文章目录
LVS_Director + Keepalived实验指导
| 主机名 | ip | 系统 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|
| client | 172.16.147.1 | mac | 客户端 |
| lvs-keepalived-master | 172.16.147.154 | centos7.5 | 分发器 |
| lvs-keepalived-slave | 172.16.147.155 | centos7.5 | 分发器备 |
| test-nginx1 | 172.16.147.153 | centos7.5 | web1 |
| test-nginx2 | 172.16.147.156 | centos7.5 | web2 |
| vip | 172.16/147.101 |
LVS_Director + KeepAlived
KeepAlived在该项目中的功能：
1. 管理IPVS的路由表（包括对RealServer做健康检查）
2. 实现调度器的HA
http://www.keepalived.org
Keepalived所执行的外部脚本命令建议使用绝对路径
实施步骤：
1. 主/备调度器安装软件
[root@lvs-keepalived-master ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm keepalived
[root@lvs-keepalived-slave ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm keepalived
2. Keepalived
lvs-master
[root@lvs-keepalived-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lvs-keepalived-master #辅助改为lvs-backup
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33 #VIP绑定接口
virtual_router_id 80 #VRID 同一组集群，主备一致
priority 100 #本节点优先级，辅助改为50
advert_int 1 #检查间隔，默认为1s
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.147.101/24 # 可以写多个vip
}
}
virtual_server 172.16.147.101 80 { #LVS配置
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr #LVS调度算法
lb_kind DR #LVS集群模式（路由模式）
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP #健康检查使用的协议
real_server 172.16.147.153 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure #当该节点失败时，把权重设置为0，而不是从IPVS中删除
TCP_CHECK { #健康检查
connect_port 80 #检查的端口
connect_timeout 3 #连接超时的时间
}
}
real_server 172.16.147.156 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}
[root@lvs-keepalived-slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lvs-keepalived-slave
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
nopreempt #不抢占资源
virtual_router_id 80
priority 50
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.147.101/24
}
}
virtual_server 172.16.147.101 80 {
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP
real_server 172.16.147.153 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
}
}
real_server 172.16.147.156 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}
3. 启动KeepAlived（主备均启动）
[root@lvs-keepalived-master ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@lvs-keepalived-master ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
[root@lvs-keepalived-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.147.101:80 rr persistent 20
-> 172.16.147.153:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 172.16.147.156:80 Route 0 0 0
4. 所有RS配置(nginx1,nginx2)
配置好网站服务器，测试所有RS
[root@test-nginx1 ~]# yum install -y nginx
[root@test-nginx2 ~]# yum install -y nginx
[root@test-nginx1 ~]# echo "ip addr add dev lo 172.16.147.101/32" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@test-nginx1 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@test-nginx1 ~]# sysctl -p
[root@test-nginx1 ~]# echo "web1..." >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@test-nginx1 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@test-nginx1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.local
LB集群测试
所有分发器和Real Server都正常
主分发器故障及恢复
LVS_Director + Keepalived实验操作
１、用LVS做负载均衡，用Keepalived做高可用
Keepalived原生支持LVS，所以操作Keepalived会省略操作LVS，下载ipvsadm的原因是要产看Keeplived对LVS的原生支持，即Keepalived可以自动生成LVS虚拟主机列表
２、web-server的配置
[root@real-server1 ~]# yum install -y nginx
[root@real-server1 ~]# echo "real-server1" >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
两台机器都安装，按顺序添加不同的主机名以示区分
[root@real-server1 ~]# ip addr add dev lo 172.16.147.200/32 #在lo接口上绑定VIP
[root@real-server1 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore #忽略arp广播
[root@real-server1 ~]# echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce #匹配精确ip地址回包
[root@real-server1 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@real-server1 ~]# systemctl enable nginx
=============================================================================
因为：realServer的vip有了，接着就是同一个网段中拥有两个vip, 客户端在网关发送arp广播需找vip时需要让realServer不接受响应.
解决：
echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore
arp_ignore 设置为1，意味着当别人的arp请求过来的时候，如果接收的设备没有这个ip，就不做出响应(这个ip在lo上，lo不是接收设备的进口)
echo 2 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce
使用最好的ip来回应，什么是最好的ip？同一个网段内子网掩码最长的
３、lvs-master的配置
[root@lvs-master ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm keepalived
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lvs-keepalived-master #辅助改为lvs-backup
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens37 #VIP绑定接口
virtual_router_id 80 #VRID 同一组集群，主备一致
priority 100 #本节点优先级，辅助改为50
advert_int 1 #检查间隔，默认为1s
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.138.200/24 # 可以写多个vip
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.138.200 80 { #LVS配置
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr #LVS调度算法
lb_kind DR #LVS集群模式（路由模式）
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP #健康检查使用的协议
real_server 192.168.138.132 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure #当该节点失败时，把权重设置为0，而不是从IPVS中删除
TCP_CHECK { #健康检查
connect_port 80 #检查的端口
connect_timeout 3 #连接超时的时间
}
}
real_server 192.168.138.135 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}
４、lvs-slave的配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lvs-keepalived-slave
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
nopreempt #不抢占资源
virtual_router_id 80
priority 50
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.138.200/24
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.138.200 80 {
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.138.132 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.138.135 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}
５、补充一个高级用法HTTP_GET（md5sum校验防止页面被篡改）
首先一个是LVS的实验结果不要在集群里面验证，去浏览器验证
补充一个高级用法
防止网页页面被篡改
可以配合index.html的md5值和nginx的status_code来进行检查网页页面被改动
这个配置就表示，只有当/index.html的md5的值和digest一样，并且服务器的返回值代码是200的时候才进行跳转（HTTP_GET包含了，TCP_CHECK）
virtual_server 10.3.131.221 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 20
protocol TCP
sorry_server 2.2.2.2 80
real_server 10.3.131.30 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /index.html
digest 481bf8243931326614960bdc17f99b00
}
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 2
}
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.0.200 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 20
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.0.107 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /index.html
digest 66ee606d5019d75f83836eeb295c6b6f
status_code 200
}
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 2
}
}
real_server 192.168.0.108 80 {
weight 1
inhibit_on_failure
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /index.html
digest 699d00db64614eb287931b977d5c047f
status_code 200
}
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 2
}
}
}
不符合条件的真实服务器会自动宕机，宁可宕机也不能发布被恶意篡改的网页内容
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