MySQL数据库操作：备份、恢复与工具应用-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lilichuan132/article/details/131855582

数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下

1.创建student和score表
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);
创建score表。SQL代码如下：
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);
2.为student表和score表增加记录
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
3.备份数据库school到/backup目录
4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库
5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份
6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表
7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）
8.仅仅备份数据库结构
9.备份服务器上所有数据库
10.还原MySQL数据库
11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库
12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库
13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份
14.使用mydumper备份数据库
15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

// 按要求创建数据库和插入数据
mysql> use test1;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE student (
    -> id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
    -> name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
    -> sex VARCHAR(4) ,
    -> birth YEAR,
    -> department VARCHAR(20) ,
    -> address VARCHAR(50)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc student;
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field      | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id         | int(10)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| name       | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| sex        | varchar(4)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth      | year(4)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| department | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| address    | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE score (
    -> id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
    -> stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
    -> c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
    -> grade INT(10)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc score;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id     | int(10)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| stu_id | int(10)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| c_name | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| grade  | int(10)     | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
®机系', '湖南省衡阳市');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大    | 男   |  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
| 902 | 张老二    | 男   |  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
| 903 | 张三      | 女   |  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
| 904 | 李四      | 男   |  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
| 905 | 王五      | 女   |  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
| 906 | 王六      | 男   |  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
|  2 |    901 | 英语      |    80 |
|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

// 3.备份数据库test1到/backup目录
[root@localhostjx ~]# mkdir -p /backup/mysql
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat test1 >/backup/mysql/t1.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat -B test1 >/backup/mysql/t1_2.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat -B test1 | gzip >/backup/mysql/t1_3.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

// 4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -predhat test1 > t2.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

// 5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat -B test1 | gzip > /backup/mysql/t3.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

// 6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat test1 >/backup/mysql/t4.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

// 7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat -B team test1 > /backup/mysql/t5.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

//8.仅仅备份数据库结构
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump --no-data -uroot -predhat --databases test1 > /backup/mysql/t6.sq
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

// 9.备份服务器上所有数据库
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat -A >/backup/mysql/all.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

//10.还原MySQL数据库
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat -B test1 < /backup/mysql/t1_2.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

// 11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库
[root@localhostjx ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat -B test1 < /backup/mysql/t1_2.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

// 12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --socket=tmp/mysql.sock /backup/mysql/

[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --socket=tmp/mysql.sock --no-timestamps /backup/mysql/full_‘data+%F’

//13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

// 14.使用mydumper备份数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -uroot -predhat -B test1 -o /mysql_back
[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -uroot -predhat -B test1 -c -o /mysql_back
[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -uroot -predhat -B test1 -T student,course -o /backup/tables

// 15.使用mydumper恢复数据库
[root@localhost ~]# myloader -uroot -predhat -B test1 -o -d /mysql_back/
[root@localhost ~]# myloader -uroot -predhat -d /backup/tables/ -o -B test1