ENVI无法加载从USGS上下载的LANDSAT8数据（MTL）

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-10 11:02:21 发布

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分类专栏：遥感

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/ljz000000/article/details/116549612

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1 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文介绍了解决ENVI软件无法正确加载从USGS下载的LANDSAT8_OLI_L1数据的问题。通过对比不同来源的MTL文件结构，提出了一种简单有效的解决方案，即修改MTL文件的第一行和倒数第二行。

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问题简述

一般如果要在ENVI上加载LANDSAT数据，只需要加载对应的MTL文件就可以实现同时加载所有波段文件。但是我从USGS上下载了几景LANDSAT8_OLI_L1数据，按照这个方法导入MTL文件后会报这个错。（从地理空间数据云上下载的数据不会出现这个问题）

上网搜了很久也没有找到清晰的解决方法。但从这篇博文上得知,可以通过修改MTL.txt的内容来解决这个问题。

问题分析

ENVI报错的原因还没有搞清楚，但通过对比地理空间数据云上下载到的MTL.txt和USGS上下载到的MTL.txt，可以找到解决这个问题的方法。目前猜测是因为ENVI不支持USGS版的MTL组织格式,具体的解决方法可以直接看‘解决方案‘。

对比

可以正常加载的MTL.txt结构是

GROUP = L1_METADATA_FILE
  # group1 该文件的描述信息
  GROUP = METADATA_FILE_INFO
  END_GROUP = METADATA_FILE_INFO
  # group2 位置信息和tif索引
  GROUP = PRODUCT_METADATA
  END_GROUP = PRODUCT_METADATA
  # group3 图像的参数
  GROUP = IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES
  END_GROUP = IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES
  # group4 各波段辐射量的最大最小值
  GROUP = MIN_MAX_RADIANCE
  END_GROUP = MIN_MAX_RADIANCE
  # group5 各波段反射率的最大最小值
  GROUP = MIN_MAX_REFLECTANCE
  END_GROUP = MIN_MAX_REFLECTANCE
  # group6 各波段的取值范围
  GROUP = MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUE
  END_GROUP = MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUE
  # group7 各波段的辐射定标数据
  GROUP = RADIOMETRIC_RESCALING
  END_GROUP =  RADIOMETRIC_RESCALING
  # group8 几个热红外波段的参数
  GROUP = TIRS_THERMAL_CONSTANTS
  END_GROUP = TIRS_THERMAL_CONSTANTS
  # group9 投影信息
  GROUP = PROJECTION_PARAMETERS
  END_GROUP = PROJECTION_PARAMETERS
END_GROUP = L1_METADATA_FILE
END

无法正常加载的MTL.txt结构是

GROUP = LANDSAT_METADATA_FILE
  # group1 该文件的描述信息，包括各种文件索引及它们的数据格式
  GROUP = PRODUCT_CONTENTS
  END_GROUP = PRODUCT_CONTENTS
  # group2 图像参数、航道信息和文件的描述信息
  GROUP = IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES
  END_GROUP = IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES
  # group3 位置信息和投影信息
  GROUP = PROJECTION_ATTRIBUTES
  END_GROUP = PROJECTION_ATTRIBUTES
  # group4 描述信息、图像参数和文件索引
  GROUP = LEVEL1_PROCESSING_RECORD
  END_GROUP = LEVEL1_PROCESSING_RECORD
  # group5 各波段辐射量的最大最小值
  GROUP = LEVEL1_MIN_MAX_RADIANCE
  END_GROUP = LEVEL1_MIN_MAX_RADIANCE
  # group6 各波段反射率的最大最小值
  GROUP = LEVEL1_MIN_MAX_REFLECTANCE
  END_GROUP = LEVEL1_MIN_MAX_REFLECTANCE
  # group7 各波段的取值范围
  GROUP = LEVEL1_MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUE
  END_GROUP = LEVEL1_MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUE
  # group8 各波段的辐射定标数据
  GROUP = LEVEL1_RADIOMETRIC_RESCALING
  END_GROUP = LEVEL1_RADIOMETRIC_RESCALING
  # group9 几个热红外波段的参数
  GROUP = LEVEL1_THERMAL_CONSTANTS
  END_GROUP = LEVEL1_THERMAL_CONSTANTS
  # group10 投影信息
  GROUP = LEVEL1_PROJECTION_PARAMETERS
  END_GROUP = LEVEL1_PROJECTION_PARAMETERS
END_GROUP = LANDSAT_METADATA_FILE
END

