java springboot+mybatis 配置多数据源（简洁明了）

于 2025-06-04 11:20:33 发布
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分类专栏： java 文章标签： spring boot mybatis 后端
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/ladack/article/details/148422654

前言：网上找了很多配置多数据源的，霹雳啪啦一堆不想看，自己写一个简捷版的，因为在实际工作中可能会涉及到多个库或者不同ip地址的数据库，话不多说，直接上代码。

1.项目结构

2.代码实现

1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.13</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hengbao</groupId>
    <!-- 显式声明打包类型为JAR -->
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <artifactId>demo2</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo2</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 如果需要可执行JAR，移除scope=provided或删除此依赖 -->
        <!-- <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency> -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 配置处理器（关键） -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- HikariCP 连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
            <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hengbao.demo2.Demo2Application</mainClass>
                    <!-- 启用Spring Boot打包 -->
                    <skip>false</skip>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

里面这两个依赖记得引入，我们配置多数据源用的到

2.application.properties

其中主要是配置了两个数据库的连接信息

# 禁用自动配置
spring.autoconfigure.exclude=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
                           org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration

# 主数据源配置
spring.datasource.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/web_service
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource

# HikariCP 配置 - 使用标准属性名
spring.datasource.maximum-pool-size=10
spring.datasource.minimum-idle=2
spring.datasource.idle-timeout=30000
spring.datasource.pool-name=PrimaryHikariPool
spring.datasource.max-lifetime=1800000
spring.datasource.connection-timeout=30000
spring.datasource.connection-test-query=SELECT 1

# 从数据源配置
spring.second-datasource.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/second_database
spring.second-datasource.username=root
spring.second-datasource.password=
spring.second-datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.second-datasource.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource

# HikariCP 配置 - 使用标准属性名
spring.second-datasource.maximum-pool-size=10
spring.second-datasource.minimum-idle=2
spring.second-datasource.idle-timeout=30000
spring.second-datasource.pool-name=SecondaryHikariPool
spring.second-datasource.max-lifetime=1800000
spring.second-datasource.connection-timeout=30000
spring.second-datasource.connection-test-query=SELECT 1

# ====================== MyBatis 配置（可选，若使用全局路径需谨慎）=====================
# 若各数据源Mapper路径独立，建议注释以下全局配置，仅在DataSourceConfig中配置
# mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mappers/*.xml
# mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.hengbao.demo2.entity

# 日志配置（可选，用于调试SQL）
mybatis.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
logging.level.com.hengbao.demo2.mapper=DEBUG

3.DataSourceConfig

这个配置文件主要就是规定了哪个mapper包下的sql语句连哪个数据库，然后数据源的创建初始化

package com.hengbao.demo2.config;

import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@Slf4j
@EnableConfigurationProperties
// 为每个数据源创建单独的 @MapperScan 注解
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.hengbao.demo2.mapper.primary", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "primarySqlSessionTemplate")
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.hengbao.demo2.mapper.secondary", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "secondarySqlSessionTemplate")
public class DataSourceConfig {

    private final PrimaryDataSourceProperties primaryProps;
    private final SecondaryDataSourceProperties secondaryProps;

    public DataSourceConfig(PrimaryDataSourceProperties primaryProps,
                            SecondaryDataSourceProperties secondaryProps) {
        this.primaryProps = primaryProps;
        this.secondaryProps = secondaryProps;
    }

    // 主数据源配置（保持不变）
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "primaryDataSource")
    public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
        HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(primaryProps.getJdbcUrl());
        dataSource.setUsername(primaryProps.getUsername());
        dataSource.setPassword(primaryProps.getPassword());
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(primaryProps.getDriverClassName());
        dataSource.setMaximumPoolSize(primaryProps.getMaximumPoolSize());
        dataSource.setMinimumIdle(primaryProps.getMinimumIdle());
        dataSource.setIdleTimeout(primaryProps.getIdleTimeout());
        dataSource.setPoolName(primaryProps.getPoolName());
        dataSource.setMaxLifetime(primaryProps.getMaxLifetime());
        dataSource.setConnectionTimeout(primaryProps.getConnectionTimeout());
        dataSource.setConnectionTestQuery(primaryProps.getConnectionTestQuery());

        log.info("主数据源配置: {}", dataSource.getJdbcUrl());
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "primarySqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean primarySqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("primaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.hengbao.demo2.entity");
        return bean;
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "primaryTransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager primaryTransactionManager(@Qualifier("primaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "primarySqlSessionTemplate")
    public SqlSessionTemplate primarySqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("primarySqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory.getObject());
    }

    // 从数据源配置（保持不变）
    @Bean(name = "secondaryDataSource")
    public DataSource secondaryDataSource() {
        HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(secondaryProps.getJdbcUrl());
        dataSource.setUsername(secondaryProps.getUsername());
        dataSource.setPassword(secondaryProps.getPassword());
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(secondaryProps.getDriverClassName());
        dataSource.setMaximumPoolSize(secondaryProps.getMaximumPoolSize());
        dataSource.setMinimumIdle(secondaryProps.getMinimumIdle());
        dataSource.setIdleTimeout(secondaryProps.getIdleTimeout());
        dataSource.setPoolName(secondaryProps.getPoolName());
        dataSource.setMaxLifetime(secondaryProps.getMaxLifetime());
        dataSource.setConnectionTimeout(secondaryProps.getConnectionTimeout());
        dataSource.setConnectionTestQuery(secondaryProps.getConnectionTestQuery());

        log.info("从数据源配置: {}", dataSource.getJdbcUrl());
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean(name = "secondarySqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean secondarySqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.hengbao.demo2.entity");
        return bean;
    }

    @Bean(name = "secondaryTransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager secondaryTransactionManager(@Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "secondarySqlSessionTemplate")
    public SqlSessionTemplate secondarySqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("secondarySqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory.getObject());
    }
}

4.PrimaryDataSourceProperties 和 SecondaryDataSourceProperties

这两块主要是从配置文件application.properties中读取配置信息并创建到容器中管理

package com.hengbao.demo2.config;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public class PrimaryDataSourceProperties {
    private String jdbcUrl;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String driverClassName;
    private int maximumPoolSize;
    private int minimumIdle;
    private long idleTimeout;
    private String poolName;
    private long maxLifetime;
    private long connectionTimeout;
    private String connectionTestQuery;
}
package com.hengbao.demo2.config;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.second-datasource")
public class SecondaryDataSourceProperties {
    private String jdbcUrl;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String driverClassName;
    private int maximumPoolSize;
    private int minimumIdle;
    private long idleTimeout;
    private String poolName;
    private long maxLifetime;
    private long connectionTimeout;
    private String connectionTestQuery;
}

5.Demo2Application

这个主要是排除默认数据源配置，使用我们上面自定义的数据源配置

package com.hengbao.demo2;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class Demo2Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Demo2Application.class, args);
    }
}

通过如上配置，我们就在springboot项目中完成了多数源配置，下面我们来测试下

3.数据测试

1.通过democontroller /demo读取的是我们第二个库中的数据

2.通过usercontroller /index.html读取的是我们第一个库中的数据

自此验证成功，代码我放在附件中，需要的自行参考。

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