android uri使用

最新推荐文章于 2021-09-08 19:50:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-09-08 19:50:08 发布

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本文详细介绍了 Android 中 URI 的构成及使用方法，包括如何通过 URI 访问不同类型的资源，如联系人、图片等。此外还介绍了 UriMatcher 和 ContentUris 的使用技巧。

就Android平台而言，URI主要分三个部分：scheme, authority and path。其中authority又分为host和port。格式如下：
scheme://host:port/path
举个实际的例子：
content://com.example.project:200/folder/subfolder/etc
\---------/ \---------------------------/ \---/ \--------------------------/
scheme                 host               port        path
                \--------------------------------/
                          authority

现在大家应该知道data flag中那些属性的含义了吧，看下data flag
<data android:host="string"
      android:mimeType="string"
      android:path="string"
      android:pathPattern="string"
      android:pathPrefix="string"
      android:port="string"
      android:scheme="string" />
但是我们在程序中一般是不直接用URI来标识CP的，是的，正如我们通常见到的用定义的常量来标识。例如standard CP中的Contacts，我们就用Contacts.People.CONTENT_URI来标识Contacts CP中People这个表。那么要标识某个具体的人怎么办呢？这就用到了ContentUris.withAppendedId() 和 Uri.withAppendedPath()。例如我们要表示content://contacts/people/20，那么我们就可以用如下语句：
Uri uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, 20); 或者
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(People.CONTENT_URI, "20");

举些例子，如：

所有联系人的Uri： content://contacts/people

某个联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people/5

所有图片Uri: content://media/external

某个图片的Uri：content://media/external/images/media/4

下面是一些常用的Uri

显示网页:
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri);
3. startActivity(it);

显示地图:
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri);
3. startActivity(it);

路径规划:
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI);
3. startActivity(it);

拨打电话:
调用拨号程序
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
3. startActivity(it);
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx");
2. Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri);
3. 要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="Android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />

发送SMS/MMS
调用发送短信的程序
1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
2. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
3. it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
4. startActivity(it);
发送短信
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
4. startActivity(it);
发送彩信
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");
4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
5. it.setType("image/png");
6. startActivity(it);

发送Email
1.
2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com");
3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
4. startActivity(it);
1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");
3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
4. it.setType("text/plain");
5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
1. Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
2. String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};
3. String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};
4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
6. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
7. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
8. it.setType("message/rfc822");
9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

添加附件
1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3[/url]");
4. sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

播放多媒体
1.
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
3. Uri uri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/song.mp3[/url]");
4. it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
5. startActivity(it);
1. Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
3. startActivity(it);

Uninstall 程序
1. Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
3. startActivity(it);

//调用相册
public static final String MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG = "image/*";
public static final int ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE = 0;
Intent getImage = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
getImage.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
getImage.setType(MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG);
startActivityForResult(getImage, ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE);

//调用系统相机应用程序，并存储拍下来的照片
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(Environment
.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/tucue", time + ".jpg")));
startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_GET_CAMERA_IMAGE);

uninstall apk
/**未测试
Uri uninstallUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uninstallUri);
*/
Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:"+wistatmap);
Intent uninstallIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, packageURI);
startActivity(uninstallIntent);

install apk
Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri);
play audio
Uri playUri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3[/url]");
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri);

//发送附件
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/eoe.mp3[/url]");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

//搜索应用
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where pkg_name is the full package path for an application

//进入联系人页面
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(People.CONTENT_URI);
startActivity(intent);

//查看指定联系人
Uri personUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, info.id);//info.id联系人ID
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(personUri);
startActivity(intent);

Android中Uri的使用

1.Uri

通用资源标志符（Universal Resource Identifier, 简称"URI"）。

Uri代表要操作的数据，Android上可用的每种资源 - 图像、视频片段等都可以用Uri来表示。

URI一般由三部分组成：

访问资源的命名机制。

存放资源的主机名。

资源自身的名称，由路径表示。

Android的Uri由以下三部分组成： "content://"、数据的路径、标示ID(可选)

举些例子，如：

所有联系人的Uri： content://contacts/people

某个联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people/5

所有图片Uri: content://media/external

某个图片的Uri：content://media/external/images/media/4

我们很经常需要解析Uri，并从Uri中获取数据。

Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类，分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris 。

虽然这两类不是非常重要，但是掌握它们的使用，会便于我们的开发工作。

下面就一起看一下这两个类的作用。

2.UriMatcher

UriMatcher 类主要用于匹配Uri.

使用方法如下。

首先第一步，初始化：

 
        UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

 
        UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

第二步注册需要的Uri:

 
        matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "people", PEOPLE);  
 matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "person/#", PEOPLE_ID);

 
        matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "people", PEOPLE);  
 matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "person/#", PEOPLE_ID);

第三部，与已经注册的Uri进行匹配:

 
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + "com.yfz.Lesson" + "/people");  
 int match = matcher.match(uri);  
        switch (match)  
        {  
            case PEOPLE:  
                return "vnd.Android.cursor.dir/people";  
            case PEOPLE_ID:  
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/people";  
            default:  
                return null;  
        }  
 
      

 
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + "com.yfz.Lesson" + "/people");  
 int match = matcher.match(uri);  
        switch (match)  
        {  
            case PEOPLE:  
                return "vnd.Android.cursor.dir/people";  
            case PEOPLE_ID:  
                return "vnd.Android.cursor.item/people";  
            default:  
                return null;  
        }  
 
      

match方法匹配后会返回一个匹配码Code，即在使用注册方法addURI时传入的第三个参数。

上述方法会返回"vnd.Android.cursor.dir/person".

