linux c目录与普通文件-优快云博客

本文介绍Linux环境下使用C语言进行文件和目录操作的基本方法，包括创建、删除文件与目录，以及如何打开、关闭、读写文件。

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文章内容参考21天学通linux c编程

目录函数

mkdir rmdir

文件函数

creat remove

open close write read leek

文章内容参考21天学通linux c编程

目录函数

mkdir rmdir

新建目录

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h> 
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   extern int errno;
   char *path="/root/tmp11";
   
   if(mkdir(path,0766)==0)
   {
   	  printf("created the directory %s.\n",path);
   }
   else
   {   	  
   	  printf("cant't creat the directory %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  ：%s\n",strerror(errno));	
   }
}

删除目录

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h> 
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   extern int errno;
   char *path="/root/tmp11";
   
   if(rmdir(path)==0)
   {
   	  printf("deleted the directory %s.\n",path);
   }
   else
   {   	  
   	  printf("cant't delete the directory %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno : %d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  : %s\n",strerror(errno));	
   }
}

文件函数

creat remove

open close write read leek

---新建文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   extern int errno;
   char *path="/root/tmp.txt";
   
   if(creat(path,0766)==-1)
   {
  	  printf("cant't create the file %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
   }
   else
   {   	  
      printf("created file %s.\n",path);	
   }
}

-----删除

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   extern int errno;
   char path[]="mytemp";
   
   if(remove(path)==0)
   {
      printf("Deleted file %s.\n",path);	
   }
   else
   {
      printf("cant't delete the file %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno: %d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  : %s\n",strerror(errno));
   }
}

打开文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   int fd,fd1;
   char path[]="/root/txt1.txt";
   extern int errno; 
   fd=open(path,O_WRONLY,0766);
   if(fd!=-1)
   {
      printf("opened file %s  .\n",path);	
   }
   else
   {
      printf("cant't open file %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
   }
   
   fd1=open(path,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT,0766);
   if(fd1!=-1)
   {
      printf("opened file %s  .\n",path);	
   }
   else
   {
      printf("cant't open file %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
   }
}

关闭文件
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
main()
{
int fd;
char path[]="/root/txt1.txt";
extern int errno;

fd=open(path,O_RDONLY ,0766);
if(fd!=-1)
{
printf("opened file %s .\n",path);
}
else
{
printf("cant't open file %s.\n",path);
printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
printf("ERR ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
}

if(close(fd)==0)
{
printf("closed.\n");
}
else
{
printf("close file %s error.\n",path);
printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
printf("ERR ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
}

if(close(1156)==0)
{
printf("closed.\n");
}
else
{
printf("close file %s error.\n",path);
printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
printf("ERR ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
}
}

写入

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   int fd;
   char path[]="/root/txt1.txt";
   char s[]="hello ,Linux.\nI've leart C program for two weeks.\n";
   extern int errno; 
   
   fd=open(path,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT);
   if(fd!=-1)
   {
      printf("opened file %s  .\n",path);	
   }
   else
   {
      printf("cant't open file %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
   }
   write(fd,s,sizeof(s));
   close(fd);  
   printf("Done");
}

读文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   int fd;
   char path[]="/root/a.txt";
   int size;
   char s[100];
   extern int errno; 
   
   fd=open(path,O_RDONLY);
   if(fd!=-1)
   {
      printf("opened file %s  .\n",path);	
   }
   else
   {
      printf("cant't open file %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
   }
   
   size=read(fd,s,sizeof(s));
   close(fd);
   printf("%s\n",s);
   printf("%d\n",size);
   close(fd);  
}

读取重定位

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
main()
{ 
   int fd;
   char path[]="/root/txt1.txt";
   int size;
   char s[100]="";
   extern int errno; 
   
   fd=open(path,O_RDONLY);
   if(fd!=-1)
   {
      printf("opened file %s  .\n",path);	
   }
   else
   {
      printf("cant't open file %s.\n",path);
   	  printf("errno：%d\n",errno);
   	  printf("ERR  ：%s\n",strerror(errno));
   }
   
   size=read(fd,s,3);    
   printf("%d  :",size);
   printf("%s\n",s);
  
   size=read(fd,s,3); 
   printf("%d  :",size);
   printf("%s\n",s);
   
   lseek(fd,8,SEEK_SET);
   size=read(fd,s,3);
   printf("%d  :",size);
   printf("%s\n",s);

   lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
   size=read(fd,s,3);
   printf("%d  :",size);
   printf("%s\n",s);
         
   close(fd);  
}