安装MySQL5.7的正确姿势

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本文详细介绍了在CentOS7环境下，采用二进制方式安装MySQL Community 5.7.26的具体步骤，包括环境准备、用户创建、依赖包安装、软链接创建、存储路径设置、初始化及服务启动等过程。

1，安装环境

OS 版本: CentOS 7
MySQL 版本: MySQL Community 5.7.26
MySQL下载：http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

2，正确的安装方式

MySQL的正确的安装姿势应该选择二进制安装，理由如下：
1，安装快捷，直接下载二进制文件，解压使用；
2，可定制化程度高；
3，可安装指定版本。

3，安装前准备

3.1，解压二进制程序

wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
sudo tar xf mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
sudo mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

3.2，创建mysql用户

sudo groupadd -g 27 mysql
sudo useradd -u 27 -s /bin/nologin  -g mysql mysql

3.3，安装mysql环境包

sudo yum -y install numactl

解决 mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

sudo yum install -y libaio

解决 mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

3.4，创建mysql软连接

在/usr/bin中添加常用mysql命令

sudo ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld /usr/bin/
sudo ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin/
sudo ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin/
sudo ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlshow /usr/bin/
sudo ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
sudo ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/perror /usr/bin/

3.5，创建mysql存储路径

数据目录

sudo mkdir /data/mysql

日志目录

sudo mkdir /data/logs/{binlog,mysql} -pv

4，初始化mysql程序

sudo mysqld --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/

2019-10-18T07:05:59.054653Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-10-18T07:05:59.099041Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-10-18T07:05:59.155749Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: bcbe288c-f175-11e9-a273-0242ac11000a.
2019-10-18T07:05:59.156470Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-10-18T07:05:59.157377Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ikhye6N&i(eP

注意：
–explicit_defaults_for_timestamp表示明确指定创建文件的默认时间戳，不加该参数，报错和提示如下：

sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/
mysqld: Can't create directory '/data/mysql/' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
2019-10-18T05:38:15.187083Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-10-18T05:38:15.190312Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

5，启动mysql服务

sudo mysqld --user=mysql &

注意：
启动命令也可添加其他选项，例如：

sudo mysqld --user=mysql --port=33306 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --server-id=5

其他管理命令

1，检查mysql服务状态

mysqladmin -uroot -p status
Enter password: 
Uptime: 23989  Threads: 8  Questions: 22  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 119  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 112  Queries per second avg: 0.000

2，关闭mysql服务

sudo mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown
Enter password: