centos7部署单点Kubernetes1.18 + calico,以及遇到的问题解决

原创已于 2022-12-06 09:47:21 修改

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#kubernetes #docker #linux

于 2022-05-16 17:05:22 首次发布

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centos7部署单点Kubernetes1.18

前提：

至少2台 2核4G 的服务器
Cent OS 7.6 / 7.7 / 7.8

安装后的软件版本为

https://www.kuboard.cn/install/history-k8s/install-k8s-1.18.x.html

Kubernetes v1.18.9
- calico 3.13.1
- nginx-ingress 1.5.5
Docker 19.03.8

docker images version

master

REPOSITORY                                             TAG    
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/kube-proxy                v1.18.9
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/kube-apiserver            v1.18.9
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/kube-controller-manager   v1.18.9
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/kube-scheduler            v1.18.9
quay.io/coreos/etcd                                    v3.4.13
calico/node                                            v3.13.1
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol                              v3.13.1
calico/cni                                             v3.13.1
calico/kube-controllers                                v3.13.1
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/pause                     3.2    
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/coredns                   1.6.7  
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/etcd                      3.4.3-0

node

REPOSITORY                                TAG     
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/kube-proxy   v1.18.9 
quay.io/coreos/etcd                       v3.4.13 
calico/node                               v3.13.1 
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol                 v3.13.1 
calico/cni                                v3.13.1 
registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio/pause        3.2

1、修改 hostname

如果您需要修改 hostname，可执行如下指令：

# 修改 hostname
hostnamectl set-hostname your-new-host-name
# 查看修改结果
hostnamectl status
# 设置 hostname 解析
echo "127.0.0.1   $(hostname)" >> /etc/hosts

2、检查网络

kubelet使用的IP地址

[root@demo-master-a-1 ~]$ ip route show
default via 172.21.0.1 dev eth0 
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 
172.21.0.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.21.0.12 

[root@demo-master-a-1 ~]$ ip address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:16:3e:12:a4:1b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.216.80/20 brd 172.17.223.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 305741654sec preferred_lft 305741654sec

ip route show 命令中，可以知道机器的默认网卡，通常是 eth0，例如 default via 172.21.0.23 dev eth0
ip address 命令中，可显示默认网卡的 IP 地址，Kubernetes 将使用此 IP 地址与集群内的其他节点通信，如 172.17.216.80
所有节点上 Kubernetes 所使用的 IP 地址必须可以互通（无需 NAT 映射、无安全组或防火墙隔离）

3、安装docker及kubelet

注意事项：

①、我的任意节点 centos 版本为 7.6 / 7.7 或 7.8
②、我的任意节点 CPU 内核数量大于等于 2，且内存大于等于 4G
③、我的任意节点 hostname 不是 localhost，且不包含下划线、小数点、大写字母
④、我的任意节点都有固定的内网 IP 地址
⑤、我的任意节点都只有一个网卡，如果有特殊目的，我可以在完成 K8S 安装后再增加新的网卡
⑥、我的任意节点上 Kubelet使用的 IP 地址可互通（无需 NAT 映射即可相互访问），且没有防火墙、安全组隔离
⑦、我的任意节点不会直接使用 docker run 或 docker-compose 运行容器

添加镜像源,根据情况自己选择:

# 在 master 节点和 worker 节点都要执行
# 最后一个参数 1.18.9 用于指定 kubenetes 版本，支持所有 1.18.x 版本的安装
# 腾讯云 docker hub 镜像
# export REGISTRY_MIRROR="https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
# DaoCloud 镜像
# export REGISTRY_MIRROR="http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"
# 阿里云 docker hub 镜像
export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

1、安装docker

注：最好迁移docker存储位置，根据自身情况选择

#!/bin/bash

# 在 master 节点和 worker 节点都要执行

# 安装 docker
# 参考文档如下
# https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/ 
# https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/

# 卸载旧版本
sudo yum remove -y docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-ce-cli \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-selinux \
docker-engine-selinux \
docker-engine

# 设置 yum repository
sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 安装并启动 docker
sudo yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.8 docker-ce-cli-19.03.8 containerd.io
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

# 迁移docker目录(根据自身需求决定)
sudo systemctl stop docker
sudo mkdir -p /var/opt/docker-lib
sudo mv /var/lib/docker /var/opt/docker-lib
sudo ln -s  /var/opt/docker-lib/docker /var/lib/docker
sudo systemctl start docker

2、配置基础环境安装kubelet

#!/bin/bash

# 安装 nfs-utils
# 必须先安装 nfs-utils 才能挂载 nfs 网络存储
sudo yum install -y nfs-utils
sudo yum install -y wget

# 关闭 防火墙
sudo systemctl stop firewalld
sudo systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭 SeLinux
setenforce 0
sudo sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭 swap
sudo swapoff -a
yes | cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak
cat /etc/fstab_bak |grep -v swap > /etc/fstab

# 修改 /etc/sysctl.conf
# 如果有配置，则修改
sed -i "s#^net.ipv4.ip_forward.*#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
# 可能没有，追加
sudo bash -c "echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo 'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo 'net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo 'net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo 'net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1'  >> /etc/sysctl.conf"

# 执行命令以应用
sudo sysctl -p

# 配置K8S的yum源
sudo bash -c "cat  > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo" << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

# 卸载旧版本
sudo yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
# 将 ${1} 替换为 kubernetes 版本号，例如 1.17.2
# yum install -y kubelet-${1} kubeadm-${1} kubectl-${1}
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.18.9 kubeadm-1.18.9 kubectl-1.18.9

# 修改docker Cgroup Driver为systemd
# # 将/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service文件中的这一行 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
# # 修改为 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd
# 如果不修改，在添加 worker 节点时可能会碰到如下错误
# [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". 
# Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
sudo sed -i "s#^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.*#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd#g" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

# 设置 docker 镜像，提高 docker 镜像下载速度和稳定性
# 如果您访问 https://hub.docker.io 速度非常稳定，亦可以跳过这个步骤
curl -sSL https://kuboard.cn/install-script/set_mirror.sh | sh -s ${REGISTRY_MIRROR}

# 重启 docker，并启动 kubelet
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

docker version

4、初始化 master 节点

关于初始化时用到的环境变量

APISERVER_NAME 不能是 master 的 hostname
APISERVER_NAME 必须全为小写字母、数字、小数点，不能包含减号
POD_SUBNET 所使用的网段不能与 master节点/worker节点 所在的网段重叠。该字段的取值为一个 CIDR 值，如果您对 CIDR 这个概念还不熟悉，请仍然执行 export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.1/16 命令，不做修改

# 只在 master 节点执行
# 替换 x.x.x.x 为 master 节点的内网IP
# export 命令只在当前 shell 会话中有效，开启新的 shell 窗口后，如果要继续安装过程，请重新执行此处的 export 命令
export MASTER_IP=x.x.x.x
# 替换 apiserver.demo 为 您想要的 dnsName
export APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.demo
# Kubernetes 容器组所在的网段，该网段安装完成后，由 kubernetes 创建，事先并不存在于您的物理网络中
export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.1/16
sudo bash -c "echo '${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}' >> /etc/hosts"

calico-3.13.1.yaml

---
# Source: calico/templates/calico-config.yaml
# This ConfigMap is used to configure a self-hosted Calico installation.
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: calico-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  # Typha is disabled.
  typha_service_name: "none"
  # Configure the backend to use.
  calico_backend: "bird"

  # Configure the MTU to use
  veth_mtu: "1440"

  # The CNI network configuration to install on each node.  The special
  # values in this config will be automatically populated.
  cni_network_config: |-
    {
      "name": "k8s-pod-network",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "calico",
          "log_level": "info",
          "datastore_type": "kubernetes",
          "nodename": "__KUBERNETES_NODE_NAME__",
          "mtu": __CNI_MTU__,
          "ipam": {
              "type": "calico-ipam"
          },
          "policy": {
              "type": "k8s"
          },
          "kubernetes": {
              "kubeconfig": "__KUBECONFIG_FILEPATH__"
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "snat": true,
          "capabilities": {"portMappings": true}
        },
        {
          "type": "bandwidth",
          "capabilities": {"bandwidth": true}
        }
      ]
    }

