常用查找算法
1.find()
功能:
查找指定val值,如果找到则返回val值的迭代器,否则返回末尾迭代器。
核心语句:
find(iterator beg,iterator end, val)
查找val值,返回val值的迭代器。如果找不到返回末尾迭代器end()
头文件:
代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int> v;
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(7);
v.push_back(5);
v.push_back(2);
vector<int>::iterator it=find(v.begin(),v.end(),7);
auto pop=distance(v.begin(), it );
//查看7的下标
cout<<pop<<endl;
//pop=7
vector<int>::iterator index=find(v.begin(),v.end(),4);
auto x=distance(v.begin(), index );
cout<<x<<endl;
//未找到,x的值为5
return 0;
}
2.find_if
功能:
根据条件查找元素
核心语句:
find_if(iterator begin(),iterator end(),_pred
查找元素,返回元素的迭代器。如果找不到返回末尾迭代器end()
—pred是函数或者谓词。
头文件:
代码:
//内置数据类型
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class greaterfive
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val>5;
}
};
int main()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>::iterator it=find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), greaterfive());
if (it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到大于5的数字:" << *it << endl;
}
return 0;
}
/*
找到大于5的数字:6
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
//自定义数据类型
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_Name=name;
this->m_Age=age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
class Greater20
{
public:
bool operator()(Person &p)
{
return p.m_Age>20;
}
};
int main()
{
vector<Person>v;
Person p1("aaa", 10);
Person p2("bbb", 20);
Person p3("ccc", 30);
Person p4("ddd", 40);
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
vector<Person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
if (it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄: " << it->m_Age << endl;
}
return 0;
}
/*
找到姓名:ccc 年龄: 30
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
3.Adjacent_find
功能:
查找相邻重复元素
核心代码:
adjacent_find(iterator beg,iterator end);
查找相邻重复元素,返回相邻元素的第一个位置的迭代器
代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(3);
vector<int>::iterator it=adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
cout<<*it<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*
3
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(0);
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(3);
vector<int>::iterator it=adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
if(it==v.end())
cout<<"未找到相邻元素"<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*
未找到相邻元素
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
4.binary_search
功能:
查找指定元素是否存在,返回一个bool值
核心语句:
bool binary_search(iterator beg, iterator end, val);
查找指定val值,查到 返回true 否则false
代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(5);
v.push_back(6);
bool pop=binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(),1);
if(pop)
cout<<"找到该元素"<<endl;
else
cout<<"未找到该元素"<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*
找到该元素
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
注意:容器必须是有序的,如:1 ,2,3,4……,若是无序,如:3,3,1,4,6,2……,就会出错
出错的代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(8);
v.push_back(7);
v.push_back(6);
bool pop=binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(),1);
if(pop)
cout<<"找到该元素"<<endl;
else
cout<<"未找到该元素"<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*
未找到该元素
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
5.count
功能:
统计元素个数
核心语句:
count(iterator beg, iterator end, val);
统计元素val出现次数
代码:
//内置数据类型
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(8);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(6);
int pop=count(v.begin(), v.end(),3);
cout<<pop<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*
2
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
//自定义数据类型
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_name=name;
this->m_age=age;
}
//重载了==
bool operator==(const Person &P)
{
if(P.m_age==this->m_age)
return true;
else
return false;
}
string m_name;
int m_age;
};
int main()
{
Person p1("aaa",20);
Person p2("bbb",22);
Person p3("ccc",20);
Person p4("ddd",21);
Person p5("eee",20);
vector<Person>v;
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
v.push_back(p5);
int pop=count(v.begin(), v.end(), p1);
cout<<pop<<endl;
return 0;
}
6.count_if
功能:
按条件统计元素个数
核心语句:
count_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);
// 按条件统计元素出现次数
// _Pred 谓词
代码:
//内置数据类型
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class pred
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val==1;
}
};
int main()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(1);
int pop=count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred());
cout<<pop<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*
4
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/
//自定义数据类型
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_name=name;
this->m_age=age;
}
string m_name;
int m_age;
};
class pred
{
public:
bool operator()(Person &p)
{
return p.m_age<=20;
}
};
int main()
{
vector<Person>v;
Person p1("aaa",20);
Person p2("bbb",22);
Person p3("ccc",21);
Person p4("ddd",20);
Person p5("eee",20);
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
v.push_back(p5);
int pop=count_if(v.begin(), v.end(),pred());
cout<<pop<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*
3
Program ended with exit code: 0
*/