接上篇内核编译继续编一个简单的随内核加载的驱动。
1、进入内核代码所在路径
2、cd goldfish/drivers
3、mkdir hello
4、cd hello
5、创建hello.h
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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#ifndef _HELLO_ANDROID_H_
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#define _HELLO_ANDROID_H_
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#include <linux/cdev.h>
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#include <linux/semaphore.h>
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#define HELLO_DEVICE_NODE_NAME "hello"
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#define HELLO_DEVICE_FILE_NAME "hello"
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#define HELLO_DEVICE_PROC_NAME "hello"
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#define HELLO_DEVICE_CLASS_NAME "hello"
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struct hello_android_dev {
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int val;
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struct semaphore sem;
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struct cdev dev;
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};
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- #endif
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#include <linux/types.h>
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#include <linux/fs.h>
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#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
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#include <linux/device.h>
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#include <asm/uaccess.h>
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#include "hello.h"
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/*主设备和从设备号变量*/
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static int hello_major = 0;
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static int hello_minor = 0;
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/*设备类别和设备变量*/
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static struct class* hello_class = NULL;
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static struct hello_android_dev* hello_dev = NULL;
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/*传统的设备文件操作方法*/
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static int hello_open(struct inode* inode, struct
file* filp);
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static int hello_release(struct inode* inode, struct
file* filp);
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static ssize_t hello_read(struct file* filp, char
__user *buf, size_t count, loff_t* f_pos);
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static ssize_t hello_write(struct file* filp, const char
__user *buf, size_t count, loff_t* f_pos);
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/*设备文件操作方法表*/
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static struct file_operations hello_fops = {
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.owner = THIS_MODULE,
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.open = hello_open,
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.release = hello_release,
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.read = hello_read,
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.write = hello_write,
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};
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/*访问设置属性方法*/
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static ssize_t hello_val_show(struct device* dev, struct
device_attribute* attr, char*buf);
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static ssize_t hello_val_store(struct device* dev, struct
device_attribute* attr, const char* buf, size_t
count);
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/*定义设备属性*/
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static DEVICE_ATTR(val, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, hello_val_show, hello_val_store);
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/*打开设备方法*/
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static int hello_open(struct inode* inode, struct
file* filp) {
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struct hello_android_dev* dev;
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/*将自定义设备结构体保存在文件指针的私有数据域中,以便访问设备时拿来用*/
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dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct
hello_android_dev, dev);
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filp->private_data = dev;
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return 0;
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}
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/*设备文件释放时调用,空实现*/
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static int hello_release(struct inode* inode, struct
file* filp) {
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return 0;
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}
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/*读取设备的寄存器val的值*/
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static ssize_t hello_read(struct file* filp, char
__user *buf, size_t count, loff_t* f_pos) {
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ssize_t err = 0;
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struct hello_android_dev* dev = filp->private_data;
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/*同步访问*/
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if(down_interruptible(&(dev->sem))) {
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return -ERESTARTSYS;
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}
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if(count < sizeof(dev->val)) {
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goto out;
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}
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/*将寄存器val的值拷贝到用户提供的缓冲区*/
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if(copy_to_user(buf, &(dev->val), sizeof(dev->val))) {
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err = -EFAULT;
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goto out;
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}
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err = sizeof(dev->val);
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out:
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up(&(dev->sem));
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return err;
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}
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/*写设备的寄存器值val*/
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static ssize_t hello_write(struct file* filp, const char
__user *buf, size_t count, loff_t* f_pos) {
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struct hello_android_dev* dev = filp->private_data;
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ssize_t err = 0;
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/*同步访问*/
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if(down_interruptible(&(dev->sem))) {
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return -ERESTARTSYS;
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}
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if(count != sizeof(dev->val)) {
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goto out;
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}
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/*将用户提供的缓冲区的值写到设备寄存器去*/
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if(copy_from_user(&(dev->val), buf, count)) {
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err = -EFAULT;
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goto out;
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}
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err = sizeof(dev->val);
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out:
