linux新建用户切换后显示-bash-4.1$(转载)

本文介绍了如何通过复制/etc/skel目录下的配置文件至新建MQM用户的家目录来解决终端显示异常的问题。并详细说明了如何正确复制隐藏文件。

今天新建了一个MQM的用户 ,

[plain]  view plain copy
  1. useradd -g mqm -d /var/mqm
  2. passwd mqm

终端中显示 -bash-4.1$而不是 [mqm@locahost~]

百度了下。据说是因为缺少配置文件。

将/etc/skel中的文件全部复制到/var/mqm/之后,问题就得到了解决。 操作如下

[plain]  view plain copy
  1. cp -a /etc/skel/.  /var/mqm        ;-a表示复制隐藏文件  

最开始是用的

[plain]  view plain copy
  1. cp /etc/skel/* /var/mqm           ;只复制所有非隐藏文件,而不复制隐藏文件  
操作之后没有效果。之后cd /etc/skel下,ls看了下,是空的。百度后知道是隐藏文件。

linux中以 .开头的文件默认隐藏。在命令中加入-a可以对隐藏文件进行操作。

[plain]  view plain copy
  1. ls -a /etc/skel          ;可以查看隐藏文件。  
  2.   
  3. cp -a /etc/skel/.  /     ;可以复制隐藏文件。  


如果想将一个文件隐藏,只要在文件名之前加上“ . ”即可

[html]  view plain copy
  1. mv test  .test           ;隐藏test文件  

[root@yfw ~]# cd /etc/systemd/system [root@yfw system]# sudo cat > /opt/openfire/bin/start.sh << 'EOF' > #!/bin/bash > > export OPENFIRE_HOME="/opt/openfire" > export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk" > export JAVA="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" > export LOG_FILE="$OPENFIRE_HOME/logs/nohup.out" > > # 动态构建 classpath > CP="" > for jar in "$OPENFIRE_HOME/lib"/*.jar; do > if [ -f "$jar" ]; then > CP="$CP:$jar" > fi > done > CP="${CP#:}" > > # 必须切换到 OPENFIRE_HOME > cd "$OPENFIRE_HOME" || { echo "Cannot access $OPENFIRE_HOME"; exit 1; } > > # 清理旧日志 > > "$LOG_FILE" > > echo "Using Java: $JAVA" > echo "Java Version:" > "$JAVA" -version > > echo "Classpath: $CP" > echo "Starting OpenFire..." > > # 关键:使用 su 切换用户 + 保证环境和工作目录 > su -s /bin/sh -c " > cd '$OPENFIRE_HOME'; > exec '$JAVA' \ > -server \ > -Xms64m \ > -Xmx512m \ > -DopenfireHome='$OPENFIRE_HOME' \ > -Dopenfire.lib.dir='$OPENFIRE_HOME/lib' \ > -Dlog4j.configurationFile='file://$OPENFIRE_HOME/lib/log4j2.xml' \ > -classpath '$CP' \ > org.jivesoftware.openfire.starter.ServerStarter > " openfire >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 & > > echo $! > "$OPENFIRE_HOME/logs/openfire.pid" > echo "OpenFire started (PID $!)" > echo "Check logs: tail -f $LOG_FILE" > EOF [root@yfw system]# sudo chmod +x /opt/openfire/bin/start.sh [root@yfw system]# sudo chown -R openfire:openfire /opt/openfire [root@yfw system]# /opt/openfire/bin/start.sh Using Java: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk/bin/java Java Version: openjdk version "17.0.1" 2021-10-19 LTS OpenJDK Runtime Environment 21.9 (build 17.0.1+12-LTS) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 21.9 (build 17.0.1+12-LTS, mixed mode, sharing) Classpath: /opt/openfire/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/apache-el-9.0.107.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/apache-jsp-9.0.107.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/asm-9.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/asm-commons-9.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/asm-tree-9.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcpg-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcpkix-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcprov-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcutil-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/caffeine-3.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/checker-qual-3.33.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/common-image-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/common-io-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/common-lang-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-codec-1.15.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-dbcp2-2.9.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-ip-math-1.32.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-lang3-3.18.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-logging-1.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-pool2-2.9.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-text-1.10.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/dom4j-2.1.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/dwr-3.0.2-RELEASE.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ecj-3.33.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/error_prone_annotations-2.18.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/failureaccess-1.0.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/guava-32.0.1-jre.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/hsqldb-2.7.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/httpclient-4.5.13.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/httpcore-4.4.13.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/i18n-5.0.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/imageio-bmp-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/imageio-core-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/istack-commons-runtime-3.0.11.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/j2objc-annotations-2.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.activation-1.2.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.transaction-api-1.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jansi-1.18.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/javax.activation-api-1.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/javax.mail-1.6.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jaxb-api-2.3.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jaxb-runtime-2.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jaxen-1.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jcip-annotations-1.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-2.0.9.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-annotations-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-apache-jsp-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-nested-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-plus-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-security-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-servlet-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-webapp-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-jetty-api-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-jetty-common-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-jetty-server-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-servlet-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-http-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-io-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-jmx-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-jndi-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-plus-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-security-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-server-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-servlet-api-4.0.6.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-session-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-util-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-websocket-core-common-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-websocket-core-server-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-xml-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jmdns-1.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jsmpp-2.3.10.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/json-20231013.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jspecify-1.0.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jsr305-3.0.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jtds-1.3.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jzlib-1.1.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/libidn-1.35.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/listenablefuture-9999.0-empty-to-avoid-conflict-with-guava.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/log4j-api-2.20.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/log4j-core-2.20.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/log4j-slf4j2-impl-2.20.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/mssql-jdbc-9.4.1.jre11.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/mysql-connector-j-8.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-all-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-buffer-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-dns-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-haproxy-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-http2-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-http-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-memcache-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-mqtt-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-redis-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-smtp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-socks-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-stomp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-xml-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-common-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-handler-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-handler-proxy-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-handler-ssl-ocsp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-classes-macos-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-native-macos-4.1.118.Final-osx-aarch_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-native-macos-4.1.118.Final-osx-x86_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-classes-kqueue-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.118.Final-linux-aarch_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.118.Final-linux-riscv64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.118.Final-linux-x86_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.1.118.Final-osx-aarch_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.1.118.Final-osx-x86_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-rxtx-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-sctp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-udt-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ojdbc11-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ons-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/oraclepki-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/orai18n-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/postgresql-42.7.7.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/rsi-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/shaj-0.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/simplefan-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/sitemesh-2.5.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/slf4j-api-2.0.9.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/startup.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/tinder-2.1.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/txw2-2.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ucp-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/xdb-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/xmppserver-5.0.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/xpp3-1.1.4c.0.jar Starting OpenFire... OpenFire started (PID 1095995) Check logs: tail -f /opt/openfire/logs/nohup.out [root@yfw system]# tail -f /opt/openfire/logs/nohup.out at java.base/java.lang.reflect.ReflectAccess.newInstance(ReflectAccess.java:128) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory.newInstance(ReflectionFactory.java:347) at java.base/java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:645) at org.jivesoftware.openfire.starter.ServerStarter.start(ServerStarter.java:92) at org.jivesoftware.openfire.starter.ServerStarter.main(ServerStarter.java:56) Error starting the server. Please check the log files for more information. Critical Error! The home directory has not been configured, which will prevent the application from working correctly.
最新发布
11-16
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值