总结:

--常量 UriMatcher.NO_MATCH 表示不匹配任何路径的返回码

--# 号为通配符

--* 号为任意字符

另外说一下，官方SDK说明中关于Uri的注册是这样写的：

 
        private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher();  
     static  
     {  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people", PEOPLE);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#", PEOPLE_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones", PEOPLE_PHONES);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones/#", PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods/#", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/deleted_people", DELETED_PEOPLE);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones", PHONES);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/filter/*", PHONES_FILTER);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/#", PHONES_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods", CONTACTMETHODS);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods/#", CONTACTMETHODS_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls", CALLS);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/filter/*", CALLS_FILTER);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/#", CALLS_ID);  
     }  
 
      

 
        private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher();  
     static  
     {  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people", PEOPLE);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#", PEOPLE_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones", PEOPLE_PHONES);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones/#", PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods/#", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/deleted_people", DELETED_PEOPLE);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones", PHONES);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/filter/*", PHONES_FILTER);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/#", PHONES_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods", CONTACTMETHODS);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods/#", CONTACTMETHODS_ID);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls", CALLS);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/filter/*", CALLS_FILTER);  
         sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/#", CALLS_ID);  
     }   
 
      

这个说明估计已经是Google官方没有更新，首先是初始化方法，没有传参，那么现在初始化时，实际是必须传参的。可以看一下Android2.2的源码，无参数的构造方法已经是private的了。

另外就是addURI这个方法，第二个参数开始时不需要"/"，否则是无法匹配成功的。

3.ContentUris

ContentUris 类用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分

1)为路径加上ID: withAppendedId(uri, id)

比如有这样一个Uri

 
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people")

 
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people")

通过withAppendedId方法，为该Uri加上ID

 
        Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);

 
        Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);

最后resultUri为: content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10

2)从路径中获取ID: parseId(uri)

 
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10")  
 long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);

 
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10")  
 long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);

最后personid 为 :10

附上实验的代码：

package com.yfz;
import com.yfz.log.Logger;
import Android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Lesson_14 extends Activity {
private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.yfz.Lesson";
private static final int PEOPLE = 1;
private static final int PEOPLE_ID = 2;
//NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码
private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
static
{
sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people", PEOPLE);
//这里的#代表匹配任意数字，另外还可以用*来匹配任意文本
sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people/#", PEOPLE_ID);
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Logger.d("------ Start Activity !!! ------");
Uri uri1 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people");
Logger.e("Uri:" + uri1);
Logger.d("Match 1" + getType(uri1));
Uri uri2 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people" + "/2");
Logger.e("Uri:" + uri2);
Logger.d("Match 2" + getType(uri2));
//拼接Uri
Uri cUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri1, 15);
Logger.e("Uri:" + cUri);
//获取ID
long id = ContentUris.parseId(cUri);
Logger.d("Uri ID: " + id);
}
private String getType(Uri uri) {
int match = sURIMatcher.match(uri);
switch (match)
{
case PEOPLE:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
case PEOPLE_ID:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
default:
return null;
}
}
}

一个android文件的Uri地址一般如下：

content://media/external/images/media/62026

这是一张图片的Uri，那么我们如何根据这个Uri获得其在文件系统中的路径呢？

其实很简单，直接上代码：

         /**
 * Try to return the absolute file path from the given Uri
 *
 * @param context
 * @param uri
 * @return the file path or null
 */
public static String getRealFilePath( final Context context, final Uri uri ) {
    if ( null == uri ) return null;
    final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
    String data = null;
    if ( scheme == null )
        data = uri.getPath();
    else if ( ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals( scheme ) ) {
        data = uri.getPath();
    } else if ( ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals( scheme ) ) {
        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query( uri, new String[] { ImageColumns.DATA }, null, null, null );
        if ( null != cursor ) {
            if ( cursor.moveToFirst() ) {
                int index = cursor.getColumnIndex( ImageColumns.DATA );
                if ( index > -1 ) {
                    data = cursor.getString( index );
                }
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
    return data;
}

那么假如我们有一个图片的路径地址又该如何获得其Uri呢？

            
                String type = Utils.ensureNotNull(intent.getType());
                Log.d(TAG, "uri is " + uri);
                if (uri.getScheme().equals("file") && (type.contains("image/"))) {
                    String path = uri.getEncodedPath();
                    Log.d(TAG, "path1 is " + path);
                    if (path != null) {
                        path = Uri.decode(path);
                        Log.d(TAG, "path2 is " + path);
                        ContentResolver cr = this.getContentResolver();
                        StringBuffer buff = new StringBuffer();
                        buff.append("(")
                                .append(Images.ImageColumns.DATA)
                                .append("=")
                                .append("'" + path + "'")
                                .append(")");
                        Cursor cur = cr.query(
                                Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                                new String[] { Images.ImageColumns._ID },
                                buff.toString(), null, null);
                        int index = 0;
                        for (cur.moveToFirst(); !cur.isAfterLast(); cur
                                .moveToNext()) {
                            index = cur.getColumnIndex(Images.ImageColumns._ID);
                            // set _id value
                            index = cur.getInt(index);
                        }
                        if (index == 0) {
                            //do nothing
                        } else {
                            Uri uri_temp = Uri
                                    .parse("content://media/external/images/media/"
                                            + index);
                            Log.d(TAG, "uri_temp is " + uri_temp);
                            if (uri_temp != null) {
                                uri = uri_temp;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }