本文档详细介绍了在CentOS7系统上安装Jenkins的过程，包括安装JDK环境、配置仓库、安装Jenkins服务以及解决启动问题。在安装过程中遇到Jenkins因Java路径错误无法启动的问题，通过修改启动文件并重启服务得以解决。最后，完成了登录、安装插件、创建用户和重启服务的步骤，成功完成了Jenkins的安装。
安装jdk环境，1.8或以上版本。
本人此处使用ansible-playbook方式安装
[root@tcontrol ansible]# ansible-playbook java18.yml
PLAY [local] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [java : Include jdk 1.8 variables.] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [Check if java local file is already configured.] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [java : Create software directory.] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [Download java file.] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [java : Confirm the existence of the installation directory.] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [Copy java file to agent.] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [Check if java remote soft link is already configured.] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [Create java home dir.] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [Create java dir soft link.] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [java : Set JAVA_HOME if configured.] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [java version] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.96.24]
TASK [java : debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.96.24] => {
"result.stderr": "javac 1.8.0_261"
}
PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
172.16.96.24 : ok=11 changed=4 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=2 rescued=0 ignored=0
配置仓库
[root@tcontrol ansible]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.repo
--2020-08-28 11:23:00-- https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.repo
正在解析主机 pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)... 151.101.230.133, 2a04:4e42:1a::645
正在连接 pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)|151.101.230.133|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：71
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo”
100%[===================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 71 --.-K/s 用时 0s
2020-08-28 11:23:01 (4.05 MB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo” [71/71])
[root@tcontrol ansible]# rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.io.key
安装Jenkins
[root@tcontrol ansible]# yum install jenkins
已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/x86_64/metalink | 6.6 kB 00:00:00
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* elrepo: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
* epel: my.mirrors.thegigabit.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
elrepo | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
jenkins | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): jenkins/primary_db | 156 kB 00:00:01
(2/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 4.5 MB 00:00:05
(3/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:06
(4/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:01:07
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 jenkins.noarch.0.2.254-1.1 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
jenkins noarch 2.254-1.1 jenkins 64 M
事务概要
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：64 M
安装大小：64 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
jenkins-2.254-1.1.noarch.rpm | 64 MB 00:04:10
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : jenkins-2.254-1.1.noarch 1/1
验证中 : jenkins-2.254-1.1.noarch 1/1
已安装:
jenkins.noarch 0:2.254-1.1
完毕！
查看Jenkins服务状态，发现Jenkins服务因为java路径启动失败。
[root@tcontrol ~]# systemctl status jenkins.service
● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 五 2020-08-28 11:34:36 CST; 35s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 27468 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
8月 28 11:34:35 tcontrol systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol runuser[27474]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol jenkins[27468]: Starting Jenkins bash: /usr/bin/java: 没有那个文件或目录
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol runuser[27474]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session closed for user jenkins
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol jenkins[27468]: [失败]
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol systemd[1]: jenkins.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol systemd[1]: Unit jenkins.service entered failed state.
8月 28 11:34:36 tcontrol systemd[1]: jenkins.service failed.
修改启动文件
[root@tcontrol ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins
candidates="
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-11.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
/usr/bin/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_261/bin/java #加入服务器java实际的安装目录
"
重新加载文件并重启Jenkins服务
[root@tcontrol ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@tcontrol ~]# systemctl restart jenkins.service
[root@tcontrol ~]# systemctl status jenkins.service
● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 五 2020-08-28 11:40:48 CST; 4s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 27679 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 27697 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 48
Memory: 313.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/jenkins.service
└─27724 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_261/bin/java -Dcom.sun.akuma.Daemon=daemonized -Djava.awt.headless=true -DJENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins -jar /usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war --logfile=/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log --webroot=/var/cach...
8月 28 11:40:48 tcontrol systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...
8月 28 11:40:48 tcontrol runuser[27705]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)
8月 28 11:40:48 tcontrol runuser[27705]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session closed for user jenkins
8月 28 11:40:48 tcontrol jenkins[27697]: Starting Jenkins [ 确定 ]
8月 28 11:40:48 tcontrol systemd[1]: Started LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.
登录及安装相关插件
直接访问http://172.16.96.24:8080
[root@tcontrol ~]# cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
将内容粘贴登录,接下来安装插件
安装完插件建立用户，然后重启。完成安装。
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