由于proc文件系统并不物理地存在于任何设备上,它的安装过程是特殊的。对proc文件系统不能直接通过mount()来安装,而要先由系统内核在内核初始化时自动地通过一个函数kern_mount()安装一次,然后再由处理系统初始化的进程通过mount()安装,实际上是"重安装"。
一、在内核初始化时调用init_proc_fs(),代码如下:
static DECLARE_FSTYPE(proc_fs_type, "proc", proc_read_super, FS_SINGLE);
static int __init init_proc_fs(void)
{
int err = register_filesystem(&proc_fs_type);//向系统登记"proc"这么一种文件系统
if (!err) {
proc_mnt = kern_mount(&proc_fs_type);//将一个具体的proc文件系统安装到系统中的/proc节点上
err = PTR_ERR(proc_mnt);
if (IS_ERR(proc_mnt))
unregister_filesystem(&proc_fs_type);
else
err = 0;
}
return err;
}
#define DECLARE_FSTYPE(var,type,read,flags) \
struct file_system_type var = { \
name: type, \
read_super: read, \
fs_flags: flags, \
owner: THIS_MODULE, \
}
register_filesystem,向系统登记"proc"这么一种文件系统,代码如下:
int register_filesystem(struct file_system_type * fs)
{
int res = 0;
struct file_system_type ** p;
if (!fs)
return -EINVAL;
if (fs->next)
return -EBUSY;
write_lock(&file_systems_lock);
p = find_filesystem(fs->name);
if (*p)
res = -EBUSY;
else
*p = fs;//向系统登记"proc"这么一种文件系统
write_unlock(&file_systems_lock);
return res;
}
static struct file_system_type **find_filesystem(const char *name)
{
struct file_system_type **p;
for (p=&file_systems; *p; p=&(*p)->next)
if (strcmp((*p)->name,name) == 0)
break;
return p;
}
struct vfsmount *kern_mount(struct file_system_type *type)
{
kdev_t dev = get_unnamed_dev();//获得一个设备号
struct super_block *sb;
struct vfsmount *mnt;
if (!dev)
return ERR_PTR(-EMFILE);
sb = read_super(dev, NULL, type, 0, NULL, 0);//先分配一个空白的super_block数据结构,然后通过由具体文件系统的file_system_type数据结构中的函数指针read_super调用具体的函数来读入超级块
if (!sb) {
put_unnamed_dev(dev);
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
mnt = add_vfsmnt(NULL, sb->s_root, NULL);
if (!mnt) {
kill_super(sb, 0);
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}
type->kern_mnt = mnt;//最后把根节点vfsmount赋值给type->kern_mnt
return mnt;
}
read_super,先分配一个空白的super_block数据结构,然后通过由具体文件系统的file_system_type数据结构中的函数指针read_super调用具体的函数来读入超级块。
static struct super_block * read_super(kdev_t dev, struct block_device *bdev,
struct file_system_type *type, int flags,
void *data, int silent)
{
struct super_block * s;
s = get_empty_super();
if (!s)
goto out;
s->s_dev = dev;
s->s_bdev = bdev;
s->s_flags = flags;
s->s_dirt = 0;
sema_init(&s->s_vfs_rename_sem,1);
sema_init(&s->s_nfsd_free_path_sem,1);
s->s_type = type;
sema_init(&s->s_dquot.dqio_sem, 1);
sema_init(&s->s_dquot.dqoff_sem, 1);
s->s_dquot.flags = 0;
lock_super(s);
if (!type->read_super(s, data, silent))
goto out_fail;
unlock_super(s);
/* tell bdcache that we are going to keep this one */
if (bdev)
atomic_inc(&bdev->bd_count);
out:
return s;
out_fail:
s->s_dev = 0;
s->s_bdev = 0;
s->s_type = NULL;
unlock_super(s);
return NULL;
}
type->read_super对于proc文件系统来说,这个函数为proc_read_super()。代码如下:
struct super_block *proc_read_super(struct super_block *s,void *data,
int silent)
{
struct inode * root_inode;
struct task_struct *p;
s->s_blocksize = 1024;
s->s_blocksize_bits = 10;
s->s_magic = PROC_SUPER_MAGIC;
s->s_op = &proc_sops;
root_inode = proc_get_inode(s, PROC_ROOT_INO, &proc_root);//根据根目录项,得到根节点的inode结构
if (!root_inode)
goto out_no_root;
/*
* Fixup the root inode's nlink value
*/
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
for_each_task(p) if (p->pid) root_inode->i_nlink++;
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
s->s_root = d_alloc_root(root_inode);//分配根节点的dentry结构,并把根节点的inode结构和dentry结构相连,并赋值给s->s_root
if (!s->s_root)
goto out_no_root;
parse_options(data, &root_inode->i_uid, &root_inode->i_gid);
return s;
out_no_root:
printk("proc_read_super: get root inode failed\n");
iput(root_inode);
return NULL;
}
读入超级块,实际上是生成超级块,还有super_block结构中的super_operations指针s_op被设置成指向proc_sops,定义如下:
static struct super_operations proc_sops = {
read_inode: proc_read_inode,
put_inode: force_delete,
delete_inode: proc_delete_inode,
statfs: proc_statfs,
};
不仅如此,proc文件系统中的目录项结构,即dentry结构,在设备上也没有对应物,而以内存中的proc_dir_entry数据结构来代替,定义如下:
struct proc_dir_entry {
unsigned short low_ino;
unsigned short namelen;
const char *name;
mode_t mode;
nlink_t nlink;
uid_t uid;
gid_t gid;
unsigned long size;
struct inode_operations * proc_iops;
struct file_operations * proc_fops;
get_info_t *get_info;
struct module *owner;
struct proc_dir_entry *next, *parent, *subdir;
void *data;
read_proc_t *read_proc;
write_proc_t *write_proc;
atomic_t count; /* use count */
int deleted; /* delete flag */
kdev_t rdev;
}
最重要的就是/proc节点的proc_dir_entry结构(目录项)proc_root,定义如下:
struct proc_dir_entry proc_root = {
low_ino: PROC_ROOT_INO,
namelen: 5,
name: "/proc",
mode: S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO,
nlink: 2,
proc_iops: &proc_root_inode_operations,
proc_fops: &proc_root_operations,
parent: &proc_root,
};
struct inode * proc_get_inode(struct super_block * sb, int ino,
struct proc_dir_entry * de)
{
struct inode * inode;
/*
* Increment the use count so the dir entry can't disappear.
*/
de_get(de);
#if 1
/* shouldn't ever happen */
if (de && de->deleted)
printk("proc_iget: using deleted entry %s, count=%d\n", de->name, atomic_read(&de->count));
#endif
inode = iget(sb, ino);
if (!inode)
goto out_fail;
inode->u.generic_ip = (void *) de;//根目录项结构放到了这里
if (de) {//根据根目录项结构,填充根节点的inode结构
if (de->mode) {
inode->i_mode = de->mode;
inode->i_uid = de->uid;
inode->i_gid = de->