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up(&(dev->sem));
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return err;
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}
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/*读取寄存器val的值到缓冲区buf中,内部使用*/
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static ssize_t __hello_get_val(struct hello_android_dev* dev, char* buf) {
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int val = 0;
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/*同步访问*/
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if(down_interruptible(&(dev->sem))) {
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return -ERESTARTSYS;
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}
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val = dev->val;
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up(&(dev->sem));
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return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", val);
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}
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/*把缓冲区buf的值写到设备寄存器val中去,内部使用*/
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static ssize_t __hello_set_val(struct hello_android_dev* dev, const char* buf, size_t
count) {
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int val = 0;
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/*将字符串转换成数字*/
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val = simple_strtol(buf, NULL, 10);
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/*同步访问*/
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if(down_interruptible(&(dev->sem))) {
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return -ERESTARTSYS;
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}
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dev->val = val;
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up(&(dev->sem));
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return count;
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}
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/*读取设备属性val*/
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static ssize_t hello_val_show(struct device* dev, struct
device_attribute* attr, char*buf) {
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struct hello_android_dev* hdev = (struct
hello_android_dev*)dev_get_drvdata(dev);
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return __hello_get_val(hdev, buf);
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}
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/*写设备属性val*/
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static ssize_t hello_val_store(struct device* dev, struct
device_attribute* attr, const char* buf, size_t
count) {
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struct hello_android_dev* hdev = (struct
hello_android_dev*)dev_get_drvdata(dev);
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return __hello_set_val(hdev, buf, count);
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}
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/*读取设备寄存器val的值,保存在page缓冲区中*/
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static ssize_t hello_proc_read(char* page, char** start, off_t
off, int count, int* eof, void* data) {
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if(off > 0) {
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*eof = 1;
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return 0;
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}
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return __hello_get_val(hello_dev, page);
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}
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/*把缓冲区的值buff保存到设备寄存器val中去*/
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static ssize_t hello_proc_write(struct file* filp, const char
__user *buff, unsigned long len, void* data) {
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int err = 0;
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char* page = NULL;
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if(len > PAGE_SIZE) {
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printk(KERN_ALERT"The buff is too large: %lu.\n", len);
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return -EFAULT;
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}
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page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
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if(!page) {
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to alloc page.\n");
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return -ENOMEM;
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}
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/*先把用户提供的缓冲区值拷贝到内核缓冲区中去*/
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if(copy_from_user(page, buff, len)) {
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to copy buff from user.\n");
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err = -EFAULT;
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goto out;
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}
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err = __hello_set_val(hello_dev, page, len);
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out:
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free_page((unsigned long)page);
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return err;
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}
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/*创建/proc/hello文件*/
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static void hello_create_proc(void) {
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struct proc_dir_entry* entry;
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entry = create_proc_entry(HELLO_DEVICE_PROC_NAME, 0, NULL);
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if(entry) {
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entry->owner = THIS_MODULE;
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entry->read_proc = hello_proc_read;
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entry->write_proc = hello_proc_write;
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}
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}
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/*删除/proc/hello文件*/
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static void hello_remove_proc(void) {
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remove_proc_entry(HELLO_DEVICE_PROC_NAME, NULL);
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}
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/*初始化设备*/
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static int __hello_setup_dev(struct hello_android_dev* dev) {
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int err;
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dev_t devno = MKDEV(hello_major, hello_minor);
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memset(dev, 0, sizeof(struct
hello_android_dev));
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cdev_init(&(dev->dev), &hello_fops);
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dev->dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
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dev->dev.ops = &hello_fops;
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/*注册字符设备*/
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err = cdev_add(&(dev->dev),devno, 1);
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if(err) {
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return err;
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}
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/*初始化信号量和寄存器val的值*/
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init_MUTEX(&(dev->sem));
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dev->val = 0;
