接口
Docstring:
product(*iterables, repeat=1) --> product object
Cartesian product of input iterables. Equivalent to nested for-loops.
For example, product(A, B) returns the same as: ((x,y) for x in A for y in B).
The leftmost iterators are in the outermost for-loop, so the output tuples
cycle in a manner similar to an odometer (with the rightmost element changing
on every iteration).
To compute the product of an iterable with itself, specify the number
of repetitions with the optional repeat keyword argument. For example,
product(A, repeat=4) means the same as product(A, A, A, A).
product('ab', range(3)) --> ('a',0) ('a',1) ('a',2) ('b',0) ('b',1) ('b',2)
product((0,1), (0,1), (0,1)) --> (0,0,0) (0,0,1) (0,1,0) (0,1,1) (1,0,0) ...
使用场景
- 对确定的n重嵌套for循环,可以用itertools.product进行替代。
- 对n重for循环,n不确定,为一个可变的参数。则此时只能用itertools.product来有效表达。
实例1
from itertools import product
a = ['A','B','C']
b = range(2)
res1 = []
# 方法1:for循环
for i in a:
for j in b:
res1.append((i,j))
print(res1)
# 方法2:itertools.product
res2 = product(a, b)
print(list(res2))
输出结果
[('A', 0), ('A', 1), ('A', 2), ('B', 0), ('B', 1), ('B', 2)]
[('A', 0), ('A', 1), ('A', 2), ('B', 0), ('B', 1), ('B', 2)]
注:product
返回的是一个可迭代对象
实例2
def test(a,N):
for i in product(a, repeat=N):
print(i)
x = [0,1]
test(x,1)
test(x,2)
test(x,3)
输出结果
(0,)
(1,)
(0, 0)
(0, 1)
(1, 0)
(1, 1)
(0, 0, 0)
(0, 0, 1)
(0, 1, 0)
(0, 1, 1)
(1, 0, 0)
(1, 0, 1)
(1, 1, 0)
(1, 1, 1)