ThinkPHP 8 分布式服务支持深度教程

ThinkPHP 8 分布式服务支持深度教程

ThinkPHP 8 提供全面的分布式架构支持，以下是关键组件实现指南：

---

一、数据库读写分离集群

1.1 主从配置

// config/database.php
return [
    'default' => 'mysql',
    'connections' => [
        'mysql' => [
            // 启用分布式
            'deploy' => 1,
            // 读写分离
            'rw_separate' => true,
            
            // 主服务器集群（写操作）
            'hostname' => [
                'write' => [
                    'db_master1:3306',
                    'db_master2:3306' // 主备节点
                ]
            ],
            
            // 从服务器集群（读操作）
            'hostname' => [
                'read' => [
                    'db_slave1:3306',
                    'db_slave2:3306',
                    'db_slave3:3306' // 读负载均衡
                ]
            ],
            
            // 通用配置
            'database' => 'order_db',
            'username' => 'app_user',
            'password' => 'S3cureP@ss',
            'charset'  => 'utf8mb4',
            'break_reconnect' => true // 断线自动重连
        ]
    ]
];

1.2 负载均衡策略

// 自定义负载均衡器
class WeightedLoadBalancer
{
    public function select(array $hosts)
    {
        // 按权重选择：db_slave1:3, db_slave2:2, db_slave3:1
        $weightMap = [
            'db_slave1:3306' => 3,
            'db_slave2:3306' => 2,
            'db_slave3:3306' => 1
        ];
        
        $total = array_sum($weightMap);
        $rand = mt_rand(1, $total);
        
        foreach ($weightMap as $host => $weight) {
            $rand -= $weight;
            if ($rand <= 0) return $host;
        }
    }
}

// 注册到数据库配置
'load_balance' => [\app\common\WeightedLoadBalancer::class, 'select']

---

二、Redis分布式缓存与Session

2.1 Redis集群配置

// config/cache.php
'redis' => [
    'type'  => 'redis',
    'host'  => [
        'redis1:6379',
        'redis2:6379',
        'redis3:6379'
    ],
    'password' => 'RedisP@ss123',
    'select'   => 0,
    'timeout'  => 2, // 秒
    'tag_prefix' => 'tp8:',
    
    // 集群模式
    'cluster' => true,
    
    // 故障转移策略
    'failover' => 'distribute', // 分布式重试
    'retry_interval' => 200 // 重试间隔(ms)
],

2.2 分布式Session驱动

// config/session.php
return [
    'type'       => 'redis',
    'prefix'     => 'tp8_session:',
    'auto_start' => true,
    
    // Redis集群配置
    'host'       => 'redis1:6379,redis2:6379,redis3:6379',
    'password'   => 'SessionP@ss',
    
    // 会话一致性保障
    'read_master' => true, // 读主节点保证一致性
    'expire'     => 86400 // 24小时
];

---

三、消息队列分布式处理

3.1 RabbitMQ队列配置

// config/queue.php
return [
    'default' => 'rabbitmq',
    'connections' => [
        'rabbitmq' => [
            'type' => 'rabbitmq',
            'host' => [
                'mq_node1:5672', 
                'mq_node2:5672'
            ],
            'vhost' => '/tp8',
            'username' => 'mq_admin',
            'password' => 'MqP@ss123',
            'exchange' => 'tp8_exchange',
            'timeout' => 60,
            
            // 集群策略
            'ha_policy' => 'all', // 镜像到所有节点
            'heartbeat' => 30 // 心跳检测
        ]
    ]
];

3.2 分布式任务处理

// 生产者 (Controller)
use think\queue\Job;
Queue::push(\app\job\PaymentJob::class, [
    'order_id' => $order->id, 
    'amount'   => $order->amount
]);

// 消费者 (app/job/PaymentJob.php)
class PaymentJob
{
    public function fire(Job $job, $data)
    {
        try {
            // 分布式事务处理
            Db::transaction(function () use ($data) {
                PaymentService::process($data);
            });
            $job->delete();
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            // 指数退避重试
            if ($job->attempts() < 5) {
                $job->release(2 ** $job->attempts());
            } else {
                $job->delete();
                Log::error("支付处理失败: ".$e->getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}

---

四、微服务RPC通信

4.1 服务注册与发现

// 服务注册器
class ServiceRegistry
{
    public static function getServiceNodes($serviceName)
    {
        // 从Consul获取节点信息
        return Http::get('http://consul:8500/v1/catalog/service/'.$serviceName)
            ->json();
    }
}

