Linux文件系统与LVM实战-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/john_yan008/article/details/106446357

实践1：

创建一个2G的文件系统，块大小为2048byte，预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4，卷标为TEST，此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录，且默认有acl挂载选项

准备工作：

给当前VM分配一个10GB的硬盘，然后进入系统查看

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0               2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
sda               8:0    0   60G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   59G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   37G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0 18.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0   10G  0 disk

在新添加的硬盘中创建2GB的分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0               2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
sda               8:0    0   60G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   59G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   37G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0 18.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0   10G  0 disk 
└─sdb1            8:17   0    2G  0 part

步骤1 给/dev/sdb1创建ext4文件系统，并按照要求添加指定选项

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 -L TEST -m 1 -b 2048
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048576 blocks
10485 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816
Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

步骤2 查询/dev/sdb1的UUID信息

[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="a82b0f50-25d4-4a12-b110-a2e73beba35e" TYPE="ext4"

步骤3 修改fstab文件，并激活acl属性
echo “UUID=454640ab-8849-44e7-aaeb-368353a6248f /test ext4 rw,acl 0 0” >> /etc/fstab

步骤4 当即挂载后确认结果

[root@localhost /]# mount -a
[root@localhost /]# mount | grep sdb1
/dev/sdb1 on /test type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

实践2：

创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG; 要求PE大小为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录

步骤1 通过fdisk命令创建3个分区，格式选择为lvm类型(type 8e)

[root@localhost test]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfd61cfc4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048    20973567    10485760   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdc2        20973568    31459327     5242880   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdc3        31459328    41945087     5242880   8e  Linux LVM

步骤2 创建物理卷

[root@localhost test]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@localhost test]# pvcreate /dev/sdc2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created.
[root@localhost test]# pvcreate /dev/sdc3
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created.

查看和确认

[root@localhost test]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree 
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <59.00g  4.00m
  /dev/sdc1         lvm2 ---   10.00g 10.00g
  /dev/sdc2         lvm2 ---    5.00g  5.00g
  /dev/sdc3         lvm2 ---    5.00g  5.00g

步骤3 为卷组分配物理卷，因为涉及多个物理卷先，先创建再扩展vg

[root@localhost test]# vgcreate -s 16M testVG /dev/sdc1
  Volume group "testVG" successfully created
[root@localhost test]# vgextend testVG /dev/sdc2
  Volume group "testVG" successfully extended
[root@localhost test]# vgextend testVG /dev/sdc3
  Volume group "testVG" successfully extended
[root@localhost test]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree 
  centos   1   3   0 wz--n- <59.00g  4.00m
  testVG   3   0   0 wz--n-  19.95g 19.95g

步骤4 从卷组testVG创建逻辑卷testlv

[root@localhost test]# lvcreate -L 5G -n testlv testVG
  Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@localhost test]# lvs
  LV     VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home   centos -wi-ao----  18.08g                                                    
  root   centos -wi-ao---- <37.04g                                                    
  swap   centos -wi-ao----  <3.88g                                                    
  testlv testVG -wi-a-----   5.00g

步骤5 创建文件系统，xfs格式

[root@localhost test]# mkfs.xfs /dev/testVG/testlv

步骤6 挂载到 /users

[root@localhost test]# mount /dev/testVG/testlv /users
[root@localhost test]# mount | grep users
/dev/mapper/testVG-testlv on /users type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)