【回溯】22. Generate Parentheses

本文介绍了一个使用递归方法生成所有有效括号组合的C++算法实现。通过控制左括号和右括号的数量来确保生成的有效性,并采用回溯策略进行搜索。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {

    	int left=0,right=0;
    	vector<string> ans;
    	string temp;

    	generate(ans,temp,left,right,n);
    	return ans;       
    }

    void generate(vector<string> &ans,string temp,int left,int right,int n)
    {
    	if(left==n&&right==n)
    	{
    		ans.push_back(temp);
    		return ;
    	}
    	
		
		if(left>right&&left<n)
		{
			temp +='(';
			left++;
			generate(ans,temp,left,right,n);	

			temp.erase(temp.size()-1,1);
			left--;

			temp +=')';		
			right++;			
			generate(ans,temp,left,right,n);
		}
		else
			if(left==right)
			{
				temp += '(';
				left++;
				generate(ans,temp,left,right,n);	
			}
			else
				if(left>right&&left==n)
				{
					temp += ')';
					right++;
					generate(ans, temp, left, right, n);
				}	
				else
					if (left < right)
						return;			
    }
};

#include <cassert> /// for assert #include <iostream> /// for I/O operation #include <vector> /// for vector container /** @brief Backtracking algorithms @namespace backtracking / namespace backtracking { /* @brief generate_parentheses class */ class generate_parentheses { private: std::vectorstd::string res; ///< Contains all possible valid patterns void makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open); public: std::vectorstd::string generate(int n); }; /** @brief function that adds parenthesis to the string. @param str string build during backtracking @param n number of pairs of parentheses @param closed number of closed parentheses @param open number of open parentheses */ void generate_parentheses::makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open) { if (closed > open) // We can never have more closed than open return; if ((str.length() == 2 * n) && (closed != open)) { // closed and open must be the same return; } if (str.length() == 2 * n) { res.push_back(str); return; } makeStrings(str + ')', n, closed + 1, open); makeStrings(str + '(', n, closed, open + 1); } /** @brief wrapper interface @param n number of pairs of parentheses @return all well-formed pattern of parentheses */ std::vectorstd::string generate_parentheses::generate(int n) { backtracking::generate_parentheses::res.clear(); std::string str = “(”; generate_parentheses::makeStrings(str, n, 0, 1); return res; } } // namespace backtracking /** @brief Self-test implementations @returns void */ static void test() { int n = 0; std::vectorstd::string patterns; backtracking::generate_parentheses p; n = 1; patterns = {{“()”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 3; patterns = {{“()()()”}, {“()(())”}, {“(())()”}, {“(()())”}, {“((()))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 4; patterns = {{“()()()()”}, {“()()(())”}, {“()(())()”}, {“()(()())”}, {“()((()))”}, {“(())()()”}, {“(())(())”}, {“(()())()”}, {“(()()())”}, {“(()(()))”}, {“((()))()”}, {“((())())”}, {“((()()))”}, {“(((())))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); std::cout << “All tests passed\n”; } /** @brief Main function @returns 0 on exit */ int main() { test(); // run self-test implementations return 0; } 在这段代码的基础上为C++初学者出几个练习题?
最新发布
03-08
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