" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_conversion" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_depend" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_depend" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "tbl_kenyon" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "tbl_kenyon" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "test" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "test" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_attrdef" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_attrdef" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_constraint" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_constraint" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_description" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_description" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_proc" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_proc" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_rewrite" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_rewrite" was reindexed
REINDEX


postgres=# reindex database postgres;   -->重建postgres数据库下所有的索引
NOTICE:  table "pg_class" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_features" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_implementation_info" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_languages" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_packages" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_sizing" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "sql_sizing_profiles" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_statistic" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_autovacuum" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_inherits" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_operator" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_opclass" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_am" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_amop" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_amproc" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_language" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_largeobject" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_aggregate" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_trigger" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_cast" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_namespace" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_conversion" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "tbl_kenyon" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "test" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_attrdef" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_constraint" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_description" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_proc" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_rewrite" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_type" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_attribute" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_index" was reindexed
NOTICE:  table "pg_depend" was reindexed
REINDEX







### 在 PostgreSQL 中重建视图的方法 在 PostgreSQL 中,重建视图可以通过多种方式实现。以下是几种常见的方法和解决方案: #### 方法一:使用脚本工具 可以利用脚本工具如 `recreate_views.sh` 来管理视图的重建过程[^3]。该脚本提供了以下选项: - `-b <view_name>`:备份视图及其依赖对象。 - `-d <view_name>`:删除视图及其依赖对象。 - `-c "<sql>"`:执行自定义 SQL 命令。 - `-r <view_name>`:恢复视图及其依赖对象。 通过这些选项,用户可以方便地对视图进行备份、删除或恢复操作。 #### 方法二:手动删除并重新创建视图 如果需要完全重建视图,可以先删除原有视图,然后重新创建。具体步骤如下: 1. 删除现有视图: ```sql DROP VIEW IF EXISTS view_name; ``` 2. 重新创建视图: ```sql CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT ...; ``` 此方法适用于视图定义发生重大变更的情况。 #### 方法三:刷新物化视图 如果使用的是物化视图(Materialized View),可以通过刷新操作来更新其内容[^5]。刷新命令如下: ```sql REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW [ CONCURRENTLY ] materialized_view_name; ``` - `CONCURRENTLY` 选项允许在刷新过程中继续查询物化视图,但并非所有情况下都适用。 #### 方法四:利用系统表重写视图 PostgreSQL 的视图信息存储在系统表 `pg_class` 中。当视图被创建时,系统会向 `pg_class` 插入相关信息,例如视图名称 (`relname`)、类型 (`relkind`) 和规则 (`relhasrules`) 等[^2]。如果需要重建视图,可以通过查询 `pg_class` 获取视图的元数据,并结合原始查询语句重新定义视图。 #### 方法五:索引优化与重建时机 在某些场景下,视图的性能可能受到底层表的索引影响。因此,在重建视图之前,建议评估是否需要对相关表的索引进行优化或重建[^4]。这可以通过以下命令完成: ```sql REINDEX TABLE table_name; ``` --- ### 示例代码 以下是一个完整的示例,展示如何手动删除并重建普通视图: ```sql -- 删除现有视图 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS my_view; -- 重新创建视图 CREATE VIEW my_view AS SELECT column1, column2, column3 FROM my_table WHERE condition = true; ``` 对于物化视图,可以使用以下命令刷新其内容: ```sql REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW my_materialized_view; ``` --- ### 注意事项 - 在删除视图之前,请确保备份视图的定义语句,以防止数据丢失。 - 如果视图存在依赖关系(如其他视图或函数引用了该视图),删除操作可能会导致连锁影响。建议先检查依赖关系: ```sql SELECT * FROM pg_depend WHERE objid = 'view_name'::regclass; ``` ---
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