---
# Source: calico/templates/kdd-crds.yaml

apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: BGPConfiguration
    plural: bgpconfigurations
    singular: bgpconfiguration

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: BGPPeer
    plural: bgppeers
    singular: bgppeer

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: BlockAffinity
    plural: blockaffinities
    singular: blockaffinity

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: ClusterInformation
    plural: clusterinformations
    singular: clusterinformation

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: FelixConfiguration
    plural: felixconfigurations
    singular: felixconfiguration

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: GlobalNetworkPolicy
    plural: globalnetworkpolicies
    singular: globalnetworkpolicy

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: GlobalNetworkSet
    plural: globalnetworksets
    singular: globalnetworkset

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: HostEndpoint
    plural: hostendpoints
    singular: hostendpoint

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: IPAMBlock
    plural: ipamblocks
    singular: ipamblock

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: IPAMConfig
    plural: ipamconfigs
    singular: ipamconfig

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: IPAMHandle
    plural: ipamhandles
    singular: ipamhandle

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: ippools.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Cluster
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: IPPool
    plural: ippools
    singular: ippool

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Namespaced
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: NetworkPolicy
    plural: networkpolicies
    singular: networkpolicy

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: networksets.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
  scope: Namespaced
  group: crd.projectcalico.org
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: NetworkSet
    plural: networksets
    singular: networkset

---
---
# Source: calico/templates/rbac.yaml

# Include a clusterrole for the kube-controllers component,
# and bind it to the calico-kube-controllers serviceaccount.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: calico-kube-controllers
rules:
  # Nodes are watched to monitor for deletions.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - watch
      - list
      - get
  # Pods are queried to check for existence.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  # IPAM resources are manipulated when nodes are deleted.
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - ippools
    verbs:
      - list
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - blockaffinities
      - ipamblocks
      - ipamhandles
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - create
      - update
      - delete
  # Needs access to update clusterinformations.
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - clusterinformations
    verbs:
      - get
      - create
      - update
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: calico-kube-controllers
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: calico-kube-controllers
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: calico-kube-controllers
  namespace: kube-system
---
# Include a clusterrole for the calico-node DaemonSet,
# and bind it to the calico-node serviceaccount.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: calico-node
rules:
  # The CNI plugin needs to get pods, nodes, and namespaces.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - pods
      - nodes
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - endpoints
      - services
    verbs:
      # Used to discover service IPs for advertisement.
      - watch
      - list
      # Used to discover Typhas.
      - get
  # Pod CIDR auto-detection on kubeadm needs access to config maps.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      # Needed for clearing NodeNetworkUnavailable flag.
      - patch
      # Calico stores some configuration information in node annotations.
      - update
  # Watch for changes to Kubernetes NetworkPolicies.
  - apiGroups: ["networking.k8s.io"]
    resources:
      - networkpolicies
    verbs:
      - watch
      - list
  # Used by Calico for policy information.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - pods
      - namespaces
      - serviceaccounts
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  # The CNI plugin patches pods/status.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - pods/status
    verbs:
      - patch
  # Calico monitors various CRDs for config.
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - globalfelixconfigs
      - felixconfigurations
      - bgppeers
      - globalbgpconfigs
      - bgpconfigurations
      - ippools
      - ipamblocks
      - globalnetworkpolicies
      - globalnetworksets
      - networkpolicies
      - networksets
      - clusterinformations
      - hostendpoints
      - blockaffinities
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  # Calico must create and update some CRDs on startup.
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - ippools
      - felixconfigurations
      - clusterinformations
    verbs:
      - create
      - update
  # Calico stores some configuration information on the node.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  # These permissions are only requried for upgrade from v2.6, and can
  # be removed after upgrade or on fresh installations.
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - bgpconfigurations
      - bgppeers
    verbs:
      - create
      - update
  # These permissions are required for Calico CNI to perform IPAM allocations.
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - blockaffinities
      - ipamblocks
      - ipamhandles
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - create
      - update
      - delete
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - ipamconfigs
    verbs:
      - get
  # Block affinities must also be watchable by confd for route aggregation.
  - apiGroups: ["crd.projectcalico.org"]
    resources:
      - blockaffinities
    verbs:
      - watch
  # The Calico IPAM migration needs to get daemonsets. These permissions can be
  # removed if not upgrading from an installation using host-local IPAM.
  - apiGroups: ["apps"]
    resources:
      - daemonsets
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: calico-node
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: calico-node
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: calico-node
  namespace: kube-system

---
# Source: calico/templates/calico-node.yaml
# This manifest installs the calico-node container, as well
# as the CNI plugins and network config on
# each master and worker node in a Kubernetes cluster.
kind: DaemonSet
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: calico-node
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: calico-node
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: calico-node
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: calico-node
      annotations:
        # This, along with the CriticalAddonsOnly toleration below,
        # marks the pod as a critical add-on, ensuring it gets
        # priority scheduling and that its resources are reserved
        # if it ever gets evicted.
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
        # Make sure calico-node gets scheduled on all nodes.
        - effect: NoSchedule
          operator: Exists
        # Mark the pod as a critical add-on for rescheduling.
        - key: CriticalAddonsOnly
          operator: Exists
        - effect: NoExecute
          operator: Exists
      serviceAccountName: calico-node
      # Minimize downtime during a rolling upgrade or deletion; tell Kubernetes to do a "force
      # deletion": https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/#termination-of-pods.
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      initContainers:
        # This container performs upgrade from host-local IPAM to calico-ipam.
        # It can be deleted if this is a fresh installation, or if you have already
        # upgraded to use calico-ipam.
        - name: upgrade-ipam
          image: calico/cni:v3.13.1
          command: ["/opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam", "-upgrade"]
          env:
            - name: KUBERNETES_NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
            - name: CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: calico-config
                  key: calico_backend
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/cni/networks
              name: host-local-net-dir
            - mountPath: /host/opt/cni/bin
              name: cni-bin-dir
          securityContext:
            privileged: true
        # This container installs the CNI binaries
        # and CNI network config file on each node.
        - name: install-cni
          image: calico/cni:v3.13.1
          command: ["/install-cni.sh"]
          env:
            # Name of the CNI config file to create.
            - name: CNI_CONF_NAME
              value: "10-calico.conflist"
            # The CNI network config to install on each node.
            - name: CNI_NETWORK_CONFIG
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: calico-config
                  key: cni_network_config
            # Set the hostname based on the k8s node name.
            - name: KUBERNETES_NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
            # CNI MTU Config variable
            - name: CNI_MTU
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: calico-config
                  key: veth_mtu
            # Prevents the container from sleeping forever.
            - name: SLEEP
              value: "false"
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /host/opt/cni/bin
              name: cni-bin-dir
            - mountPath: /host/etc/cni/net.d
              name: cni-net-dir
          securityContext:
            privileged: true
        # Adds a Flex Volume Driver that creates a per-pod Unix Domain Socket to allow Dikastes
        # to communicate with Felix over the Policy Sync API.
        - name: flexvol-driver
          image: calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.13.1
          volumeMounts:
          - name: flexvol-driver-host
            mountPath: /host/driver
          securityContext:
            privileged: true
      containers:
        # Runs calico-node container on each Kubernetes node.  This
        # container programs network policy and routes on each
        # host.
        - name: calico-node
          image: calico/node:v3.13.1
          env:
            # Use Kubernetes API as the backing datastore.
            - name: DATASTORE_TYPE
              value: "kubernetes"
            # Wait for the datastore.
            - name: WAIT_FOR_DATASTORE
              value: "true"
            # Set based on the k8s node name.
            - name: NODENAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
            # Choose the backend to use.
            - name: CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: calico-config
                  key: calico_backend
            # Cluster type to identify the deployment type
            - name: CLUSTER_TYPE
              value: "k8s,bgp"
            - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
              value: "interface=ens.*"
            # Auto-detect the BGP IP address.
            - name: IP
              value: "autodetect"
            # Enable IPIP
            - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP
              value: "Always"
            # Set MTU for tunnel device used if ipip is enabled
            - name: FELIX_IPINIPMTU
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: calico-config
                  key: veth_mtu
            # The default IPv4 pool to create on startup if none exists. Pod IPs will be
            # chosen from this range. Changing this value after installation will have
            # no effect. This should fall within `--cluster-cidr`.
            # - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
            #   value: "192.168.0.0/16"
            # Disable file logging so `kubectl logs` works.
            - name: CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING
              value: "true"
            # Set Felix endpoint to host default action to ACCEPT.
            - name: FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION
              value: "ACCEPT"
            # Disable IPv6 on Kubernetes.
            - name: FELIX_IPV6SUPPORT
              value: "false"
            # Set Felix logging to "info"
            - name: FELIX_LOGSEVERITYSCREEN
              value: "info"
            - name: FELIX_HEALTHENABLED
              value: "true"
          securityContext:
            privileged: true
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 250m
          livenessProbe:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/calico-node
              - -felix-live
              - -bird-live
            periodSeconds: 10
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            failureThreshold: 6
          readinessProbe:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/calico-node
              - -felix-ready
              - -bird-ready
            periodSeconds: 10
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /lib/modules
              name: lib-modules
              readOnly: true
            - mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
              name: xtables-lock
              readOnly: false
            - mountPath: /var/run/calico
              name: var-run-calico
              readOnly: false
            - mountPath: /var/lib/calico
              name: var-lib-calico
              readOnly: false
            - name: policysync
              mountPath: /var/run/nodeagent
      volumes:
        # Used by calico-node.
        - name: lib-modules
          hostPath:
            path: /lib/modules
        - name: var-run-calico
          hostPath:
            path: /var/run/calico
        - name: var-lib-calico
          hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/calico
        - name: xtables-lock
          hostPath:
            path: /run/xtables.lock
            type: FileOrCreate
        # Used to install CNI.
        - name: cni-bin-dir
          hostPath:
            path: /opt/cni/bin
        - name: cni-net-dir
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        # Mount in the directory for host-local IPAM allocations. This is
        # used when upgrading from host-local to calico-ipam, and can be removed
        # if not using the upgrade-ipam init container.
        - name: host-local-net-dir
          hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/cni/networks
        # Used to create per-pod Unix Domain Sockets
        - name: policysync
          hostPath:
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
            path: /var/run/nodeagent
        # Used to install Flex Volume Driver
        - name: flexvol-driver-host
          hostPath:
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
            path: /usr/libexec/kubernetes/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/nodeagent~uds
---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: calico-node
  namespace: kube-system

---
# Source: calico/templates/calico-kube-controllers.yaml

# See https://github.com/projectcalico/kube-controllers
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: calico-kube-controllers
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: calico-kube-controllers
spec:
  # The controllers can only have a single active instance.
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: calico-kube-controllers
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      name: calico-kube-controllers
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: calico-kube-controllers
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      tolerations:
        # Mark the pod as a critical add-on for rescheduling.
        - key: CriticalAddonsOnly
          operator: Exists
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: calico-kube-controllers
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      containers:
        - name: calico-kube-controllers
          image: calico/kube-controllers:v3.13.1
          env:
            # Choose which controllers to run.
            - name: ENABLED_CONTROLLERS
              value: node
            - name: DATASTORE_TYPE
              value: kubernetes
          readinessProbe:
            exec:
              command:
              - /usr/bin/check-status
              - -r

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: calico-kube-controllers
  namespace: kube-system
---
# Source: calico/templates/calico-etcd-secrets.yaml

---
# Source: calico/templates/calico-typha.yaml

---
# Source: calico/templates/configure-canal.yaml

maste_run.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 只在 master 节点执行

# 脚本出错时终止执行
set -e

if [ ${#POD_SUBNET} -eq 0 ] || [ ${#APISERVER_NAME} -eq 0 ]; then
  echo -e "\033[31;1m请确保您已经设置了环境变量 POD_SUBNET 和 APISERVER_NAME \033[0m"
  echo 当前POD_SUBNET=$POD_SUBNET
  echo 当前APISERVER_NAME=$APISERVER_NAME
  exit 1
fi


