题目来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/easonliu/p/3696135.html
题目描述
Given a string s1, we may represent it as a binary tree by partitioning it to two non-empty substrings recursively.
Below is one possible representation of s1 ="great":
great / \ gr eat / \ / \ g r e at / \ a t
To scramble the string, we may choose any non-leaf node and swap its two children.
For example, if we choose the node"gr"and swap its two children, it produces a scrambled string"rgeat".
rgeat / \ rg eat / \ / \ r g e at / \ a t
We say that"rgeat"is a scrambled string of"great".
Similarly, if we continue to swap the children of nodes"eat"and"at", it produces a scrambled string"rgtae".
rgtae / \ rg tae / \ / \ r g ta e / \ t a
We say that"rgtae"is a scrambled string of"great".
Given two strings s1 and s2 of the same length, determine if s2 is a scrambled string of s1.
分析:
这个问题是google的面试题。由于一个字符串有很多种二叉表示法,貌似很难判断两个字符串是否可以做这样的变换。
对付复杂问题的方法是从简单的特例来思考,从而找出规律。
先考察简单情况:
字符串长度为1:很明显,两个字符串必须完全相同才可以。
字符串长度为2:当s1="ab", s2只有"ab"或者"ba"才可以。
对于任意长度的字符串,我们可以把字符串s1分为a1,b1两个部分,s2分为a2,b2两个部分,满足((a1~a2) && (b1~b2))或者 ((a1~b2) && (a1~b2))
如此,我们找到了解决问题的思路。首先我们尝试用递归来写。
解法一(递归):
两个字符串的相似的必备条件是含有相同的字符集。简单的做法是把两个字符串的字符排序后,然后比较是否相同。
加上这个检查就可以大大的减少递归次数。
import java.util.*;
public class Solution {
public boolean isScramble(String s1, String s2) {
if(s1 == null||s2 == null||s1.length()!=s2.length())
return false;
if(s1.length() == 1&&s1.charAt(0) == s2.charAt(0))
return true;
char[] ch1=s1.toCharArray();
char[] ch2=s2.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(ch1);
Arrays.sort(ch2);
if(String.valueOf(ch1).equals(String.valueOf(ch2)) == false)
return false;
for(int i=1;i<s1.length();i++)
{
String s11=s1.substring(0,i);
String s12=s1.substring(i);
String s21=s2.substring(0,i);
String s22=s2.substring(i);
if(isScramble(s11,s21)&&isScramble(s12,s22))
return true;
s21=s2.substring(0,s2.length()-i);
s22=s2.substring(s2.length()-i);
if(isScramble(s11,s22)&&isScramble(s12,s21))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}