git revert

本文详细介绍了如何使用git-revert命令来回滚已经存在的代码变更,包括命令的基本用法、参数解释以及注意事项。通过使用此命令,开发者可以轻松地撤销之前的错误提交,同时保留工作目录的现有更改。

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NAME
       git-revert - Revert an existing commit


SYNOPSIS
       git revert [--edit | --no-edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>


DESCRIPTION
       Given one existing commit, revert the change the patch introduces, and
       record a new commit that records it
. This requires your working tree to
       be clean (no modifications from the HEAD commit).


       Note: git revert is used to record a new commit to reverse the effect
       of an earlier commit (often a faulty one). If you want to throw away
       all uncommitted changes in your working directory, you should see git-
       reset(1), particularly the --hard option
. If you want to extract
       specific files as they were in another commit, you should see git-
       checkout(1), specifically the git checkout <commit> — <filename>
       syntax. Take care with these alternatives as both will discard
       uncommitted changes in your working directory.


OPTIONS
       <commit>
  Commit to revert. For a more complete list of ways to spell commit
  names, see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in git-rev-parse(1).


       -e, --edit
  With this option, git revert will let you edit the commit message
  prior to committing the revert. This is the default if you run the
  command from a terminal.


       -m parent-number, --mainline parent-number
  Usually you cannot revert a merge because you do not know which
  side of the merge should be considered the mainline. This option
  specifies the parent number (starting from 1) of the mainline and
  allows revert to reverse the change relative to the specified
  parent.


  Reverting a merge commit declares that you will never want the tree
  changes brought in by the merge. As a result, later merges will
  only bring in tree changes introduced by commits that are not
  ancestors of the previously reverted merge. This may or may not be
  what you want.


  See the revert-a-faulty-merge How-To[1] for more details.


       --no-edit
  With this option, git revert will not start the commit message
  editor.


       -n, --no-commit
  Usually the command automatically creates a commit with a commit
  log message stating which commit was reverted. This flag applies
  the change necessary to revert the named commit to your working
  tree and the index, but does not make the commit. In addition, when
  this option is used, your index does not have to match the HEAD
  commit. The revert is done against the beginning state of your
  index.


  This is useful when reverting more than one commits´ effect to your
  index in a row.


       -s, --signoff
  Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
### 如何在Git中使用`git revert`命令 #### 使用场景 当项目历史中的某个提交引入了错误或不期望的变化时,可以利用 `git revert` 命令来创建一个新的提交,该提交会撤销指定旧提交所带来的更改。这不会修改现有的历史记录,而是通过添加新的提交来解决问题[^1]。 #### 执行Revert操作 要回滚特定的提交,需先找到想要撤消的那个提交ID(SHA)。可以通过运行 `git log` 来查看提交日志并获取所需的提交哈希值。一旦有了这个信息,则可执行如下命令: ```bash git revert <commit-id> ``` 此命令将会打开默认编辑器让用户确认即将被逆转的操作摘要;如果一切正常的话只需保存退出即可完成整个过程。对于不想手动编辑的情况也可以加上 `-n` 参数以跳过自动开启编辑器环节。 另外值得注意的是,在某些情况下可能会遇到冲突——即当前工作目录下的文件状态与尝试恢复的状态之间存在差异无法直接应用补丁。这时就需要按照提示解决这些冲突后再继续reverting流程[^3]。 #### 解决Revert过程中产生的冲突 如果遇到了合并冲突,Git会在受影响的文件中标记出不同版本之间的区别部分,并暂停revert进程等待处理这些问题。此时应该仔细检查每一个发生分歧的地方做出适当调整直至消除所有矛盾之处。之后再次标记已解析(`git add`)相关文件最后完成此次反转动作: ```bash # 编辑有冲突的文件... git add . git revert --continue ``` 如果有任何时刻觉得事情变得复杂难以应对可以选择放弃正在进行中的revert活动而回到之前的状态: ```bash git revert --abort ```
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