项目配置文件app.config/configuration/configSections

<configuration>//根节点
  <configSections> //配置节声明区域 
    <section name="MySection" type="System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler"/>//配置节声明(无父组声明)
    <sectionGroup name="MySectionGroup">//定义配置节组
      <section name="MyFirstSection" type="System.Configuration.SingleTagSectionHandler"/>//配置节组中的配置节声明1
      <section name="MySecondSection" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler"/>//配置节组中的配置节声明2
    </sectionGroup>
  </configSections>
  //配置节设置区域开始
  <MySectionGroup>
    <MyFirstSection MyFirstSection="First"/>
    <MySecondSection>
      <add key="Second" value="Second Section"/>
    </MySecondSection>
  </MySectionGroup>
  <MySection>
    <add key="Top" value="Top Section"/>
  </MySection>
<pre name="code" class="html">  //配置节设置区域结束

 </configuration>

   配置节按类型分系统默认声明（存储键值对）和自定义配置

一：系统默认

          1.1.声明

             系统默认声明类型包括三种：

             ①：System.Configuration.SingleTagSectionHandler   (自定义配置设置键值属性，返回 System.Collections.Hashtable类型参数)

             ②：System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler   (返回 System.Collections.Hashtable类型数据)

             ③：System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler   (返回 System.Configuration.ReadOnlyNameValueCollection类型数据)

           1.2.使用

              ①：System.Configuration.SingleTagSectionHandler                

ConfigurationSettings.GetConfig("MySectionGroup/MyFirstSection")["MyFirstSection"];//如果存在分组则参数字符串格式为   “分组名/节点名”

              ②：System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler

ConfigurationManager.GetSection("MySection")["Top"];//如果存在分组则参数字符串格式为   “分组名/节点名”

              ③：System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler

((NameValueCollection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(“MySectionGroup/MySecondSection”)).AllKeys[0];//如果存在分组则参数字符串格式为   “分组名/节点名”

           上述系统默认的配置可以用<appSettings>实现

二：自定义

           自定义配置我知道有两种：继承ConfigurationSection和实现IConfigurationSectionHandler接口。

          2.1.继承ConfigurationSection

 public class CustomSection : System.Configuration.ConfigurationSection
    {
        [ConfigurationProperty("sectionId", IsRequired = true, IsKey = true)]
        public int SectionId
        {
            get { return (int)base["sectionId"]; }
            set { base["sectionId"] = value; }
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty("sectionValue", IsRequired = false)]
        public string SectionValue
        {
            get { return base["sectionValue"].ToString(); }
            set { base["sectionValue"] = value; }
        }
    }

             操作此Section，我们将其动态加入app.config中，并读出来：

    public class CustomSectionBroker
    {
        private CustomSection customSection = null;
        public void InsertCustomSection()
        {
            customSection = new CustomSection();
            customSection.SectionId = 1;
            customSection.SectionValue = "The First Value";
            System.Configuration.Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            config.Sections.Add("CustomSection", customSection);
            config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
        }

        public int GetCustomSectionID()
        {
            System.Configuration.Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            CustomSection cs = config.GetSection("CustomSection") as CustomSection;
            return cs.SectionId;
        }
    }

        public void TestCustomSection()
        {
            CustomSectionBroker cb = new CustomSectionBroker();
            cb.InsertCustomSection();
            Assert.AreEqual(1, cb.GetCustomSectionID());
        }

              可以看下现在app.config文件的变化：

             

<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="CustomSection" type="Tonnie.Configuration.Library.CustomSection, Tonnie.Configuration.Library, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" />
    <sectionGroup name="MySectionGroup">
      <section name="MyFirstSection" type="System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler"/>
      <section name="MySecondSection" type="System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler"/>
    </sectionGroup>
  </configSections>
  <CustomSection sectionId="1" sectionValue="The First Value" />
  <MySectionGroup>
    <MyFirstSection>
      <add key="First" value="First Section"/>
    </MyFirstSection>
    <MySecondSection>
      <add key="Second" value="Second Section"/>
    </MySecondSection>
  </MySectionGroup>
</configuration>

           增加了一个单独的Section，名为"CustomSection"，并且包含了我们创建的2个 configurationProperty。我们还可以继续作扩展，现在我们的config中section的部分呈现的是<CustomSection sectionId="1" sectionValue="The First Value" /> ，

   这样 对于复杂的配置信息仍然不方便，我们是不是可以继续扩展，将其变成比较合理的：

    <CustomSection>
      <ChildCustomSectionA childId="1" childValue="ChildA"></ChildCustomSectionA>
      <ChildCustomSectionB childid="2" childValue=”ChildB”></ChildCustomSectionB>
    </CustomSection>