// 服务消费者
$inventoryNodes = ServiceRegistry::getServiceNodes('inventory-service');
$result = Http::post($inventoryNodes[0]['Address'], [
    'action' => 'deduct',
    'sku'    => 'P1001',
    'qty'    => 10
]);

4.2 熔断器实现

class CircuitBreaker
{
    private $service;
    private $failureCount = 0;
    private $lastAttempt = 0;
    private $threshold = 5;
    private $timeout = 30;

    public function __construct($service) {
        $this->service = $service;
    }

    public function call($method, $params) {
        if ($this->isOpen()) {
            throw new \Exception("服务熔断中");
        }

        try {
            $result = call_user_func_array([$this->service, $method], $params);
            $this->reset();
            return $result;
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            $this->recordFailure();
            throw $e;
        }
    }

    private function recordFailure() {
        $this->failureCount++;
        $this->lastAttempt = time();
    }

    private function isOpen() {
        if ($this->failureCount >= $this->threshold && 
            time() < $this->lastAttempt + $this->timeout) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

// 使用示例
$breaker = new CircuitBreaker(new InventoryService);
try {
    $breaker->call('deductStock', [$sku, $qty]);
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    // 降级处理
    OrderService::holdStock($sku, $qty);
}

---

五、分布式文件存储

5.1 OSS多地域部署

// config/filesystem.php
'disks' => [
    'oss_beijing' => [
        'driver' => 'oss',
        'access_id' => env('OSS_ACCESS_ID'),
        'access_key' => env('OSS_ACCESS_KEY'),
        'bucket' => 'company-bj',
        'endpoint' => 'oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com'
    ],
    'oss_shanghai' => [
        'driver' => 'oss',
        'access_id' => env('OSS_ACCESS_ID'),
        'access_key' => env('OSS_ACCESS_KEY'),
        'bucket' => 'company-sh',
        'endpoint' => 'oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com'
    ]
],

// 智能选择存储节点
Filesystem::disk(
    request()->hasHeader('X-User-Region') && 
    request()->header('X-User-Region') === 'SH' ?
    'oss_shanghai' : 'oss_beijing'
);

---

六、分布式事务协调

6.1 Saga事务管理器

class OrderSaga
{
    public function createOrder($data)
    {
        Saga::transaction()
            ->addCompensation([$this, 'cancelOrder']) // 补偿方法
            
            // 步骤1: 锁定库存
            ->step(
                InventoryService::class, 
                'lockStock', 
                [$data['items']]
            )
            
            // 步骤2: 创建支付单
            ->step(
                PaymentService::class,
                'createPayment',
                [$data['payment']]
            )
            
            // 步骤3: 生成订单
            ->step(
                OrderService::class,
                'generateOrder',
                [$data]
            )
            
            ->execute();
    }
    
    public function cancelOrder($sagaData)
    {
        // 分布式回滚逻辑
        PaymentService::cancelPayment($sagaData['payment_id']);
        InventoryService::releaseStock($sagaData['items']);
        OrderService::markCanceled($sagaData['order_id']);
    }
}

---

七、分布式监控实践

7.1 Prometheus指标暴露

// 安装 prometheus_client_php
composer require promphp/prometheus_client_php

// 控制器
class MetricsController
{
    public function index()
    {
        $registry = new CollectorRegistry(new InMemory());
        
        // 请求计数器
        $counter = $registry->getOrRegisterCounter(
            'app', 
            'http_requests_total', 
            'Total HTTP requests',
            ['method', 'endpoint']
        );
        $counter->inc(['GET', '/metrics']);
        
        // DB查询直方图
        $histogram = $registry->getOrRegisterHistogram(
            'db',
            'query_duration_seconds',
            'DB query duration',
            ['query'],
            [0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0]
        );
        $histogram->observe(0.25, ['SELECT * FROM users']);
        
        return response($registry->render())
            ->header('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
    }
}

---

架构验证清单

1. 故障注入测试

   # 模拟网络分区
   iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DROP
   
   # 观察系统反应
   tail -f runtime/log/*.log
   

2. 混沌工程验证项：

   • 随机终止数据库节点
   • 引入500ms网络延迟
   • 强制Redis主节点切换
   • 消息队列磁盘空间耗尽

3. 基准性能测试：

   # 使用ab进行压力测试
   ab -c 100 -n 5000 http://your-api/endpoint
   
   # 监控指标
   watch -n 1 "curl -s http://prometheus:9090/api/v1/query?query=app_http_requests_total"
   

ThinkPHP 8 的分布式支持通过解耦核心组件、提供集群化配置接口和故障恢复机制，使传统PHP应用具备现代分布式系统的弹性能力。建议在生产环境中逐步实施，从数据库读写分离开始，逐步扩展到全栈分布式架构。