linux commands

1. lsb_release

        print distribution-specific information, example :

#lsb_release  -a
Distributor ID:    Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS
Release:    12.04
Codename:    precise

### another print host platform command :

        python -c "import platform; print(platform.platform())"

2. tr

       translate or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output, example:

# echo "ubuntu" | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'

3. basename

        strip directory and suffix from filenames.

4. set -x

        display shell command and result at the same when execute shell script.

5. grub-probe

        probe device information for a given path or device, such as filesystem type, fs_uuid, fs_label, device and so on.

6. grub-mkrelpath

        make a system path relative to its root.

7. grub-mkimage

        make a bootable image of GRUB

8. grub-setup

        setup a device to boot using GRUB.