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return 0;
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}
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/*模块加载方法*/
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static int __init hello_init(void){
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int err = -1;
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dev_t dev = 0;
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struct device* temp = NULL;
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Initializing hello device.\n");
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/*动态分配主设备和从设备号*/
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err = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, 1, HELLO_DEVICE_NODE_NAME);
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if(err < 0) {
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to alloc char dev region.\n");
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goto fail;
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}
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hello_major = MAJOR(dev);
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hello_minor = MINOR(dev);
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/*分配helo设备结构体变量*/
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hello_dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct
hello_android_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
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if(!hello_dev) {
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err = -ENOMEM;
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to alloc hello_dev.\n");
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goto unregister;
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}
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/*初始化设备*/
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err = __hello_setup_dev(hello_dev);
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if(err) {
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to setup dev: %d.\n", err);
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goto cleanup;
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}
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/*在/sys/class/目录下创建设备类别目录hello*/
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hello_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, HELLO_DEVICE_CLASS_NAME);
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if(IS_ERR(hello_class)) {
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err = PTR_ERR(hello_class);
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to create hello class.\n");
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goto destroy_cdev;
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}
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/*在/dev/目录和/sys/class/hello目录下分别创建设备文件hello*/
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temp = device_create(hello_class, NULL, dev, "%s", HELLO_DEVICE_FILE_NAME);
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if(IS_ERR(temp)) {
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err = PTR_ERR(temp);
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to create hello device.");
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goto destroy_class;
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}
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/*在/sys/class/hello/hello目录下创建属性文件val*/
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err = device_create_file(temp, &dev_attr_val);
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if(err < 0) {
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Failed to create attribute val.");
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goto destroy_device;
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}
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dev_set_drvdata(temp, hello_dev);
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/*创建/proc/hello文件*/
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hello_create_proc();
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Succedded to initialize hello device.\n");
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return 0;
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destroy_device:
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device_destroy(hello_class, dev);
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destroy_class:
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class_destroy(hello_class);
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destroy_cdev:
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cdev_del(&(hello_dev->dev));
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cleanup:
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kfree(hello_dev);
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unregister:
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unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(hello_major, hello_minor), 1);
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fail:
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return err;
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}
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/*模块卸载方法*/
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static void __exit hello_exit(void) {
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dev_t devno = MKDEV(hello_major, hello_minor);
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printk(KERN_ALERT"Destroy hello device.\n");
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/*删除/proc/hello文件*/
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hello_remove_proc();
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/*销毁设备类别和设备*/
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if(hello_class) {
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device_destroy(hello_class, MKDEV(hello_major, hello_minor));
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class_destroy(hello_class);
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}
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/*删除字符设备和释放设备内存*/
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if(hello_dev) {
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cdev_del(&(hello_dev->dev));
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kfree(hello_dev);
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}
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/*释放设备号*/
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unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
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}
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MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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MODULE_DESCRIPTION("First Android Driver");
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module_init(hello_init);
- module_exit(hello_exit);
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- config HELLO
- tristate "First Android Driver"
- default n
- help
- This is the first android driver.
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- obj-$(CONFIG_HELLO) += hello.o
10、在Kconfig文件中的menu "Device Drivers"和endmenu之间添加:
source "drivers/hello/Kconfig"
11、进入内核源代码的goldfish/drivers路径
12、在Kconfig文件中的menu "Device Drivers"和endmenu之间添加:
source "drivers/hello/Kconfig"
13、在Makefile文件中添加:
obj-$(CONFIG_HELLO) += hello/
14、进入goldfish路径
15、make menuconfig
"Device Drivers" => "First Android Drivers"选项选中
16、make
17、emulator -kernel 内核源代码路径/goldfish/arch/arm/boot/zImage -avd a_avd&
18、adb shell
19、察看驱动是否随内核加载
ls /dev
ls /proc
20、验证驱动是否可用
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- cd proc
- cat hello
- echo '5' > hello
- cat hello
- cd /sys/class
- cd hello
- cd hello
- cat val
- echo '0' > val
- cat val
本文详细介绍了如何在Android内核中构建一个简单的驱动,包括创建源文件、配置、编译和加载过程,以及如何验证驱动是否随内核加载成功。
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