PerformanceCounter的使用详解--记一次获取磁盘活动时间的过程

原创已于 2022-10-24 19:55:32 修改 · 4.8k 阅读

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于 2022-10-24 19:49:26 首次发布

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本文介绍了如何利用C#的PerformanceCounter类来获取磁盘使用情况，特别是通过PhysicalDisk类别和%IdleTime计数器来判断磁盘是否忙碌。通过获取CategoryName、CounterName和InstanceName，最终实现对磁盘空闲时间的实时监控，从而推算出磁盘活动时间。此外，还探讨了Avg.DiskQueueLength参数对于磁盘使用情况的指示作用。

项目中需要获取磁盘的使用情况，判断磁盘是否处于忙碌状态。由于之前有了获取cpu使用率的经验，所以这次依然打算使用PerformanceCounter来获取磁盘状态的。

一种通过代码（cmd命令行）准确获取cpu的使用率的方法

PerformanceCounter顾名思义就是获取性能计数器的读数，但网上大多数都是用来获取cpu的使用率情况的（其实他们获取的并不准😁，准确的获取方式参见上面的链接），没有获取磁盘的，故需要来调用api来查找结果。

PerformanceCounter的定义为：

public PerformanceCounter(string categoryName, string counterName, string instanceName);

我们如果要使用PerformanceCounter，就必须知道categoryName、counterName和instanceName三个传参，好在可以通过api的方式来获取参数：

1.获取所有计数器的CategoryName

首先是要获取所有计数器的CategoryName，以下是获取代码，所有的CategoryName见文章尾：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace PerformanceCounterFun
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            PerformanceCounterCategory[] pcc = PerformanceCounterCategory.GetCategories();
            for (int i = 0; i < pcc.Length; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(pcc[i].CategoryName);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

执行后的部分结果：

注：GetCategories（）为检索本地计算机已注册的性能计数器类别的列表。所以本地调试还是自己获取下比较好。

然后需要来排查确定是哪个CategoryName，我本次打算做磁盘相关的，所以就搜disk，以下是结果：

缩小了范围后，发现 LogicalDisk和PhysicalDisk比较接近，然后在网上搜索后发现PhysicalDisk比较符合需要，经过验证后确认，LogicalDisk是按照逻辑磁盘来划分，而PhysicalDisk是通过物理磁盘来划分，举个例子，如果一个硬盘分区成C,D两个盘符，LogicalDisk是C,D盘分别进行统计性能的，而PhysicalDisk则C,D盘符同时统计，故PhysicalDisk比较符合本次需求。

2.获取instanceName

然后就是查询其instanceName，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace PerformanceCounterFun
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            PerformanceCounterCategory diskCounter = new PerformanceCounterCategory("PhysicalDisk");
            string[] instanceNames = diskCounter.GetInstanceNames();
            for (int i = 0; i < instanceNames.Length; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(instanceNames[i]);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

执行结果：

由于我电脑插入了优盘，故这里找到了3个参数，其中 0 C: D:是我的磁盘，1 E:是优盘，跟资源管理器上面显示的一致。

3.获取CounterName

然后就是查询其CounterName，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace PerformanceCounterFun
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            PerformanceCounterCategory diskCounter = new PerformanceCounterCategory("PhysicalDisk");
            PerformanceCounter[] counterName = diskCounter.GetCounters("0 C: D:");
            for (int i = 0; i < counterName.Length; i++)
            {   
                Console.WriteLine(counterName[i].CounterName);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

执行结果：

Current Disk Queue Length
% Disk Time
Avg. Disk Queue Length
% Disk Read Time
Avg. Disk Read Queue Length
% Disk Write Time
Avg. Disk Write Queue Length
Avg. Disk sec/Transfer
Avg. Disk sec/Read
Avg. Disk sec/Write
Disk Transfers/sec
Disk Reads/sec
Disk Writes/sec
Disk Bytes/sec
Disk Read Bytes/sec
Disk Write Bytes/sec
Avg. Disk Bytes/Transfer
Avg. Disk Bytes/Read
Avg. Disk Bytes/Write
% Idle Time
Split IO/Sec