# 查看完整配置选项 https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2
rm -f ./kubeadm-config.yaml
sudo bash -c "cat > ./kubeadm-config.yaml" <<EOF
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.9
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio
controlPlaneEndpoint: "${APISERVER_NAME}:6443"
networking:
  serviceSubnet: "10.96.0.0/16"
  podSubnet: "${POD_SUBNET}"
  dnsDomain: "cluster.local"
EOF

# kubeadm init
# 根据您服务器网速的情况，您需要等候 3 - 10 分钟
sudo kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs

# 配置 kubectl
sudo rm -rf /root/.kube/
sudo mkdir /root/.kube/
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config

# 安装 calico 网络插件
# 参考文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.13/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises
echo "安装calico-3.13.1"
sudo rm -f calico-3.13.1.yaml
# 可以直接下载运行，也可copy我上面的运行，下载的对于多网卡会有问题，根据自身选择即可
# wget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/calico/calico-3.13.1.yaml
sudo kubectl apply -f calico-3.13.1.yaml

检查master初始化结果：

# 只在 master 节点执行

# 执行如下命令，等待 3-10 分钟，直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态
sudo watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide

# 查看 master 节点初始化结果
sudo kubectl get nodes -o wide

1、初始化 worker节点，获得 join命令参数

在 master 节点上执行

# 只在 master 节点执行
sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command

有效时间

该 token 的有效时间为 2 个小时，2小时内，您可以使用此 token 初始化任意数量的 worker 节点。

2、初始化worker

针对所有的 worker 节点执行

# 只在 worker 节点执行
# 替换 x.x.x.x 为 master 节点的内网 IP
export 
MASTER_IP=x.x.x.x
# 替换 apiserver.demo 为初始化 master 节点时所使用的 APISERVER_NAME
export APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.demo
sudo bash -c "echo '${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}' >> /etc/hosts"

# 替换为 master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令的输出
kubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token mpfjma.4vjjg8flqihor4vt     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303

5、检查初始化结果

在 master 节点上执行

# 只在 master 节点执行
sudo kubectl get nodes -o wide

备注：

1、启动calico报错

# kubectl describe pod calico-node-jj7sn -n kube-system
Warning  Unhealthy  3m12s kubelet Readiness probe failed: calico/node is not ready: BIRD is not ready: BGP not established with 10.100.1.1,10.100.2.12021-12-20 03:06:59.963 [INFO][146] health.go 156: Number of node(s) with BGP peering established = 0

解决：

调整calicao
网络插件的网卡发现机制，修改IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD对应的value值。官方提供的yaml文件中，ip识别策略（IPDETECTMETHOD）没有配置，即默认为first-found，这会导致一个网络异常的ip作为nodeIP被注册，从而影响node-to-node
mesh。我们可以修改成can-reach或者interface的策略，尝试连接某一个Ready的node的IP，以此选择出正确的IP。

calico.yaml 文件添加以下二行

   - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
      value: "interface=ens.*"  # ens 根据实际网卡开头配置，支持正则表达式

配置完成如下:

            # Cluster type to identify the deployment type           
            - name: CLUSTER_TYPE
              value: "k8s,bgp"
            - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
              value: "interface=ens.*"
            # Auto-detect the BGP IP address.
            - name: IP
              value: "autodetect"
            # Enable IPIP
            - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP
              value: "Always"

重新调用生效

sudo kubectl apply -f calico-3.13.1.yaml

查看

sudo kubectl get pod -o wide -A

kuboard默认用户密码

kuboard:146.11.1.1:80
用户名： admin
密 码： Kuboard123

部署pod案例模板

部署pod服务(query)

deployment：

#Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
    name: query-deploy
    namespace: leotest
    labels:
        name: query-deploy
spec:
    replicas: 1
    selector:
      matchLabels:
        name: query-deploy-pod
    template:
        metadata:
            labels:
                name: query-deploy-pod
        spec:
            terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 1
            containers:
            - name: "query"
              image: query:latest
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              ports:
              - containerPort: 5000
              volumeMounts:
              - name: query-volume
                mountPath: /var/opt
              command: ["python","/home/run.py"]
              env:
              # 获取宿主机ip传个MY_NODE_IP环境变量
              - name: MY_NODE_IP
                valueFrom:
                  fieldRef:
                    fieldPath: status.hostIP
            volumes:
            - name: "query-volume"
              hostPath:
                path: /var/opt/query-project

service:

