Laravel 如何使用 PHP 内置的服务器启动服务

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在Laravel项目中，如果你在本地安装了 PHP， 并且你想使用 PHP 内置的服务器来为你的应用程序提供服务，则可以使用 Artisan 命令 serve 。该命令会在 http://localhost:8000 上启动开发服务器

一、如何启动PHP内置服务器？

php artisan serve

你也可以指定host和port进行启动,主要使用--host和--port参数

1.1 指定端口号

php artisan serve --port 8001

1.2 指定host，可以使用ip，也可以使用域名的形式

php artisan serve --host 127.0.0.2 --port 8001

二、php artisan serve命令如何运行的？

有人比较好奇为什么执行这个命令就可以运行服务了呢？

其实从 PHP 5.4 版本开始，PHP 就已经内置（built in）了一个 web server，并且，Laravel 的 artisan 命令也支持这个内置web server，这让快速启动服务变得更高效了。当然，如果要部署到生产服务器上的话，还是要安装 apache 或 nginx 之类的 web server 的。

接下来我们来分析下laravel的命令：php artisan serve

2.1 源文件ServeCommand.php

注意：此次laravel项目是基于6.20.26版本

源文件是src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/ServeCommand.php

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Console;

use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Support\Env;
use Illuminate\Support\ProcessUtils;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Symfony\Component\Process\PhpExecutableFinder;

class ServeCommand extends Command
{
    /**
     * The console command name.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $name = 'serve';

    /**
     * The console command description.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $description = 'Serve the application on the PHP development server';

    /**
     * The current port offset.
     *
     * @var int
     */
    protected $portOffset = 0;

    /**
     * Execute the console command.
     *
     * @return int
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function handle()
    {
        chdir(public_path());

        $this->line("<info>Laravel development server started:</info> http://{$this->host()}:{$this->port()}");

        passthru($this->serverCommand(), $status);

        if ($status && $this->canTryAnotherPort()) {
            $this->portOffset += 1;

            return $this->handle();
        }

        return $status;
    }

    /**
     * Get the full server command.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function serverCommand()
    {
        return sprintf('%s -S %s:%s %s',
            ProcessUtils::escapeArgument((new PhpExecutableFinder)->find(false)),
            $this->host(),
            $this->port(),
            ProcessUtils::escapeArgument(base_path('server.php'))
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get the host for the command.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function host()
    {
        return $this->input->getOption('host');
    }

    /**
     * Get the port for the command.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function port()
    {
        $port = $this->input->getOption('port') ?: 8000;

        return $port + $this->portOffset;
    }

    /**
     * Check if command has reached its max amount of port tries.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function canTryAnotherPort()
    {
        return is_null($this->input->getOption('port')) &&
               ($this->input->getOption('tries') > $this->portOffset);
    }

    /**
     * Get the console command options.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getOptions()
    {
        return [
            ['host', null, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'The host address to serve the application on', '127.0.0.1'],

            ['port', null, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'The port to serve the application on', Env::get('SERVER_PORT')],

            ['tries', null, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'The max number of ports to attempt to serve from', 10],
        ];
    }
}

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2.2 源文件分析

我们通过handle()方法可以得知

2.2.1 更改执行根目录

首先使用 chdir() 将目录改变至 public/ 目录

chdir(public_path());

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这是根据 $this->laravel->publicPath() 代码的 publicPath() 来的，这个方法的源码位于 Illuminate\Foundation\Application 中

function public_path($path = '')
{
    return app()->make('path.public').($path ? DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.ltrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) : $path);
}

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<?php

namespace Illuminate\Foundation;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Container\Container;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application as ApplicationContract;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel as HttpKernelContract;
use Illuminate\Events\EventServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadEnvironmentVariables;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Log\LogServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Routing\RoutingServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Illuminate\Support\Env;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use RuntimeException;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request as SymfonyRequest;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface;

class Application extends Container implements ApplicationContract, HttpKernelInterface
{
    /**
     * The Laravel framework version.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    const VERSION = '6.20.36';

    /**
     * The base path for the Laravel installation.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $basePath;

    /**
     * Indicates if the application has been bootstrapped before.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $hasBeenBootstrapped = false;

    /**
     * Indicates if the application has "booted".
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $booted = false;

    /**
     * The array of booting callbacks.
     *
     * @var callable[]
     */
    protected $bootingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * The array of booted callbacks.
     *
     * @var callable[]
     */
    protected $bootedCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * The array of terminating callbacks.
     *
     * @var callable[]
     */
    protected $terminatingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * All of the registered service providers.
     *
     * @var \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider[]
     */
    protected $serviceProviders = [];

    /**
     * The names of the loaded service providers.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $loadedProviders = [];

    /**
     * The deferred services and their providers.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $deferredServices = [];

    /**
     * The custom application path defined by the developer.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $appPath;

    /**
     * The custom database path defined by the developer.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $databasePath;

    /**
     * The custom storage path defined by the developer.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $storagePath;

    /**
     * The custom environment path defined by the developer.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $environmentPath;

    /**
     * The environment file to load during bootstrapping.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $environmentFile = '.env';

    /**
     * Indicates if the application is running in the console.
     *
     * @var bool|null
     */
    protected $isRunningInConsole;

    /**
     * The application namespace.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $namespace;

    /**
     * Create a new Illuminate application instance.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $basePath
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct($basePath = null)
    {
        if ($basePath) {
            $this->setBasePath($basePath);
        }

        $this->registerBaseBindings();
        $this->registerBaseServiceProviders();
        $this->registerCoreContainerAliases();
    }

    /**
     * Get the version number of the application.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    p