#include<iostream> #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> using namespace std; #define N 10 // 带编码字符的个数,即树中叶结点的最大个数 #define M 19 // 树中总的结点数目 class HTNode{ // 树中结点的结构 public: unsigned int weight; unsigned int parent,lchild,rchild; }; class HTCode{ public: char data; // 待编码的字符 int weight; // 字符的权值 char code[N]; // 字符的编码 }; void Init(HTCode hc[], int *n){// 初始化,读入待编码字符的个数n,从键盘输入n个字符和n个权值 cout<<"输入字符个数"<<endl; cin>>*n; cout<<"输入字符"<<endl; for(int i = 1; i <= *n; ++i) cin >> hc[i].data; cout << "输入权值" << endl; for(int i = 1; i <= *n; ++i) cin >> hc[i].weight; } void Select(HTNode ht[], int k, int *s1, int *s2){// ht[1...k]中选择parent为0,并且weight最小的两个结点,其序号由指针变量s1,s2指示 int i; for(i=1; i<=k && ht[i].parent != 0; ++i); *s1 = i; for(i=1; i<=k; ++i){ if(ht[i].parent==0 && ht[i].weight<=ht[*s1].weight) *s1 = i; }//找到最小的节点 for(i=1; i<=k; ++i){ if(ht[i].parent==0 && i!=*s1) break; } *s2 = i; for(i=1; i<=k; ++i){ if(ht[i].parent==0 && i!=*s1 && ht[i].weight<=ht[*s2].weight) *s2 = i; } } void HuffmanCoding(HTNode ht[],HTCode hc[],int n){// 构造Huffman树ht,并求出n个字符的编码 char cd[N]; int m,c,f,s1,s2,start; m = 2*n-1; for(int i=1; i<=m; ++i){ if(i <= n) ht[i].weight = hc[i].weight; else ht[i].parent = 0; ht[i].parent = ht[i].lchild = ht[i].rchild = 0; } for(int i=n+1; i<=m; ++i){ Select(ht, i-1, &s1, &s2); ht[s1].parent = i; ht[s2].parent = i; ht[i].lchild = s1; ht[i].rchild = s2; ht[i].weight = ht[s1].weight+ht[s2].weight; } cd[n-1] = '\0'; for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i){ start = n-1; for(c=i,f=ht[i].parent; f; c=f,f=ht[f].parent){ if(ht[f].lchild == c)//左为0,右为1 cd[--start] = '0'; else cd[--start] = '1'; } strcpy(hc[i].code, &cd[start]); } } int main() { int i,n; HTNode ht[M+1]; HTCode hc[N+1]; Init(hc, &n); // 初始化 HuffmanCoding(ht,hc,n); // 构造Huffman树,并形成字符的编码 for(i=1; i<=n; ++i) cout<<hc[i].data<<"---"<<hc[i].code<<endl; cout<<endl; return 0; }
哈夫曼树--贪心算法
最新推荐文章于 2025-04-16 22:20:03 发布