FreeBSD/Solaris使用摘记_freebsd lumina-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/jiankangshiye/article/details/52171239

本文档提供了FreeBSD系统的详细技术指南，包括FreeBSD的安装配置、软件编译安装、性能测试、网络配置等多个方面的解决方案和技术技巧。涵盖了从基本操作到高级应用的知识点。

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[问题]

[解答]

[问题] FreeBSD git diff tab长度设置

[解答] 设置成显示4个空格宽度代替一个Tab的宽度：git config --global core.pager 'less -x1,5'恢复默认为8个空格宽度代替一个Tab的宽度：git config --global core.pager 'less'

[问题] 在FreeBSD11 上面编译linux kernel 3.10.99 设备树的时候，遇到DTC解析dts文件报错dtc 1.2.0 unable to parse input tree

[解答] 原因是dts里面没有指定dts的版本号，添加下面一行语句即可，可以在kernel里面的很多dts文件看到版本号的身影

/dts-v1/;

详情请参考：www.spinics.net/lists/devicetree/msg36798.html

[问题] FreeBSD 11 thinkpad e430 xorg-server-1.18.4,1 crash, how did i fix it

[解答] pkg install xf86-video-interl

[问题] FreeBSD xterm 配置

[解答] vi ~/.Xdefaults

xterm*faceName: Consolas: antialias=True: pixelsize=18
xterm*faceNameDoublesize: Microsoft YaHei: antialias=True: pixelsize=16

Ref: http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xiao_wanpeng/article/details/7845510

[问题] FreeBSD 11 RootOnZFS 安装到硬盘一个分区中的方法

[解答] 用的测试电脑是ThinkPad E430. 安装三个操作系统（Win7 32bit， CentOS 7 64bit， FreeBSD 11 64bit）

用FreeBSD 11的光盘引导，目的是进入SHELL界面，需要用 gpart 工具对硬盘进行分区

删除已有的任何分区，查看分区的情况

gpart show ada0

gpart delete 1 ada0

gpart destroy ada0

创建ada0

gpart create -s mbr ada0

创建3个分区分别用来安装三个操作系统

gpart add -s 60G -t ntfs ada0

gpart add -s 60G -t ebr ada0

gpart add -s 320G -t freebsd ada0

win7的安装用win7光盘直接安装的第一个分区里面即可。

centos7的安装，没安装成功，centos7 在 e430中鼠标和键盘都不能用

freebsd11的安装，在命令行里面完成，接着上面的命令行操作，来安装freebsd

gpart set -a active -i 1 ada0

创建BSD类型的ada0s3（第三个分区）用于安装freebsd

gpart create -s BSD ada0s3

添加ZFS格式的子分区(整个第三分区变成了ZFS格式的)

gpart add -t freebsd-zfs ada0s3

安装FreeBSD第一阶段的启动固件也就是boot0(命令中的/boot/boot0是光盘里面的内容)

gpart bootcode -b /boot/boot0 ada0

创建一个zfs pool

gnop create -S 4096 ada0s3a

zpool create -f -o altroot=/tmp -o cachefile=/var/tmp/zpool.cache tank /dev/ada0s3a.nop

gnop delete /dev/ada0s3a.nop

zpool export tank

安装FreeBSD第二阶段的启动固件boot1(命令中的/boot/zfsboot是光盘里面的内容)

dd if=/boot/zfsboot of/tmp/zfsboot1 count=1

gpart bootcode -b /tmp/zfsboot1 ada0s3

dd if=/boot/zfsboot of=/dev/ada0s3 skip=1 seek=1024

zpool import -f -o altroot=/tmp -o cachefile=/var/tmp/zpool.cache tank

zpool set bootfs=tank tank
zpool set listsnapshots=on tank
zfs set logbias=throughput tank
zfs set compression=lz4 tank
zfs set atime=off tank
zfs set copies=2 tank

安装FreeBSD到zfs分区上(命令中/tmp/tank是zfs分区挂载的位置)

export DESTDIR=/tmp/tank

cd /usr/freebsd-distfiles

for file in kernel.txz doc.txz;

do (cat $file | tar --unlink -xpJf - -C{$DESTDIR:-/});done

安装zpool.cahce

cp /var/tmp/zpool.cache /tmp/tank/boot/zfs/zpool.cache

创建swap分区（直接创建在tank里面）

zfs create -V 1G tank/swap

zfs set org.freebsd:swap=on tank/swap

zfs set copies=1 tank/swap

制作/etc/rc.conf

echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' >> /tmp/tank/etc/rc.conf

制作/boot/loader.conf

echo 'zfs_load="YES"' >> /tmp/tank/boot/loader.conf

echo 'vfs.root.mountfrom="zfs:tank"' >> /tmp/tank/boot/loader.conf

制作 /etc/fstab

touch /tmp/tank/etc/fstab

弹出光盘重启电脑

参考：https://calomel.org/zfs_freebsd_root_install.html

https://wiki.freebsd.org/RootOnZFS/ZFSBootPartition

[问题] FreeBSD 安装 BCM4313驱动方法

[解答]

Broadcom NDIS HOWTO https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/36611/

[问题] 编译/安装FreeBSD11源代码的方法

[解答] cd /usr/src

sudo make buildkernel KERNCONF=GENERIC

sudo make installkernel KERNCONF=GENERIC

之后更改代码，可以使用增量编译的方法，加快编译速度（仅仅编译更改的代码部分）

sudo make -DNO_CLEAN buildkernel KERNCONF=GENERIC

sudo make installkernel KERNCONF=GENERIC

[问题] FreeBSD 查看 WiFi 芯片型号

[解答]

pciconf -lv | grep Wireless

[问题] FreeBSD 用 fio 测试磁盘 IO 性能

[解答]

测试随机写IOPS：

$ fio -direct=1 -iodepth=128 -rw=randwrite -ioengine=posixaio -bs=4k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -filename=iotest -name=Rand_Write_Testing

fio-2.18
Starting 1 process
Rand_Write_Testing: Laying out IO file(s) (1 file(s) / 1024MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][97.7%][r=0KiB/s,w=15.5MiB/s][r=0,w=3941 IOPS][eta 00m:04s]
Rand_Write_Testing: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=86094: Thu May 4 14:02:16 2017
write: IOPS=1565, BW=6260KiB/s (6411kB/s)(1024MiB/167491msec)
slat (usec): min=0, max=303, avg= 0.11, stdev= 0.70
clat (usec): min=202, max=2598.7k, avg=81680.44, stdev=64947.77
lat (usec): min=203, max=2598.7k, avg=81680.55, stdev=64947.77
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 1736], 5.00th=[ 9536], 10.00th=[25472], 20.00th=[45312],
| 30.00th=[59648], 40.00th=[71168], 50.00th=[80384], 60.00th=[87552],
| 70.00th=[97792], 80.00th=[108032], 90.00th=[128512], 95.00th=[154624],
| 99.00th=[214016], 99.50th=[242688], 99.90th=[782336], 99.95th=[1728512],
| 99.99th=[1908736]
lat (usec) : 250=0.01%, 500=0.11%, 750=0.14%, 1000=0.13%
lat (msec) : 2=1.35%, 4=1.07%, 10=2.36%, 20=3.53%, 50=14.14%
lat (msec) : 100=49.64%, 250=27.23%, 500=0.06%, 750=0.13%, 1000=0.04%
lat (msec) : 2000=0.06%, >=2000=0.01%
cpu : usr=0.40%, sys=2.49%, ctx=244300, majf=6, minf=4
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.2%, 32=0.6%, >=64=99.1%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=95.5%, 8=1.1%, 16=1.1%, 32=1.4%, 64=0.7%, >=64=0.1%
issued rwt: total=0,262144,0, short=0,0,0, dropped=0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=128

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=6260KiB/s (6411kB/s), 6260KiB/s-6260KiB/s (6411kB/s-6411kB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=167491-167491msec

测试随机读IOPS：

$ fio -direct=1 -iodepth=128 -rw=randread -ioengine=posixaio -bs=4k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -filename=iotest -name=Rand_Read_Testing
Rand_Read_Testing: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=4096B-4096B,4096B-4096B,4096B-4096B, ioengine=posixaio, iodepth=128
fio-2.18
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1)
Rand_Read_Testing: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=87428: Thu May 4 14:20:18 2017
read: IOPS=199k, BW=776MiB/s (814MB/s)(1024MiB/1319msec)
slat (usec): min=0, max=6, avg= 0.09, stdev= 0.29
clat (usec): min=68, max=192867, avg=417.91, stdev=1458.07
lat (usec): min=69, max=192867, avg=418.01, stdev=1458.07
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 161], 5.00th=[ 179], 10.00th=[ 201], 20.00th=[ 245],
| 30.00th=[ 290], 40.00th=[ 334], 50.00th=[ 378], 60.00th=[ 422],
| 70.00th=[ 466], 80.00th=[ 516], 90.00th=[ 556], 95.00th=[ 588],
| 99.00th=[ 764], 99.50th=[ 868], 99.90th=[ 9920], 99.95th=[14656],
| 99.99th=[82432]
lat (usec) : 100=0.01%, 250=21.23%, 500=56.19%, 750=21.26%, 1000=0.96%
lat (msec) : 2=0.11%, 4=0.05%, 10=0.12%, 20=0.06%, 50=0.01%
lat (msec) : 100=0.01%, 250=0.01%
cpu : usr=20.71%, sys=71.85%, ctx=27757, majf=0, minf=3
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=1.2%, 4=2.8%, 8=5.6%, 16=11.8%, 32=25.0%, >=64=53.6%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=99.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.8%
issued rwt: total=262144,0,0, short=0,0,0, dropped=0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=128

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=776MiB/s (814MB/s), 776MiB/s-776MiB/s (814MB/s-814MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=1319-1319msec

测试写吞吐量：

$ fio -direct=1 -iodepth=64 -rw=write -ioengine=posixaio -bs=64k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -filename=iotest -name=Write_PPS_Te
Write_PPS_Testing: (g=0): rw=write, bs=64.0KiB-64.0KiB,64.0KiB-64.0KiB,64.0KiB-64.0KiB, ioengine=posixaio, iodepth=64
fio-2.18
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)][100.0%][r=0KiB/s,w=75.9MiB/s][r=0,w=1213 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
Write_PPS_Testing: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=87542: Thu May 4 14:22:26 2017
write: IOPS=1413, BW=88.4MiB/s (92.7MB/s)(1024MiB/11589msec)
slat (usec): min=0, max=184, avg= 2.45, stdev= 6.42
clat (usec): min=97, max=11433k, avg=44948.05, stdev=187112.38
lat (usec): min=98, max=11433k, avg=44950.49, stdev=187112.15
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 149], 5.00th=[ 314], 10.00th=[ 494], 20.00th=[ 844],
| 30.00th=[ 1672], 40.00th=[ 9280], 50.00th=[23936], 60.00th=[39680],
| 70.00th=[60672], 80.00th=[80384], 90.00th=[105984], 95.00th=[125440],
| 99.00th=[199680], 99.50th=[452608], 99.90th=[544768], 99.95th=[593920],
| 99.99th=[11468800]
lat (usec) : 100=0.01%, 250=3.50%, 500=6.87%, 750=7.07%, 1000=6.19%
lat (msec) : 2=9.14%, 4=3.10%, 10=4.96%, 20=7.20%, 50=17.79%
lat (msec) : 100=22.42%, 250=11.00%, 500=0.37%, 750=0.36%, >=2000=0.02%
cpu : usr=0.60%, sys=1.19%, ctx=14439, majf=0, minf=3
IO depths : 1=0.2%, 2=0.7%, 4=2.1%, 8=4.6%, 16=9.4%, 32=72.8%, >=64=10.3%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=94.4%, 8=2.3%, 16=2.2%, 32=0.5%, 64=0.5%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwt: total=0,16384,0, short=0,0,0, dropped=0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=88.4MiB/s (92.7MB/s), 88.4MiB/s-88.4MiB/s (92.7MB/s-92.7MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=11589-11589msec

测试读吞吐量：

$ fio -direct=1 -iodepth=64 -rw=read -ioengine=posixaio -bs=64k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -filename=iotest -name=Read_PPS_Tes
Read_PPS_Testing: (g=0): rw=read, bs=64.0KiB-64.0KiB,64.0KiB-64.0KiB,64.0KiB-64.0KiB, ioengine=posixaio, iodepth=64
fio-2.18
Starting 1 process

Read_PPS_Testing: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=87618: Thu May 4 14:23:38 2017
read: IOPS=97.6k, BW=6095MiB/s (6391MB/s)(1024MiB/168msec)
slat (usec): min=0, max=5, avg= 0.13, stdev= 0.34
clat (usec): min=59, max=2194, avg=369.04, stdev=175.33
lat (usec): min=59, max=2194, avg=369.16, stdev=175.33
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 89], 5.00th=[ 109], 10.00th=[ 139], 20.00th=[ 195],
| 30.00th=[ 251], 40.00th=[ 310], 50.00th=[ 366], 60.00th=[ 422],
| 70.00th=[ 478], 80.00th=[ 532], 90.00th=[ 596], 95.00th=[ 636],
| 99.00th=[ 716], 99.50th=[ 756], 99.90th=[ 1368], 99.95th=[ 1608],
| 99.99th=[ 2040]
lat (usec) : 100=3.10%, 250=26.61%, 500=44.37%, 750=25.39%, 1000=0.35%
lat (msec) : 2=0.17%, 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=14.37%, sys=43.11%, ctx=6966, majf=0, minf=3
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=1.5%, 4=6.5%, 8=12.9%, 16=25.9%, 32=51.6%, >=64=1.6%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=98.4%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=1.6%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwt: total=16384,0,0, short=0,0,0, dropped=0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=6095MiB/s (6391MB/s), 6095MiB/s-6095MiB/s (6391MB/s-6391MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=168-168msec

参考： https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25382.html?spm=5176.doc25392.6.550.v5f1bV

[问题] FreeBSD 命令行shell下载百度网盘的方法

[解答] 先用浏览器下载，不用下载完毕，目的是获取下载目标的下载地址，假如下载地址为url_address

使用wget命令，采用断点续传的方式下载，尤其是下载大文件的时候非常有用，我用的浏览器几乎不支持断点续传。

假设下载的文件名字为file_name, 命令是这样的 wget -O file_name -c url_address

根据我的测试wget的速度还是挺快的，要比windows（Freebsd irtualbox中虚拟的windows xp）百度网盘客户端的要快很多

当下载ISO这类GB级别的文件，wget会在一段时间后终止（应该是session过期了 HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 401 Unauthorized

Username/Password Authentication Failed.），需要用浏览器重新下载一次，获取一个新的下载地址，

假如新的下载地址为url_address_new, 继续下载的命令 wget -O file_name -c url_address_new

[问题] mariadb FreeBSD

[解答]

如果是第二次安装，安装前，需要先卸载掉现有的mariadb

sudo pkg remove mariadb55-server

sudo rm /usr/local/etc/mysql/*

sudo rm /var/db/mysql/*

sudo rm /root/.mysql_secret

安装方法： sudo pkg install mariadb55-server

启动方法： sudo /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server onestart

根据安装后的提示，需要修改mariadb中root用户的密码。

$ '/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password '123456'
$ '/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h freebsd11 password '123456'

其中‘freebsd11'对应的是mariadb所在服务器的hostname，代表那台机器的ip地址，需要在/etc/hosts中表明。

使用mysql命令连接 mariadb 的方法

$ mysql --user=root --password=123456 --host=freebsd11 --port=3306

[问题] freebsd 挂载 /proc 的方法

[解答] 简单的命令挂载： sudo mount -t procfs proc /proc

挂载后可以命令mount查看一下

mount

procfs on /proc (procfs, local)

放在/etc/fstab(file system table)则会在启动的时候自动挂载，procfs对应的内容：

# Device MountpointFStypeOptionsDumpPass#

proc /proc procfs rw 0 0

[问题] freebsd 手工部署 zstack （作为管理节点）

[解答]

创建zstack安装目录

sudo mkdir /usr/local/zstack

安装tomcat

$ sudo mv apache-tomcat-7.0.35 /usr/local/zstack/

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat-7.0.35 /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat
$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat-7.0.35/bin/*

配置tomcat

安装mysql57-server

$ sudo pkg install mysql57-server

更新zstack使用的pip
$ sudo easy_install -i "file:///usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack/static/pypi/simple" --upgrade pip

安装 virtualenv

$ sudo pip install -i "file:///usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack/static/pypi/simple" --trusted-host localhost --ignore-installed virtualenv

安装 ansible

$ sudo pip install -i "file:///usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack/static/pypi/simple" --trusted-host localhost --ignore-installed ansible

安装zstack.war$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack
$ sudo unzip -d /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack zstack.war
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack/VERSION /usr/local/zstack/VERSION

安装 zstack-cli

sudo mkdir /usr/local/zstack/virtualenv

cd /usr/local/zstack/virtualenv

sudo virtualenv zstackcli

. /usr/local/zstack/virtualenv/zstackcli/bin/activate

安装 apibinding-1.10 到虚拟环境

安装 zstacklib-1.10 到虚拟环境

安装 zstackcli-1.10 到虚拟环境

安装 zstack-ctl

$ cd /usr/local/zstack/virtualenv/
$ sudo virtualenv zstackctl

(zstackcli)$ . /usr/local/zstack/virtualenv/zstackctl/bin/activate

(zstackctl)$ sudo pip install -i "file:///usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack/static/pypi/simple" --trusted-host localhost --ignore-installed ansible
(zstackctl)$ cd zstackctl-1.10/

(zstackctl)$ sudo python setup.py install

生成 ssh key

[zstack@freebsd11 /usr/home/harvis]$ rm /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack/WEB-INF/classes/ansible/rsaKeys/*
[zstack@freebsd11 /usr/home/harvis]$ ssh-keygen -f /usr/local/zstack/apache-tomcat/webapps/zstack/WEB-INF/classes/ansible/rsaKeys/id_rsa -N '' -q

[问题] ceph 在 freebsd 11环境下编译补丁

[解答] 不能编译cephfs和libcephfs，因为freebsd没有keyutils库。

一修改ceph/do_cmake.sh

$ git diff do_cmake.sh
diff --git a/do_cmake.sh b/do_cmake.sh
index 2e9de99e97..f51a623253 100755
--- a/do_cmake.sh
+++ b/do_cmake.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,15 @@ if test -e build; then
fi
mkdir build
cd build
-cmake -DBOOST_J=$(nproc) "$@" ..
+cmake -D WITH_CEPHFS=OFF \
+      -D WITH_LIBCEPHFS=OFF \
+      -D WITH_KVS=OFF \
+      -D WITH_KRBD=OFF \
+      -D WITH_LTTNG=OFF \
+      -D WITH_EMBEDDED=OFF \
+      -D CMAKE_C_FLAGS="-O0 -g3 -gdwarf-4" \
+      -D CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O0 -g3 -gdwarf-4" -DBOOST_J=4 \
+      "$@" ..

# minimal config to find plugins
cat <<EOF > ceph.conf

二修改ceph/CMakeLists.txt

$ git diff CMakeLists.txt
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 044d868e97..109891c39e 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -530,6 +530,7 @@ else()
   set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
   execute_process(COMMAND "./bootstrap.sh"
     "--prefix=${BOOST_PREFIX}"
+    "--with-toolset=clang"
     "--with-libraries=atomic,container,context,coroutine,coroutine2,date_time,filesystem,iostreams,program_options,python,random,regex,system,thread"
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${BOOST_SOURCE_DIR})
   # 2. install headers

三修改ceph/src/rocksdb/CMakeLists.txt

$ git diff CMakeLists.txt
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 66717d51..1c32aabb 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "SunOS")
   add_definitions(-DOS_SOLARIS)
elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "FreeBSD")
   add_definitions(-DOS_FREEBSD)
+ set(FREEBSD on)
elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "NetBSD")
   add_definitions(-DOS_NETBSD)
elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "OpenBSD")
@@ -228,6 +229,12 @@ elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Windows")
   add_definitions(-DWIN32 -DOS_WIN -D_MBCS -DWIN64 -DNOMINMAX)
endif()

+if(FREEBSD)
+ include_directories(/usr/local/include)
+ link_directories(/usr/local/lib)
+ list(APPEND CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES /usr/local/include)
+endif(FREEBSD)
+
if(NOT WIN32)
   add_definitions(-DROCKSDB_PLATFORM_POSIX -DROCKSDB_LIB_IO_POSIX)
endif()

剩下的就是安装依赖库

1 Can't find sphinx-build.

$ sudo easy_install Sphinx

2. Could NOT find OpenLdap (missing: OPENLDAP_INCLUDE_DIR LDAP_LIBRARY LBER_LIBRARY)

$ sudo pkg install openldap-server

3. -- Could NOT find gperftools (missing: GPERFTOOLS_INCLUDE_DIR)

$ sudo pkg install google-perftools

4.-- Could NOT find JeMalloc (missing: JEMALLOC_LIBRARIES JEMALLOC_INCLUDE_DIR)

5. Could NOT find keyutils (missing: KEYUTILS_LIBRARIES KEYUTILS_INCLUDE_DIR)

# needs mds and? XXX

-option(WITH_LIBCEPHFS "libcephfs client library" ON)

+option(WITH_LIBCEPHFS "libcephfs client library" OFF)

# KERNEL remote block storage

-option(WITH_KRBD "Kernel Remote block storage is here" ON)

+option(WITH_KRBD "Kernel Remote block storage is here" OFF)

#option for LTTng

-option(WITH_LTTNG "LTTng tracing is enabled" ON)

+option(WITH_LTTNG "LTTng tracing is enabled" OFF)

6 CMake Error at cmake/modules/FindCython.cmake:24 (MESSAGE):

Could not find cython. Please install Cython.

$ sudo pkg install cython

7. Could NOT find fcgi (missing: FCGI_LIBRARY FCGI_INCLUDE_DIR)

$ sudo pkg install fcgi-devkit

8.-- Could NOT find BABELTRACE (missing: BABELTRACE_INCLUDE_DIR BABELTRACE_LIBRARY)

$ sudo pkg install babeltrace

9. ### No toolset specified. Please use --toolset option.

"--prefix=${BOOST_PREFIX}"

+ "--with-toolset=clang"

10.pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'Jinja2>=2.3' distribution was not found and is required by Sphinx

sudo pip install Jinja2

11. pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'six>=1.5' distribution was not found and is required by Sphinx

$ sudo pip install six

12.pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pytz>=0a' distribution was not found and is required by babel

$ sudo pip install pytz

[问题] tar: Failed to open '/dev/sa0' error in freebsd [closed]

[解答] tail -n $line $0 | tar -x -f - -C $tmpdir

in freebsd should be '| tar -x -f - -C'

[问题] freebsd atomic_ops.h 需要安装什么软件包

[解答] sudo pkg install libatomic_ops

[问题] FreeBSD urxvt 配置总结

[解答] urxvt --help

Usage: urxvt [options] [-e command args]

where resources (long-options) include:

termName: string

geometry: geometry

chdir: string

reverseVideo: boolean

loginShell: boolean

multiClickTime: number

jumpScroll: boolean

skipScroll: boolean

pastableTabs: boolean

scrollstyle: mode

scrollBar: boolean

scrollBar_right: boolean

scrollBar_floating: boolean

scrollBar_align: mode

thickness: number

scrollTtyOutput: boolean

scrollTtyKeypress: boolean

scrollWithBuffer: boolean

inheritPixmap: boolean

transparent: boolean

tintColor: color

shading: number

blurRadius: HxV

fading: number

fadeColor: color

utmpInhibit: boolean

urgentOnBell: boolean

visualBell: boolean

mapAlert: boolean

meta8: boolean

mouseWheelScrollPage: boolean ## 支持滚轮

tripleclickwords: boolean

insecure: boolean

cursorUnderline: boolean

cursorBlink: boolean

pointerBlank: boolean

background: color ## 背景色

foreground: color ## 前景色

color0: color

color1: color

color2: color

color3: color

color4: color

color5: color

color6: color

color7: color

color8: color

color9: color

color10: color

color11: color

color12: color

color13: color

color14: color

color15: color

colorBD: color

colorIT: color

colorUL: color ## URL的颜色

colorRV: color ## 反显颜色

underlineColor: color ## 下划线的颜色

scrollColor: color

troughColor: color

highlightColor: color

highlightTextColor: color

cursorColor: color

cursorColor2: color

pointerColor: color

pointerColor2: color

borderColor: color

path: search path

backgroundPixmap: file[;geom]

iconFile: file

font: fontname ## 字体名字

boldFont: fontname ## 粗体名字

italicFont: fontname ## 意大利字体

boldItalicFont: fontname ##意大利粗体

intensityStyles: boolean

inputMethod: name

preeditType: style

imLocale: string

imFont: fontname

title: string

iconName: string

saveLines: number ## 缓存行的数目

buffered: boolean

depth: number

visual: number

transient-for: windowid

override-redirect: boolean

hold: boolean

externalBorder: number

internalBorder: number

borderLess: boolean

lineSpace: number

letterSpace: number

skipBuiltinGlyphs: boolean

pointerBlankDelay: number

backspacekey: string

deletekey: string

print-pipe: string

modifier: modifier

cutchars: string

answerbackString: string

secondaryScreen: boolean

secondaryScroll: boolean

perl-lib: string

perl-eval: perl-eval

perl-ext-common: string

perl-ext: string

iso14755: boolean

iso14755_52: boolean

xrm: string

keysym.sym: keysym

background.border: boolean

background.expr: string

background.interval: seconds

bell-command: string

kuake.hotkey: string

matcher.button: string

matcher.launcher: string

matcher.launcher.*: string

matcher.pattern.*: string

matcher.rend.*: string

remote-clipboard.fetch: string

remote-clipboard.store: string

searchable-scrollback: string

selection-autotransform.*: string

selection-pastebin.cmd: string

selection-pastebin.url: string

selection.pattern-0: string

tab-bg: colour

tab-fg: colour

tabbar-bg: colour

tabbar-fg: colour

url-launcher: string ## URL加载器（用哪个浏览器）

-help to list options

[问题] FreeBSD11 install文泉驛 Font

[解答] cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy

sudo make install clean

by adding the following line to the section "Files" of
your X-server configuration file (usually /etc/X11/xorg.conf)
and restarting the X-server:

Section "Files"
...
FontPath "/usr/local/share/fonts/wqy"
...
EndSection

[问题] 如何将用户添加到用户组中

libGL error: failed to open drm device: Permission denied

libGL error: failed to load driver: i965

[解答] $ ls -l /dev/dri/
total 0
crw-rw---- 1 root video 0x71 Mar 12 08:43 card0
crw-rw---- 1 root video 0x70 Mar 12 08:43 controlD64
$ ls -l /dev/dri/card0
crw-rw---- 1 root video 0x71 Mar 12 08:43 /dev/dri/card0
$ sudo pw groupmod video -M harvis
Password:
$ cat /etc/group | grep video
video:*:44:harvis

将用户zstack添加到用户组wheel中
$ sudo pw groupmod wheel -m zstack

将用户zstack从用户组wheel中删除的命令

$ sudo pw groupmod wheel -d zstack

[问题] FreeBSD11 turn off beep

[解答] vi /etc/sysctl.conf

hw.syscons.bell=0

kern.vt.enable_bell=0# (FreeBSD >11).

[问题] FreeBSD 11 install lumina desktop

[解答] sudo pkg install lumina

sudo pkg install pcbsd-utils

REF: https://forums.pcbsd.org/post-112961.html

[问题] FreeBSD11 install foxit reader for pdf reader

[解答] cd /usr/ports/print/foxitreader

sudo make install clean

[问题] FreeBSD11 compile GDB 6.3

error: libintl.h: No such file or directory

[解答]

[问题] FreeBSD install mkisofs

[解答] sudo pkg install cdrtools

mkisofs:sysutils/cdrtools

[问题] FreeBSD change Time Zone from UTC to CTS

[解答] sudo tzsetup, then reboot

UTC
协调世界时，又称世界标准时间或世界协调时间，简称UTC，从英文“Coordinated Universal Time”／法文“Temps Universel Cordonné”而来。台湾采用CNS 7648的《资料元及交换格式–资讯交换–日期及时间的表示法》（与ISO 8601类似）称之为世界统一时间。中国大陆采用ISO 8601-1988的国标《数据元和交换格式信息交换日期和时间表示法》（GB/T 7408）中称之为国际协调时间。协调世界时是以原子时秒长为基础，在时刻上尽量接近于世界时的一种时间计量系统。

CST
北京时间，China Standard Time，又名中国标准时间，是中国的标准时间。在时区划分上，属东八区，比协调世界时早8小时，记为UTC+8，与中华民国国家标准时间（旧称“中原标准时间”）、香港时间和澳门时间和相同。當格林威治時間為凌晨0:00時，中國標準時間剛好為上午8:00。

[问题] bhyve centos7 vm installation "not a correct XFS inode"

[解答] bhyve centos6 works fine

[问题] FreeBSD mount ISO file

[解答] sudo mdconfig -a -t vnode -f CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1611.iso

md0

sudo mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 /mnt

umount method:

sudo umount /mnt

sudo mdconfig -d -u 0

[问题] FreeBSD moun U-disk

[解答]

mount_msdosfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt/usb/

II.

加入U盘支持参数。
重新编译系统内核。

mount_msdosfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt/usb/

III.

cd /mnt
mkdir usb
mount -t msdosfd /dev/da0s1 /mnt/usb

[问题] FreeBSD 11 mount a NTFS file system

[解答] sudo pkg install fusefs-ext4fuse

sudo ext4fuse /dev/da0s1 /mnt/

[问题] FreeBSD刻录启动光盘的方法

[解答] 1. 查看刻录机的信息，命令“sudo cdrecord -scanbus“结果中粗体是接下来要用到的

% sudo cdrecord -scanbus
Cdrecord-ProDVD-ProBD-Clone 3.01 (amd64-unknown-freebsd10.3) Copyright (C) 1995-2015 Joerg Schilling
Using libscg version 'schily-0.9'.
scsibus0:
   0,0,0      0) '' '' '' NON CCS Disk
   0,1,0      1) *
   0,2,0      2) *
   0,3,0      3) *
   0,4,0      4) *
   0,5,0      5) *
   0,6,0      6) *
   0,7,0      7) *
scsibus1:
   1,0,0   100) 'PLDS    ' 'DVD-RW DS8A8SH ' 'KL31' Removable CD-ROM
   1,1,0   101) *
   1,2,0   102) *
   1,3,0   103) *
   1,4,0   104) *
   1,5,0   105) *
   1,6,0   106) *
   1,7,0   107) *