可以看出，USGS版的MTL是存在大量冗余的（应该是我还没有理解这样做的道理）。但不管怎么说，这说明了只要有USGS版的MTL，我们就可以重构出可以被ENVI识别的MTL结构。

一个可用MTL的模板

GROUP = L1_METADATA_FILE
  GROUP = METADATA_FILE_INFO
    ORIGIN = "Image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey"
    REQUEST_ID = "0501508280281_00026"
    LANDSAT_SCENE_ID = "LC81330332015240LGN00"
    FILE_DATE = 2015-08-28T18:58:29Z
    STATION_ID = "LGN"
    PROCESSING_SOFTWARE_VERSION = "LPGS_2.5.1"
  END_GROUP = METADATA_FILE_INFO
  GROUP = PRODUCT_METADATA
    DATA_TYPE = "L1T"
    ELEVATION_SOURCE = "GLS2000"
    OUTPUT_FORMAT = "GEOTIFF"
    SPACECRAFT_ID = "LANDSAT_8"
    SENSOR_ID = "OLI_TIRS"
    WRS_PATH = 133
    WRS_ROW = 33
    NADIR_OFFNADIR = "NADIR"
    TARGET_WRS_PATH = 133
    TARGET_WRS_ROW = 33
    DATE_ACQUIRED = 2015-08-28
    SCENE_CENTER_TIME = "03:55:31.0001247Z"
    CORNER_UL_LAT_PRODUCT = 39.96319
    CORNER_UL_LON_PRODUCT = 99.51753
    CORNER_UR_LAT_PRODUCT = 39.92019
    CORNER_UR_LON_PRODUCT = 102.19890
    CORNER_LL_LAT_PRODUCT = 37.85999
    CORNER_LL_LON_PRODUCT = 99.50248
    CORNER_LR_LAT_PRODUCT = 37.82009
    CORNER_LR_LON_PRODUCT = 102.10604
    CORNER_UL_PROJECTION_X_PRODUCT = 544200.000
    CORNER_UL_PROJECTION_Y_PRODUCT = 4423800.000
    CORNER_UR_PROJECTION_X_PRODUCT = 773400.000
    CORNER_UR_PROJECTION_Y_PRODUCT = 4423800.000
    CORNER_LL_PROJECTION_X_PRODUCT = 544200.000
    CORNER_LL_PROJECTION_Y_PRODUCT = 4190400.000
    CORNER_LR_PROJECTION_X_PRODUCT = 773400.000
    CORNER_LR_PROJECTION_Y_PRODUCT = 4190400.000
    PANCHROMATIC_LINES = 15561
    PANCHROMATIC_SAMPLES = 15281
    REFLECTIVE_LINES = 7781
    REFLECTIVE_SAMPLES = 7641
    THERMAL_LINES = 7781
    THERMAL_SAMPLES = 7641
    FILE_NAME_BAND_1 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B1.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_2 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B2.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_3 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B3.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_4 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B4.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_5 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B5.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_6 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B6.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_7 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B7.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_8 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B8.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_9 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B9.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_10 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B10.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_11 = "LC81330332015240LGN00_B11.TIF"
    FILE_NAME_BAND_QUALITY = "LC81330332015240LGN00_BQA.TIF"
    METADATA_FILE_NAME = "LC81330332015240LGN00_MTL.txt"
    BPF_NAME_OLI = "LO8BPF20150828034431_20150828042558.02"
    BPF_NAME_TIRS = "LT8BPF20150828034037_20150828042710.02"
    CPF_NAME = "L8CPF20150701_20150930.02"
    RLUT_FILE_NAME = "L8RLUT20150303_20431231v11.h5"
  END_GROUP = PRODUCT_METADATA
  GROUP = IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES
    CLOUD_COVER = 3.79
    CLOUD_COVER_LAND = 3.79
    IMAGE_QUALITY_OLI = 9
    IMAGE_QUALITY_TIRS = 9
    TIRS_SSM_POSITION_STATUS = "NOMINAL"
    ROLL_ANGLE = -0.001
    SUN_AZIMUTH = 142.09548547
    SUN_ELEVATION = 55.57261870
    EARTH_SUN_DISTANCE = 1.0102265
    GROUND_CONTROL_POINTS_VERSION = 2
    GROUND_CONTROL_POINTS_MODEL = 406
    GEOMETRIC_RMSE_MODEL = 7.313
    GEOMETRIC_RMSE_MODEL_Y = 5.290
    GEOMETRIC_RMSE_MODEL_X = 5.048
    GROUND_CONTROL_POINTS_VERIFY = 104
    GEOMETRIC_RMSE_VERIFY = 3.494
  END_GROUP = IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES
  GROUP = MIN_MAX_RADIANCE
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_1 = 744.75226
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_1 = -61.50188
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_2 = 762.63544
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_2 = -62.97868
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_3 = 702.76202
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_3 = -58.03432
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_4 = 592.60852
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_4 = -48.93781
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_5 = 362.64688
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_5 = -29.94750
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_6 = 90.18697
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_6 = -7.44767
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_7 = 30.39784
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_7 = -2.51026
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_8 = 670.66974
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_8 = -55.38413
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_9 = 141.73062
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_9 = -11.70416
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_10 = 22.00180
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_10 = 0.10033
    RADIANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_11 = 22.00180
    RADIANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_11 = 0.10033
  END_GROUP = MIN_MAX_RADIANCE
  GROUP = MIN_MAX_REFLECTANCE
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_1 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_1 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_2 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_2 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_3 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_3 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_4 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_4 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_5 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_5 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_6 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_6 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_7 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_7 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_8 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_8 = -0.099980
    REFLECTANCE_MAXIMUM_BAND_9 = 1.210700
    REFLECTANCE_MINIMUM_BAND_9 = -0.099980
  END_GROUP = MIN_MAX_REFLECTANCE
  GROUP = MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUE
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_1 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_1 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_2 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_2 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_3 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_3 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_4 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_4 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_5 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_5 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_6 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_6 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_7 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_7 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_8 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_8 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_9 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_9 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_10 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_10 = 1
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MAX_BAND_11 = 65535
    QUANTIZE_CAL_MIN_BAND_11 = 1
  END_GROUP = MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUE
  GROUP = RADIOMETRIC_RESCALING
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_1 = 1.2303E-02
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_2 = 1.2598E-02
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_3 = 1.1609E-02
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_4 = 9.7895E-03
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_5 = 5.9907E-03
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_6 = 1.4898E-03
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_7 = 5.0215E-04
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_8 = 1.1079E-02
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_9 = 2.3413E-03
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_10 = 3.3420E-04
    RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_11 = 3.3420E-04
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_1 = -61.51419
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_2 = -62.99128
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_3 = -58.04593
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_4 = -48.94759
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_5 = -29.95349
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_6 = -7.44916
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_7 = -2.51077
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_8 = -55.39521
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_9 = -11.70650
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_10 = 0.10000
    RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_11 = 0.10000
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_1 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_2 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_3 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_4 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_5 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_6 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_7 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_8 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_9 = 2.0000E-05
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_1 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_2 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_3 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_4 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_5 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_6 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_7 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_8 = -0.100000
    REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_9 = -0.100000
  END_GROUP = RADIOMETRIC_RESCALING
  GROUP = TIRS_THERMAL_CONSTANTS
    K1_CONSTANT_BAND_10 = 774.8853
    K1_CONSTANT_BAND_11 = 480.8883
    K2_CONSTANT_BAND_10 = 1321.0789
    K2_CONSTANT_BAND_11 = 1201.1442
  END_GROUP = TIRS_THERMAL_CONSTANTS
  GROUP = PROJECTION_PARAMETERS
    MAP_PROJECTION = "UTM"
    DATUM = "WGS84"
    ELLIPSOID = "WGS84"
    UTM_ZONE = 47
    GRID_CELL_SIZE_PANCHROMATIC = 15.00
    GRID_CELL_SIZE_REFLECTIVE = 30.00
    GRID_CELL_SIZE_THERMAL = 30.00
    ORIENTATION = "NORTH_UP"
    RESAMPLING_OPTION = "CUBIC_CONVOLUTION"
  END_GROUP = PROJECTION_PARAMETERS
END_GROUP = L1_METADATA_FILE
END

重构思路

USGS版的MTL中group5 ~ group10是可以照抄到可用版本的group4 ~ group9。
可用版本的group3内容可以从USGS版的group2和group4中找到。
可用版本的group2内容可以从USGS版的group3和group1/group4中找到。
可用版本的group1内容可以从USGS版的group4中找到。

解决方案

经过试验，重构MTL这个方案可行，但我发现了另一种简单的解决方案，就是将第一行顶左的GROUP = LANDSAT_METADATA_FILE改为GROUP = L1_METADATA_FILE，倒数第二行的END_GROUP也一并修改。这么修改后ENVI就可以识别了，看来是ENVI定死了元数据的名称，而USGS没有同步这个规定。如果是二级数据应该也可以类似修改。