经过一番测试，发现% Idle Time这个参数比较合适，以下是代码和执行结果：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace PerformanceCounterFun
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            PerformanceCounter diskInfo = new PerformanceCounter("PhysicalDisk", "% Idle Time", "0 C: D:");
            while (true)
            {
                float diskCounter = diskInfo.NextValue();
                Console.WriteLine(diskCounter);
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
        }
    }
}

可以看到，这个"% Idle Time"参数为磁盘的空闲时间，拿100减去它就是任务管理器里的磁盘活动时间，至此，可以交差了。

4.题外话

不过在尝试过程中，发现了一个有趣的参数：Avg. Disk Queue Length。其字面意思就是磁盘队列平均长度，我找了台还在使用机械硬盘的老爷机跑了一下，发现其队列长度达到1以上后，其任务管理器里的磁盘活动时间就会变成100%，故猜测这个参数跟这个磁盘活动时间是有关联的。

磁盘队列平均长度应该是统计一段内的磁盘队列平均共有多少个待处理的磁盘任务每秒，如果磁盘性能较差，那有可能在运行大量使用磁盘io的软件（比如360杀毒软件全盘扫描和瑞星杀毒全盘扫描同时开）时，会堆积大量的磁盘任务，导致严重拖慢系统响应速度。而这个队列平均长度大于1，说明磁盘时刻都有磁盘任务要处理，故磁盘活动时间就是100%。

但是这个磁盘活动时间并不能完全体现磁盘的使用情况，因为磁盘队列平均长度达到1以后，就是100%了，而在实际使用过程中，磁盘队列平均长度可以达到2，300，甚至更高，这个时候系统已经接近假死了，故磁盘队列平均长度更能体现磁盘的使用情况。但由于某种原因，我们还是选择了磁盘空闲时间来作为磁盘的性能体现。

以下是在ssd上跑的Avg. Disk Queue Length，凑合看，老爷机已经假死了，没办法录屏：

5.附录

附录--本机所有的计数器：

ServiceModelOperation 3.0.0.0

Microsoft FTP Service

Database ==> Instances

Storage Spaces Tier

ASP.NET Applications

GPU Process Memory

Process

LogicalDisk

XHCI Interrupter

SMB Direct Connection

Hyper-V Dynamic Memory Balancer

WSMan Quota Statistics

RemoteFX Root GPU Management

Storage QoS Filter - Flow

Network Adapter

Hyper-V VM Live Migration

WinNAT ICMP

Hyper-V Virtual Switch Port

Telephony

WinNAT

NBT Connection

RAS Total

WinNAT UDP

UDPv4

Distributed Routing Table

UDPv6

ASP.NET

Hyper-V Hypervisor Virtual Processor

RAS

Hyper-V Virtual Storage Device

Objects

.NET Memory Cache 4.0

NUMA Node Memory

IPsec AuthIP IPv6

ServiceModelEndpoint 3.0.0.0

ASP.NET v2.0.50727

IPsec AuthIP IPv4

Hyper-V Hypervisor Root Partition

Hyper-V Virtual SMB

Hyper-V Virtual Machine Bus

Teredo Relay

Terminal Services Session

.NET Data Provider for Oracle

.NET CLR Loading

Hyper-V VM Vid Partition

.NET CLR LocksAndThreads

Hyper-V Hypervisor

PacketDirect Receive Counters

Redirector

Hyper-V Virtual Network Adapter Drop Reasons

Hyper-V VM Remoting

GPU Non Local Adapter Memory

ServiceModelEndpoint 4.0.0.0

ICMPv6

ASP.NET State Service

.NET CLR Exceptions

XHCI CommonBuffer

Power Meter

Web Service Cache

.NET CLR Remoting

Energy Meter

Pacer Pipe

RemoteFX Network

HTTP Service

Hyper-V Virtual Machine Health Summary

SMB Server

Job Object Details

Offline Files

PacketDirect Receive Filters

Thermal Zone Information

Bluetooth Device

ServiceModelService 3.0.0.0

WinNAT TCP

Event Tracing for Windows Session

PhysicalDisk

TCPIP Performance Diagnostics (Per-CPU)

