Artificial Intelligence Programming with Python 笔记一

Artificial Intelligence Programming with Python 一书，主要对当前火热的AI技术做了简单介绍，适合了解一下当下最流行的AI技术，没有很复杂的数学知识，有一些简单的代码，可以测试。本文主要摘录第一章对AI技术的简介和AI发展的历史。

AI的历史，最早可以追溯到冯诺依曼的计算机。

AI发展的3个阶段：

1. 1950s–1970s, neural networks (NNs): During this period, neural networks, also called artificial neural networks (ANNs), were developed based on human brains that mimic the human biological neural networks. An NN usually has three layers: an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. To use an NN, you need to train the NN with a large amount of given data. After training, the NN can then be used to predict results for unseen data. NNs attracted a lot of attention during this period. After the 1970s, when NNs failed to live up to their promises, known as AI hype, funding and research activities were dramatically cut. This was called an AI winter.
   20世纪50年代至70年代，神经网络（NNs）：在这一时期࿰