2. 开始刻录光盘，命令中的粗体表示刻录机的ID

% sudo cdrecord dev=1,0,0 /home/harvis/VirtualMachine/freebsd11/FreeBSD-11.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso
Password:
cdrecord: No write mode specified.
cdrecord: Assuming -sao mode.
cdrecord: If your drive does not accept -sao, try -tao.
cdrecord: Future versions of cdrecord may have different drive dependent defaults.
Cdrecord-ProDVD-ProBD-Clone 3.01 (amd64-unknown-freebsd10.3) Copyright (C) 1995-2015 Joerg Schilling
scsidev: '1,0,0'
scsibus: 1 target: 0 lun: 0
Using libscg version 'schily-0.9'.
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 0
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   :
Vendor_info    : 'PLDS    '
Identifikation : 'DVD-RW DS8A8SH '
Revision       : 'KL31'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM.
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc-2 DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM driver (mmc_dvd).
Driver flags   : NO-CD DVD MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE FORCESPEED
Supported modes: PACKET SAO LAYER_JUMP
cdrecord: Warning: Cannot read drive buffer.
cdrecord: Warning: The DMA speed test has been skipped.
Starting to write CD/DVD/BD at speed 8 in real SAO mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write    0 seconds. Operation starts.
Turning BURN-Free off
Track 01: Total bytes read/written: 688340992/688340992 (336104 sectors).
%

[问题] FreeBSD port download cache position

[解答] /usr/ports/distfiles

[问题] where is qmake in freebsd 10.3

[解答] /usr/local/lib/qt5/bin/qmake

[问题] FreeBSD 10.3 Firefox 47.0 安装 "Adobe® Flash® plugin" 的方法

[解答]

Install www/nspluginwrapper from the port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available. This port requiresemulators/linux_base-c6.
Install www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 from the port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available.
Before the plugin is first used, each user must run:
```
% nspluginwrapper -v -a -i
```
When the plugin port has been updated and reinstalled, each user must run:
```
% nspluginwrapper -v -a -u
```
Start the browser, enter about:plugins in the location bar and pressEnter. A list of all the currently available plugins will be shown.

[问题] FreeBSD11 Firefox can't view pdf files

[解答] about:preferences#applications

search: pdf

Content Type Action

Portable Document Format(PDF) Preview In Firefox

if Action change to "Use Firefox", infinite open loop will come across

[问题] FreeBSD 编译安装ChezScheme的步骤

[解答]

1. 下载源代码

git clone git://github.com/cisco/ChezScheme.git

2. cd ChezScheme/

3. 配置

./configure --machine=a6osx

4. 编译

gmake

5. 测试

gmake test

查看测试结果信息

cat a6osx/mats/summary

6. 安装

sudo gmake install

7. 简单应用

% scheme

> (+ 1 2)
3

[问题] freebsd查看电池信息的方法

[解答] acpiconf -i0

查看笔记本电池电量的方法： sysctl hw.acpi.battery

管理电池电量的软件（有效提醒电量剩余量）：xbattbar

[问题] freebsd 挂载cd的命令

[解答] sudo mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt

[问题] freebsd 挂载 iso文件的命令

[解答] sudo mdconfig -a -t vnode -f FreeBSD-11.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso -u 0

sudo mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 /mnt

[问题] Virtualbox中的PCBSD如何安装Guest Addtions

[解答] https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd/how-to-guides/installing-freebsd-with-virtualbox/#!

[问题] solaris操作系统区分32bit和64bit的方法?

[解答] 依据命令isainfo -v信息的输出来区别.

64bit版本, 命令isainfo -v的输出如下

64-bit amd64 applications
   avx xsave pclmulqdq aes movbe sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 amd_lzcnt popcnt tscp
   ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu rdrand
32-bit i386 applications
   avx xsave pclmulqdq aes movbe sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 amd_lzcnt popcnt tscp
   ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov sep cx8 tsc fpu rdrand

32bit版本, 命令isainfo -v的输出如下

32-bit i386 applications
avx xsave pclmulqdq aes movbe sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 amd_lzcnt popcnt tscp
ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov sep cx8 tsc fpu rdrand

参考: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/806-6543/6jffrdmf4/index.html

[问题] FreeBSD11 bhyve install "Windows Server 2016 Evaluation"

[解答] iso: 14393.0.161119-1705.RS1_REFRESH_SERVERHYPERCORE_OEM_X64FRE_EN-US.ISO

terminal: rxvt

ref: https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve/Windows

Note: delete ProductKey in AutoUnattend.xml

<Key>/IMAGE/INDEX</Key>
<Value>1</Value>

Value changes from 4 to 1

激活: C:\Users\Administrator>slmgr /skms kms.shuax.com

C:\User\Administrator>slmgr /ato