自定义服务类
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Service是一个长期运行在后台的用户组建,没有用户界面。即使切换到另一个应用程序,服务也可以在后台运行,因此服务更适合执行一段时间而又不需要显示界面的后台操作。
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服务的创建
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服务的生命周期
- onCreate():第一次创建服务时执行的方法;
- onDestory():服务被销毁时执行的方法;
- onStartCommon():客户端通过调用startService()方法启动服务是执行该方法;
- onBind():客户端通过调用bindService()方法启动服务时执行该方法;
- onUnbind():客户端调用unBindService()断开服务绑定时执行的方法。
从图中可以看出,当通过startService()方法启动服务时,执行的生命周期方法为onCreate()、onStartCommand(),然后服务处于运行状态,直到自身调用stopSelf()方法或者其他组件调用stopService()方法时停止服务,最终被系统销毁。当使用bindService()方法启动服务的时候,执行的生命周期方法为onCreate()、onBind(),然后服务处于运行状态,直到调用unBindService()方法时,服务被解绑调用onUnbind()方法,最终被销毁。
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1.新建项目“Service”,项目中包含:
- 一个MainActivity,其布局有四个按钮:”start” “stop” “bind” “unbind”;
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2.给项目增加一个自定义服务MyService, 请重写它的回调方法: onCreate(), onStartCommand(), onBind(), onUnbind(), onDestroy(),使得它们在被执行时打印一条Log信息, 显示格式为“MyService – 回调方法名”;
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3.编写MainActivity的四个按钮的单击监听事件,分别调用startService(), stopService(), bindService(), unbindService()方法
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4.运行与Logcat窗口截图:
- 1)单击start按钮,然后单击stop按钮 ;
- 2)单击bind按钮,然后单击unbind按钮 ;
- 3)单击start按钮, 然后单击unbind按钮 ;
- 4)单击bind按钮,然后单击stop按钮 ;
- 5)单击start按钮,然后单击回退按钮退出MainActivity ;
- 6)单击bind按钮,然后单击回退按钮退出MainActivity 。
- 1)单击start按钮,然后单击stop按钮 ;
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activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <Button android:id="@+id/button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart="8dp" android:layout_marginLeft="8dp" android:layout_marginTop="8dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:layout_marginRight="8dp" android:layout_marginBottom="8dp" android:text="start" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.062" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart="8dp" android:layout_marginLeft="8dp" android:layout_marginTop="8dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:layout_marginRight="8dp" android:layout_marginBottom="8dp" android:text="stop" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.48" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button" app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.082" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart="8dp" android:layout_marginLeft="8dp" android:layout_marginTop="8dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:layout_marginRight="8dp" android:layout_marginBottom="8dp" android:text="bind" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.492" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button2" app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.115" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button4" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart="8dp" android:layout_marginLeft="8dp" android:layout_marginTop="8dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:layout_marginRight="8dp" android:layout_marginBottom="8dp" android:text="unbind" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.502" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button3" app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.185" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button5" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart="8dp" android:layout_marginLeft="8dp" android:layout_marginTop="8dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:layout_marginRight="8dp" android:layout_marginBottom="8dp" android:text="SHOW COUNT" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button4" /> </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
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MainActivity.java
package com.example.customservice; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.IBinder; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; //两种服务类要相互对应,start countservice与stop countservice之间与mainActivity是没有关联的; // 但是bind countservice与unbind countservice之间与mainActivity是有关联的;所以这一对中mainActivity关闭了就会直接ondestroy() public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private Button btn1,btn2,btn3,btn4,btn5; final static String TAG = "MainActivity"; private ServiceConnection serviceConnection; private MyService.CountBinder binder; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); btn1 = findViewById(R.id.button); btn2 = findViewById(R.id.button2); btn3 = findViewById(R.id.button3); btn4 = findViewById(R.id.button4); btn5 = findViewById(R.id.button5); btn1.setOnClickListener(this); btn2.setOnClickListener(this); btn3.setOnClickListener(this); btn4.setOnClickListener(this); btn5.setOnClickListener(this); serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { binder = (MyService.CountBinder)service; } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } }; } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()){ case R.id.button://start countservice Intent service = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class); startService(service); Log.i(TAG,"Start MyService"); break; case R.id.button2://stop countservice service = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class); stopService(service); Log.i(TAG,"Stop MyService"); break; case R.id.button3://bind countservice service = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class); bindService(service,serviceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE); Log.i(TAG,"Bind MyService"); break; case R.id.button4://unbind countservice unbindService(serviceConnection); Log.i(TAG,"Unbind MyService"); break; case R.id.button5://show count Log.i(TAG,"count=" + binder.getCount()); break; } } }
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MyService.java
package com.example.customservice; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; import android.util.Log; public class MyService extends Service {//从0开始,每隔一秒计数一次 final static String TAG="service"; private int count; private boolean isCount; public MyService() {//构造方法 } public class CountBinder extends Binder{ public int getCount(){ return count; } } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service. //throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented"); Log.i(TAG,"onBind"); return new CountBinder(); } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Log.i(TAG,"MyService--onCreate()"); count = 0; isCount = true; new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (isCount){ //rest 1000ms try{ Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } //count++ count++; } } }).start(); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.i(TAG,"MyService--onStartCommand()"); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) { Log.i(TAG,"MyService--onUnbind()"); return super.onUnbind(intent); } @Override public void onDestroy() { isCount = false; super.onDestroy(); Log.i(TAG,"MyService--OnDestroy()"); } }