android ViewGroup事件分发源码解析

Android事件分发机制是Android开发者必须了解的基础，也是面试的常客，今天来就这源码走一下事件分发流程。

事件的基础
MotionEvent 有三个关键的事件，其他事件用的较少：
MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN：手指按下事件
MotionEvent.ACTION_UP：手指弹起事件
MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE：手指移动事件

二进制位运算(后面标志位运算)
按位与（&）
  位运算实质是将参与运算的数字转换为二进制，而后逐位对应进行运算。
  按位与运算为：两位全为1，结果为1，即1&1=1，1&0=0，0&1=0，0&0=0。
  例如51 & 5 -> 00110011 & 00000101 = 00000001 -> 51 & 5 = 1

  特殊用法：
  （1）与0相与可清零。
  （2）与1相与可保留原值，可从一个数中取某些位。例如需要取10101110中的低四位，10101110 & 00001111 = 00001110，即得到所需结果。

按位或（|）
  两位只要有一位为1，结果则为1，即1|1=1，1|0=1，0|1=1，0|0=0。
  特殊用法：
  （1）与0相或可保留原值。
  （2）与1相或可将对应位置1。例如，将X=10100000的低四位置1，使X | 00001111 = 10101111即可。
异或运算（^）
  两位为“异”，即一位为1一位为0，则结果为1，否则为0。即1^1=1，1^0=0，0^1=0，0^0=1。
  特殊用法：
  使指定位翻转：找一个数，对应X要翻转的各位为1，其余为0，使其与X进行异或运算即可。例如，X=10101110，使低四位翻转，X ^ 00001111 = 10100001。
  与0相异或保留原值。例如X ^ 00000000 = 10101110。
  交换两变量的值。（比借助容器法、加减法效率高）原理：一个数对同一个数连续两次进行异或运算，结果与这个数相等。
  因此，交换方法为：A = A ^ B，B = A ^ B，A = A ^ B。

取反（~）
 将一个数按位取反，即~ 0 = 1，~ 1 = 0。

ViewGroup的相关事件有三个：onInterceptTouchEvent、dispatchTouchEvent、onTouchEvent。View的相关事件只有两个：dispatchTouchEvent、onTouchEvent。
onInterceptTouchEvent 事件拦截，如果返回true，拦截事件，事件将不会在向下传递
dispatchTouchEvent 事件分发，向上或者下子控件分发
onTouchEvent 处理事件
Android事件传递流程：
事件都是从Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()开始传递
事件由父View传递给子View，ViewGroup可以通过onInterceptTouchEvent()方法对事件拦截，停止其向子view传递
如果事件从上往下传递过程中一直没有被停止，且最底层子View没有消费事件，事件会反向往上传递，这时父View(ViewGroup)可以进行消费，如果还是没有被消费的话，最后会到Activity的onTouchEvent()函数。
如果View没有对ACTION_DOWN进行消费，之后的其他事件不会传递过来，也就是说ACTION_DOWN必须返回true，之后的事件才会传递进来,因为mFirstTouchTarget这个是在ACTION_DOWN返回true的时候，才会被赋值，也就是找到消费事件的view，具体流程，下面将会揭晓。

看看这个网上借的流程图

事件分发的大致伪代码：

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    boolean result = false;             // 默认状态为没有消费过

    if (!onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {   // 如果没有拦截交给子View
        result = child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }

    if (!result) {                      // 如果事件没有被消费,询问自身onTouchEvent
        result = onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

    return result;
}

来一段系统的源码ViewGroup中的dispatchTouchEvent：

 public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
        }

        // If the event targets the accessibility focused view and this is it, start
        // normal event dispatch. Maybe a descendant is what will handle the click.
        if (ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus() && isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }

        boolean handled = false;
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

            // Handle an initial down.
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
                // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
                // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }

            // Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                intercepted = true;
            }

            // If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
            // a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
            if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
            }

            // Check for cancelation.
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {

                // If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
                // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
                // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
                // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
                // state since these events are very rare.
                View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                        ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;

                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                    final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                            : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;

                    // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                    // have become out of sync.
                    removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);

                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex( childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);

                            // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                            // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                            // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                            // safer given the timeframe.
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                                childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                i = childrenCount - 1;
                            }

                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child) || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }

                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }

                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }

                            // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                            // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                        }
                        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                    }

                    if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                        // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                        // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                        newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                        while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                            newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                        }
                        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Dispatch to touch targets.
            if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
            if (canceled
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                resetTouchState();
            } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
                final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
            }
        }

        if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
        }
        return handled;
    }

说到这里我们还需要了解一下另一个方法

 @Override
    public void requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(boolean disallowIntercept) {

        if (disallowIntercept == ((mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0)) {
            // We're already in this state, assume our ancestors are too
            return;
        }

        if (disallowIntercept) {
            mGroupFlags |= FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
        } else {
            mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
        }

        // Pass it up to our parent
        if (mParent != null) {
            mParent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(disallowIntercept);
        }
    }

有过经验的开发者肯定见过这个方法，这个方法就是子控件申请父控件是否拦截，以应对后续业务的处理。这个方法就是改变一个标志位mGroupFlags，这个在父控件中可以控制是否对事件进行拦截，具体怎么拦截，马上揭晓。
好，回到源码

  if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }

 private void resetTouchState() {
        clearTouchTargets();
        resetCancelNextUpFlag(this);
        mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
        mNestedScrollAxes = SCROLL_AXIS_NONE;
    }

看这里，事件一开始就对mGroupFlags 标志位进行了处理，刚刚已经说了，它可以直接控制是否拦截。

  final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } 

这里就可以看到如何控制的事件拦截，在用户没有调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent（），对mGroupFlags这个标志位进行改变的时候， (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0是不成立的，为false，这个时候就会去调用onInterceptTouchEvent（），是否拦截，默认是不拦截的。如果拦截了，那么事件就不会向子控件传递，而是自己的TouchEvent消费。

 final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex( childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);
                                    ｝
                                      if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
｝

这里开始遍历所有的子控件，canViewReceivePointerEvents(child) 和 !isTransformedTouchPointInView就是判断依据，可以接受事件，还有当前事件必须在该控件上。dispatchTransformedTouchEvent 这个就是将事件交给子控件进行处理，如果事件被处理返回true，并在addTouchTarget()方法里面对mFirstTouchTarget进行赋值，这个就是保存处理事件的子视图。

 if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
            //没有触摸target,则由当前ViewGroup来处理
            handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                    TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
        }

如果mFirstTouchTarget没有值，没有消耗事件，那么事件就交给自己处理。

 // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }

如果View消费ACTION_DOWN事件，那么MOVE,UP等事件相继开始执行。

来一个小小的总结
1)Android事件分发是先传递到ViewGroup，再由ViewGroup传递到View的。
2 )在ViewGroup中可以通过onInterceptTouchEvent方法对事件传递进行拦截，onInterceptTouchEvent方法返回true代表不允许事件继续向子View传递，返回false代表不对事件进行拦截，默认返回false。
3 )子View中如果将传递的事件消费掉，ViewGroup中将无法接收到任何事件。

参考文章
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/guolin_blog/article/details/9097463

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