spring获取不到bean-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/jerry_zhang402/article/details/84760212

本文讨论了在进行Spring单元测试时遇到Bean加载失败的问题，并通过添加<context:component-scan>配置解决了UserService无法正常加载的问题。文章提供了完整的测试代码示例，包括UserService接口、实现类以及相应的测试类。

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今天在做spring单元测试的时候，有一个bean死活加载不到。

错误：

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'userService' is defined
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:694)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1168)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:281)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:956)
	at com.spring_test.UserManagerTest.before(UserManagerTest.java:14)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)

在丁未的过程中，发现原来是因为在spring的配置中缺少了：
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring_test"/>
导致加载不到userService这个bean。

测试代码如下：
userService：

public interface UserService {

	public User getUserById(String userId);
}

UserServiceImpl

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

	public User getUserById(String userId) {
		return null;
	}

}

测试类：

public class UserManagerTest {
	private UserService userService;
	@Before
	public void before()
	{
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"/spring/spring-config.xml"});
		userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService");
	}

	@Test
	public void testUser()
	{
		String userId ="001";
		userService.getUserById(userId);
	}

}

spring-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">


<context:annotation-config/>    
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring_test"/>

    <!-- 引入dbconfig.properties属性文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:dbconfig.properties" />
    <!-- 自动扫描(自动注入)，扫描me.gacl.service这个包以及它的子包的所有使用@Service注解标注的类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="me.gacl.service" />
</beans>