System

Hyper-V Legacy Network Adapter

Network Interface

Storage Spaces Drt

Hyper-V Worker Virtual Processor

Per Processor Network Interface Card Activity

VFP Port Average Outbound Network Traffic

Hyper-V Virtual Machine Bus Provider Pipes

Hyper-V Virtual Network Adapter

.NET Data Provider for SqlServer

Hyper-V VM IO APIC

Browser

Database ==> TableClasses

IPHTTPS Global

VFP QoS Queue Average Outbound Network Traffic

VFP Port Total Inbound Network Traffic

SMSvcHost 3.0.0.0

GPU Local Adapter Memory

.NET CLR Security

ServiceModelService 4.0.0.0

Terminal Services

RemoteFX Graphics

ReFS

WFP

Event Tracing for Windows

VFP QoS Queue Total Outbound Network Traffic

USB

Hyper-V Virtual Network Adapter VRSS

WFP Classify

VFP Port Total Inbound Dropped Network Packets

Windows Workflow Foundation

VFP Port Total Outbound Dropped Network Packets

MSDTC Bridge 4.0.0.0

IPsec IKEv2 IPv6

.NET CLR Networking

DNS64 Global

WorkflowServiceHost 4.0.0.0

Per Processor Network Activity Cycles

ASP.NET v4.0.30319

TCPv6

Hyper-V VM Virtual Device Pipe IO

TCPv4

VFP QoS Queue Total Inbound Network Traffic

Client Side Caching

Hyper-V Dynamic Memory Integration Service

IPHTTPS Session

VFP QoS Queue Average Inbound Network Traffic

Teredo Server

IPsec IKEv2 IPv4

Search Indexer

WFPv4

Storage Spaces Virtual Disk

WFPv6

PacketDirect EC Utilization

Distributed Transaction Coordinator

HTTP Service Url Groups

Fax Service

.NET CLR Networking 4.0.0.0

IPv6

Microsoft Winsock BSP

WF (System.Workflow) 4.0.0.0

IPsec IKEv1 IPv6

Network QoS Policy

IPsec IKEv1 IPv4

Hyper-V Virtual IDE Controller (Emulated)

Event Log

Netlogon

.NET CLR Memory

Hyper-V Virtual Machine Bus Pipes

Cache

Peer Name Resolution Protocol

XHCI TransferRing

Windows Media Player Metadata

Storage Spaces Write Cache

Synchronization

ASP.NET Apps v2.0.50727

PowerShell Workflow

Hyper-V Dynamic Memory VM

Generic IKEv1, AuthIP, and IKEv2

Memory

Authorization Manager Applications

Hyper-V VM Save, Snapshot, and Restore

Print Queue

IPsec Driver

SMSvcHost 4.0.0.0

SMB Server Shares

Hyper-V VM Worker Process Memory Manager

Database

IPsec Connections

Windows Time Service

SMB Server Sessions

Database ==> Databases

Hyper-V Virtual Switch

TCPIP Performance Diagnostics

Physical Network Interface Card Activity

HTTP Service Request Queues

Processor Information

Paging File

Hyper-V Virtual Switch Processor

Processor

MSDTC Bridge 3.0.0.0

RAS Port

Thread

IPv4

.NET CLR Data

VFP Port Total Outbound Network Traffic

WFP Reauthorization

Teredo Client

Pacer Flow

BranchCache

GPU Engine

SynchronizationNuma

AppV Client Streamed Data Percentage

FileSystem Disk Activity

Hyper-V Hypervisor Partition

.NET CLR Jit

BitLocker

Bluetooth Radio

Hyper-V VM Vid Driver

PacketDirect Queue Depth

Storage Management WSP Spaces Runtime

W3SVC_W3WP

ServiceModelOperation 4.0.0.0

GPU Adapter Memory

WinNAT Instance

Hyper-V Replica VM

PacketDirect Transmit Counters

APP_POOL_WAS

Hyper-V VM Vid Numa Node

.NET CLR Interop

ASP.NET Apps v4.0.30319

WAS_W3WP

Hyper-V Hypervisor Root Virtual Processor

ICMP

Web Service

Hyper-V Configuration

VFP Port Average Inbound Network Traffic

Hyper-V Hypervisor Logical Processor

Storage QoS Filter - Volume