          这种方式呢？ 我们为<ChildCustomSectionA></ChildCustomSectionA>创建扩展自ConfigurationElement类的子类CustomSectionElementA，然后修改CustomSection类中的Property，使得类型不再是int 或 string，

   而是我们创建的新类  CustomSectionElementA。

　　  由于ChildCustomSectionA 和ChildCustomSectionB 的结构相对一致，根据面向对象的开发封闭原则，我们可以先抽象出一个base类，然后让ChildCustomSectionA，ChildCustomSectionB分别继承自此base类，

   当以后要添加更多的ChildCustomSectionC，ChildCustomSectionD…时，使用这种Template的设计模式，将更加灵活。

    public abstract class CustomSectionElementBase : System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement
    {
        [ConfigurationProperty("childId", IsRequired = true, IsKey = true)]
        public int ChildID
        {
            get { return (int)base["childId"]; }
            set { base["childId"] = value; }
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty("childValue", IsRequired = true)]
        public string ChildValue
        {
            get { return base["childValue"].ToString(); }
            set { base["childValue"] = value; }
        }
    }

 

    public class CustomSectionElementA : CustomSectionElementBase
    {
        public CustomSectionElementA()
        {
            base.ChildID = 1;
            base.ChildValue = "ChildA";
        }
    }

     

    public class CustomSectionElementB : CustomSectionElementBase
    {
        public CustomSectionElementB()
        {
            base.ChildID = 2;
            base.ChildValue = "ChildB";
        }
    }

     完成了ConfigurationElement的实现，我们可以改写我们上一个例子中定义的CustomSection类了：

    public class CustomSectionWithChildElement : System.Configuration.ConfigurationSection
    {
        private const string elementChildA = "childSectionA";
        private const string elementChildB = "childSectionB";

        [ConfigurationProperty(elementChildA, IsRequired = true, IsKey = true)]
        public CustomSectionElementA ChildSectionA
        {
            get { return base[elementChildA] as CustomSectionElementA; }
            set { base[elementChildA] = value; }
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty(elementChildB, IsRequired = true)]
        public CustomSectionElementB ChildSectionB
        {
            get { return base[elementChildB] as CustomSectionElementB; }
            set { base[elementChildB] = value; }
        }
    }

 

    public class CustomSectionWithChildElementBroker
    {
        private CustomSectionWithChildElement customSection = null;
        public void InsertCustomSection()
        {
            customSection = new CustomSectionWithChildElement();
            customSection.ChildSectionA = new CustomSectionElementA();
            customSection.ChildSectionB = new CustomSectionElementB();

            System.Configuration.Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            config.Sections.Add("CustomSectionWithChildElement", customSection);
            config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
        }

        public int GetCustomSectionChildAID()
        {
            System.Configuration.Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            CustomSectionWithChildElement cswe = config.GetSection("CustomSectionWithChildElement") as CustomSectionWithChildElement;
            return cswe.ChildSectionA.ChildID;
        }
    }

     将Property改成我们自定义类的形式.测试代码如下：

        public void TestCustomSectionWithChildElement()
        {
            CustomSectionWithChildElementBroker cweb = new CustomSectionWithChildElementBroker();
            cweb.InsertCustomSection();
            Assert.AreEqual(1, cweb.GetCustomSectionChildAID());
        }

     看看运行后我们的app.config变成什么样子了：

<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="CustomSectionWithChildElement" type="Tonnie.Configuration.Library.CustomSectionWithChildElement, Tonnie.Configuration.Library, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" />
    <section name="CustomSection" type="Tonnie.Configuration.Library.CustomSection, Tonnie.Configuration.Library, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" />
    <sectionGroup name="MySectionGroup">
      <section name="MyFirstSection" type="System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler"/>
      <section name="MySecondSection" type="System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler"/>
    </sectionGroup>
  </configSections>
  <CustomSectionWithChildElement>
    <childSectionA childId="1" childValue="ChildA" />
    <childSectionB childId="2" childValue="ChildB" />
  </CustomSectionWithChildElement>
  <CustomSection sectionId="1" sectionValue="The First Value" />
  <MySectionGroup>
    <MyFirstSection>
      <add key="First" value="First Section"/>
    </MyFirstSection>
    <MySecondSection>
      <add key="Second" value="Second Section"/>
    </MySecondSection>
  </MySectionGroup>
</configuration>

     下面为我们的CustomSectionWithChildElement外面再加一层SectionGroup:

    public class CustomSectionGroup : System.Configuration.ConfigurationSectionGroup
    {
        [ConfigurationProperty("customSectionA", IsRequired = true, IsKey = true)]
        public CustomSectionWithChildElement SectionA
        {
            get { return base.Sections["customSectionA"] as CustomSectionWithChildElement; }
            set
            {
                this.Sections.Add("customSectionA", value);
            }
        }
    }

    public class CustomSectionGroupWithChildElementBroker
    {
        private CustomSectionWithChildElement customSection = null;
        public void InsertCustomSectionGroup()
        {
            customSection = new CustomSectionWithChildElement();
            customSection.ChildSectionA = new CustomSectionElementA();
            customSection.ChildSectionB = new CustomSectionElementB();