#Service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
    name: static
    namespace: leotest
    labels:
        name: query-static
spec:
    selector:
        name: query-deploy-pod
    sessionAffinity: ClientIP
    type: NodePort
    ports:
    - name: "tcp"
      port: 5000
      targetPort: 5000
      nodePort: 31000

部署import pod

#Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
    name: import-deploy
    namespace: leotest
    labels:
        name: cimport-deploy
spec:
    replicas: 2
    selector:
      matchLabels:
        name: import-deploy-pod
    template:
        metadata:
            labels:
                name: import-deploy-pod
        spec:
            terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 1
            nodeSelector:
              import: "true"
            containers:
            - name: "import"
              image: import:latest
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              ports:
              - containerPort: 9000
              volumeMounts:
              - name: import-volume
                mountPath: /var/opt
              env:
              - name: MY_NODE_IP
                valueFrom:
                  fieldRef:
                    fieldPath: status.hostIP
              #command: [ "sh","-c","env >/etc/default/locale&& cat" ]
              command: [ "sh","-c" ]
              #args: [ "env >>/etc/default/locale;cat" ]
              args: ["env >> /etc/default/locale;/etc/init.d/cron start;while true;do echo hello;sleep 30;done;"]
              #args: ["env >> /etc/default/locale;sleep 61;cat;"]
            volumes:
            - name: "import-volume"
              hostPath:
                path: /var/opt/import-project

1、k8s pod 报错CrashLoopBackOff

一般都是command格式不合法导致导致的，如需要运行多条命令，使用;不要使用&&

# top命令使用如下
command: ["top","-b"] 
或
command: ["top"]  
    args: ["-b"]  
# shell命令使用如下来保持容器不会重启
command: ["/bin/sh"]  
    args: ["-c","while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"]  
或
command: ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo hello;sleep ;done"]

2、docker中crontab无法获取系统环境变量

/etc/init.d/cron start用于启动crontab服务，但这样启动的crontab服务中配置的定时命令是没有Dockerfile中设置的环境变量的。因此还需要在这之前执行env >> /etc/default/locale，这样Dockerfile中通过ENV设置的环境变量，在crontab中就可以正常读取了。

#!/bin/bash
set -x
# 保存环境变量，开启crontab服务
env >> /etc/default/locale
/etc/init.d/cron start

1、2、皆在pod模板中引用

kuboard

在这里插入图片描述

sudo docker run -d \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  --name=kuboard \
  -p 80:80/tcp \
  -p 10081:10081/tcp \
  -e KUBOARD_ENDPOINT="http://内网IP:80" \
  -e KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER_TCP_PORT="10081" \
  -v /root/kuboard-data:/data \
  eipwork/kuboard:v3
  # 也可以使用镜像 swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard/kuboard:v3 ，可以更快地完成镜像下载。
  # 请不要使用 127.0.0.1 或者 localhost 作为内网 IP \
  # Kuboard 不需要和 K8S 在同一个网段，Kuboard Agent 甚至可以通过代理访问 Kuboard Server \

在浏览器输入 http://your-host-ip:80 即可访问 Kuboard v3.x 的界面，登录方式：

用户名： admin
密码： Kuboard123

备注：

1、通过将参数 --upload-certs 添加到 kubeadm init，你可以将控制平面证书临时上传到集群中的 Secret。请注意，此 Secret 将在 2 小时后自动过期。

2、要使非 root 用户可以运行 kubectl，请运行以下命令，它们也是 kubeadm init 输出的一部分

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

3、init时随机生成证书密钥
该命令将打印出可以与 “init” 命令一起使用的安全的随机生成的证书密钥。
你也可以使用 kubeadm init --upload-certs 而无需指定证书密钥；命令将为你生成并打印一个证书密钥。

kuboard官网参考

Kubernetes参考