IP网络基础汇总：你应该懂的知识

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-02 19:41:02 发布

ldhlsj

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-02 19:41:02 发布

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文章标签：网络 dependencies algorithm standards authentication attributes

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/ldhlsj/article/details/4751415

本文全面介绍了IP网络技术的关键知识点，覆盖了IP网络基础理论、以太网交换基础、TCP/IP协议、IP路由协议等核心内容，并深入探讨了VPN技术、安全冗余技术、QoS基础及IP组播等方面。

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IP网络基础汇总：你应该懂的知识收藏
1、基本IP网络理论
A. OSI模型
B. 路由协议概念 (Split horizon, Link state, difference between switching and routing, Summarization,
                       距离矢量 vs. 链路状态, loops, Tunneling)
C. Standards (802.x, cable specs, protocol limitations)
D. 协议机制 (Windowing/ACK, fragmentation, MTU, handshaking, termination)
2、以太网交换基础
A. Data Link Layer (addressing, 802.2)
B. Ethernet/FE/GE (encapsulation, CSMA/CD, topology, speed, controller errors, limitations)
C. 以太网交换 (Trunking, VTP, DISL, VLANS, Fast Ether Channel (FEC), CDP, CGMP)
D. 安全(VACL, RACL, Private VLANS)
E. STP生成树协议
3、TCP/IP协议
A. IP地址 (CIDR, subnetting, ARP, NAT, HSRP)
B. 一些IP网络服务 (DNS, BOOTP, DHCP, ICMP)
C. 应用协议 (telnet, FTP, TFTP)
D. TCP/UDP (IP fragmentation, sockets, ports)
E. 访问控制列表ACLs
F. IPv6基础
4、IP路由协议
A. OSPF (I -Design: areas, Virtual links, stub, NSSA, ABR/ASBR redistributions, media dependencies,
                     external vs. internal, Summarization.
                 II - Operation: DR, BDR, adjacencies, LSA types, link state database, SPF algorithm, authentication)
B. BGP( I -Design: Peer Groups, Route Reflectors, Confederations, Clusters, Attributes, AS.
               II - Operation: Route Maps, Filters, Neighbors, decision algorithm, IBGP, EBGP)
C. EIGRP (Metrics, mechanics, & design)
D. IS-IS (Metrics, mechanics, & design)
E. ACLs (distribute lists, route maps, policy routing, redistribution, route tagging)
F IGRP
G. RIP
H. RIPv2
5、VPN技术
GRE、MPLS L2VPN/L3VPN、IPSEC、L2TP
6、安全冗余技术
PAGP/LACP、STP、HSRP/VRRP、快速收敛、NSF
7、QoS基础
IP优先级、TOS
8、WAN广域网
9、IP组播
A. 编址、IGMP/CGMP (IGMPv1, IGMPv2, Designated Querier)、PIM SM/DM、模式