            CustomSectionGroup sectionGroup = new CustomSectionGroup();
            System.Configuration.Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            if (config.GetSectionGroup("customSectionGroup") == null)
                config.SectionGroups.Add("customSectionGroup", sectionGroup);
            sectionGroup.SectionA = customSection;
            config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
        }

        public int GetCustomSectionChildAID()
        {
            System.Configuration.Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);

            CustomSectionWithChildElement cswe = config.GetSection("customSectionGroup/customSectionA") as CustomSectionWithChildElement;
            return cswe.ChildSectionA.ChildID;
        }
    }

     测试一下：

        public void TestCustomSectionGroupWithChildElement()
        {
            CustomSectionGroupWithChildElementBroker cweb = new CustomSectionGroupWithChildElementBroker();
            cweb.InsertCustomSectionGroup();
            Assert.AreEqual(1, cweb.GetCustomSectionChildAID());
        }

     没问题，看下现在的app.config,是不是更加结构化了：

<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <sectionGroup name="MySectionGroup">
      <section name="MyFirstSection" type="System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler"/>
      <section name="MySecondSection" type="System.Configuration.DictionarySectionHandler"/>
    </sectionGroup>
    <sectionGroup name="customSectionGroup" type="Tonnie.Configuration.Library.CustomSectionGroup, Tonnie.Configuration.Library, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" >
      <section name="customSectionA" type="Tonnie.Configuration.Library.CustomSectionWithChildElement, Tonnie.Configuration.Library, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" />
    </sectionGroup>
  </configSections>
  <MySectionGroup>
    <MyFirstSection>
      <add key="First" value="First Section"/>
    </MyFirstSection>
    <MySecondSection>
      <add key="Second" value="Second Section"/>
    </MySecondSection>
  </MySectionGroup>
  <customSectionGroup>
    <customSectionA>
      <childSectionA childId="1" childValue="ChildA" />
      <childSectionB childId="2" childValue="ChildB" />
    </customSectionA>
  </customSectionGroup>
</configuration>

    以上测试代码是用代码方式修改app.config配置文件，也可以手动添加，2.1内容摘自 http://www.ibeifeng.com/tech.php?id=55401

         2.2.实现IConfigurationSectionHandler接口

 

namespace MyConfigurationTest
{
    public class RobsunParaSectionHandler : IConfigurationSectionHandler
    {
        #region IConfigurationSectionHandler 成員

        public object Create(object parent, object configContext, XmlNode section)
        {
            RobsunPara para = new RobsunPara();

            foreach (XmlNode xn in section.ChildNodes)
            {
                switch (xn.Name)
                {
                    case "path":
                        para.Path = xn.SelectSingleNode("@value").InnerText;
                        break;
                    case "companyName":
                        para.CompanyName = xn.SelectSingleNode("@value").InnerText;
                        break;
                    case "isPrivate":
                        para.IsPrivate = bool.Parse(xn.SelectSingleNode("@attribute").InnerText);
                        break;
                }
            }

            return para;
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

    以上RobsunParaSectionHandler类实现 IConfigurationSectionHandler 接口.

    RobsunPara类(实际就是参数类)的代码如下:

    public class RobsunPara
    {
        #region code
        private string _path = "";
        private string _companyName = "";
        private bool _isPrivate = false;

        public string Path
        {
            get { return _path; }
            set { _path = value; }
        }

        public string CompanyName
        {
            get { return _companyName; }
            set { _companyName = value; }
        }

        public bool IsPrivate
        {
            get { return _isPrivate; }
            set { _isPrivate = value; }
        }
        #endregion
    }

    ConfigurationHander类的创建工作已完成,次handler的工作必须配合如下配置文件的格式(其实的配置文件依赖handler).

    这里是web.config(三种配置文件任一,web.config,App.config,machine.config ,前两种会覆盖machine.config,当然这里是没法子在App.config配置了  )

<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <sectionGroup name="robsunGroup">
      <section name="robsunSection" type="RobsunConfigSectionHandler.RobsunParaSectionHandler,RobsunConfigSectionHandler"/>
    </sectionGroup>
  </configSections>
  <robsunGroup>
    <robsunSection>
      <path value="NONE"/>
      <companyName value="Robsun"/>
      <isPrivate attribute="true"/>
    </robsunSection>
  </robsunGroup>
</configuration>

    以上2.2内容摘自 http://www.cnblogs.com/panshuiqing/articles/1193860.html